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山西断陷盆地地裂缝成因机理研究
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摘要
山西断陷盆地地裂缝的出现可谓源远流长,早在汉代就有历史文献记载,进入现代,特别是二十世纪中、后期以来,随着人类活动的不断加剧,地下水持续超采,地壳进入新一轮的活跃期,山西大同盆地、太原盆地、临汾盆地和运城盆地出现了严重的地裂缝灾害,地裂缝所经之处,地面及地下建筑遭到严重破坏,对人民群众的生命财产构成了巨大威胁。
     本文旨在深入了解山西断陷盆地地质环境背景,全面整理山西断陷盆地地裂缝的分布情况,总结地裂缝的分布规律,分析地裂缝的孕灾条件、成因模式和种类,利用多种手段研究山西断陷盆地地裂缝的成因机理,探索地裂缝的群发机理及预测预报地裂缝的发展趋势。本文主要研究工作和成果如下:
     (1)通过野外调查和资料收集,首次查明了山西断陷盆地及峨嵋台地共26个县(市、区)发现有地裂缝271条(带),其中小型地裂缝115条(带),中型地裂缝66条(带),大型地裂缝84条(带)和巨型地裂缝6条(带)。
     (2)通过对山西断陷盆地地裂缝发育状况的分析,首次揭示了山西断陷盆地地裂缝主要沿盆缘断裂、盆内隐伏断裂、盆地相对凸起块体和地下水降落漏斗边缘分布的规律。
     (3)通过对山西断陷盆地地裂缝与深部构造、基底构造、活动断裂、地应力、地下水位、第四纪地层厚度和强降雨等的关系进行分析,首次概化出山西断陷盆地地裂缝的八大成因模式和两大成因种类。
     (4)通过资料收集和野外调查,利用多种技术手段,包括测量、探槽、钻探和物探等,揭示了清徐地裂缝、祁县-太谷地裂缝、临汾高堆地裂缝、运城半坡地裂缝和万荣城关变电站地裂缝的成因机理。
     (5)根据山西断陷盆地的动力学背景,提出了地裂缝的群发机理,预测了山西断陷盆地地裂缝的发展趋势。
There are ground fissures in shanxi fault basin for a long time. The document recorded the ground fissures during Han period. Into Modern Times, especially since the middle, late20th century, as human activities stepped up and groundwater was pumped massively, the crust activities came into a active stage of new circulation. In Datong basin,Taiyuan basin, Linfen basin, Yuncheng basin, there had already occurred a large number of ground fissures, tremendous losses had been caused by ground fissures hazards, these active ground fissures made a serious threat on the people.
     In dissertation, by deeply understanding geological environment of shanxi fault basin, the ground fissures were arranged, the distribution rules were summarized, the formation conditions were analyzed, the genetic models and types were concluded. By means of exploration methods the genetic mechanism of the ground fissures was researched. The group mechanism of the ground fissures was studied. The development tendency of the ground fissures was estimated. The major works and results of this dissertation are as follows:
     (1) By field inspection and data collection,271ground fissures were ascertained for the first time in26counties, shanxi fault basin and e'mei platform, among them,115small ground fissures,66medium ground fissures,84large ground fissures and6huge ground fissures.
     (2) The developmental state of ground fissures was analyzed in shanxi fault basin, the distribution rules of ground fissures were found out for the first time, distribution along border mount fault, buried fault in basin, horst block, the edge of groundwater cone of depression.
     (3) Analysis of the relationship between ground fissures and deep tectonic, basement tectonic, active fault, ground stress, groundwater level,quaternary stratum thickness and heavy rainfall in shanxi fault basin, eight genetic models and two genetic types of ground fissures were concluded.
     (4) By the approaches of field investigation, data collection, measurement, exploratory trench, geophysical exploration, drilling and so on, the genetic mechanism of ground fissures was studied in Qingxue county. Qixian county-Taigu county, banpo village of Yuncheng, gaodui village of Linfen, suburb transformer substation of Wanrong county.
     (5) According to geodynamic setting of shanxi fault basin, the group mechanism of ground fissures was proposed, the development trendency of the ground fissures was forecasted.
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