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基于滨海盐碱地水埋深变化的水盐耦合胁迫对棉花光合特性和产量品质的影响
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摘要
为了确定滨海盐碱地棉花生长最有利的土壤水盐条件,于2013—2014年实施了不同土壤水盐环境的大田土柱试验,并设定了不同的水埋深处理(2013年分别为0.6、1.0、1.4、1.8、2.2、2.6 m;2014年分别为0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0、2.4 m)。结果表明:(1)在相对干旱的2013年,较优水埋深(1.4 m和1.8m,拟合结果为1.87m)处理,土壤呈现正常水分结合高盐、轻度干旱结合中盐的状态。在相对湿润的2014年,分别在较优水埋深(1.6m和2.0m,拟合结果为1.73 m)处理,土壤处于正常水分结合低盐的状态。(2)棉花光合特性、籽棉产量和纤维品质在较优水埋深处理均达到较优值。在2013年水埋深0.6 m处理、2014年水埋深0.4 m处理下,棉花净光合速率的降低主要是由非气孔限制造成的。与较优水埋深处理的平均籽棉产量(2个处理的平均值)相比,2013年水埋深0.6m、2.6m处理,2014年水埋深0.4m、2.4m处理的籽棉产量分别降低了73.9%、21.4%和71.4%、21.4%。籽棉产量的降低主要是由铃数减少导致的。综上,0~40cm土层较适合的土壤相对含水量在干旱的2013年为61.91%~72.14%,在湿润的2014年为70.09%~73.66%;同样,0~40 cm土层较适合的EC_(1:5)在2013年为0.81~1.08 dS·m~(-1),在2014年分别为0.37~0.42 dS·m~(-1)。
To target the favorable conditions for cotton growth in coastal saline soil,a two year field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 by setting various environments for soil water and salt with different groundwater depths(0.6,1.0,1.4,1.8,2.2,2.6 m in 2013 and 0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,2.0,2.4 m in 2014).Results showed that:(1) in arid year of 2013,soil exhibited normal soil-relative water content with high salt and mild drought with moderate salt in the optimal groundwater depths of 1.4 m and 1.8 m(1.87 m for fitting),respectively.In humid year of 2014,soil displayed normal soil-relative water content with low salt in the optimal groundwater depths of 1.6 m and 2.0 m(1.73 m for fitting).(2) Net photosynthesis,cotton yield and fiber quality all approached to the highest values in the optimal treatments.The reduction in net photosynthetic rate was mainly due to non-stomatal restriction in the treatment of 0.6 m in 2013 and 0.4 m in2014.As compared to optimal groundwater depths,the seed cotton yield was dropped by 73.9%,21.4%a nd 71.4%,21.4%under groundwater depths of 0.6 m,2.6 m in 2013 and 0.4 m,2.4 m in 2014,respectively.Reduced boll number played a critical role to decrease seed cotton yield.In summary,the favorable soil relative water content for 0-40 cm soil depth was 61.91%-72.14%in dry year of 2013 and 70.09%-73.66%in humid year of 2014,similarly;the favorable EC_(1:5) for 0-40 cm soil depth was recorded as 0.81-1.08 dS·m~(-1)in 2013,while 0.37-0.42 dS·m~(-1) in 2014.
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