中国能源消费增长的问题及对策研究
|
摘要
近几年来，随着中国经济的快速发展，中国能源生产已经无法满足日益增加的能源消费需求。2012年中国对煤炭、石油和天然气的消费量均居世界前列，对煤炭的消费量更是达到了世界煤炭消费总量的近一半水平，而同期中国能源生产总量却远低于能源消费总量，特别是石油，中国石油消费的一半以上来自于进口，可见中国能源消费缺口较大。另外，根据BP能源年鉴中国化石能源数据，中国煤碳资源的储量为世界第三位，而消费量则为世界第一位，储采比为31；中国石油资源的储量为世界第14位，而消费量为世界第二位，储采比为11.4；中国天然气资源的储量为世界第13位，而消费量为世界第4位，储产比为28.9。可见，中国煤碳、石油和天然气三种化石能源的均存在开采和消费过度的问题。如果未来中国化石能源没有大规模新探明储量，那么中国必须通过控制能源消费的增长并试图降低能源消费来解决能源供需矛盾问题。
本文应用因素分解分析方法，基于1997-2010年的中国经济增长和能源消费数据，对中国能源消费增长的原因进行了深入研究。在研究过程中，本文根据能源消费特点和所适用研究方法的不同，将中国能源消费划分为商用能源消费和民用能源消费分别进行研究。
在研究中国商用能源消费问题方面，本文采用结构分解分析方法，将1997-2007年期间中国商用能源消费增长分解为能源强度效用、里昂惕夫效用、产业结构效用、增长结构效用和经济增长效用五大驱动因素，研究表明：经济增长是中国商用能源消费增长的主要原因；里昂惕夫效用对中国能源消费增长的推动作用是由于中间产出比重的提高造成的，进一步分析，本文认为部分产业的产能过剩是中国商用能源消费增长的重要原因；产业结构的变动表现为能源密集型产业发展较快，产业结构的能源密集化促使中国商用能源消费量持续增长；增长结构效用是指投资、消费和出口在中国经济增长中所占比重，研究表明消费比重的降低和投资与出口比重的上升对于中国商用能源消费的增长起到了持续的推动作用。在影响中国商用能源消费的储多因素中，只有能源强度效用对中国商用能源消费起到了抑制作用，并且作用效果持续、明显，进一步分析表明：技术进步是中国能源强度持续下降的主要原因。另外，在对中国商用能源消费进行结构分解分析的基础上，本文又应用情景分析方法对中国未来十年的能源消费进行了预测，结果表明：如果未来影响中国商用能源消费的驱动因素不进行有效调整，仍保持原有趋势继续发展，那么到2017年中国能源消费总量将达到53.24亿吨标准煤，为2007年该数字的2.13倍。而如果未来中国真正实现经济发展转型，产能过剩得到有效控制、产业结构进行合理调整、投资比重下降消费比重上升、经济增长实际速度控制在5%的水平，那么到2017年中国能源消费总量将达到16.93亿吨标准煤，为2007年该数字的67.8%。
在研究中国民用能源消费问题方面，本文采用指数分解分析方法，将2002-2010年期间中国民用能源消费增长分解为能源结构效用、人口增长效用、住房面积效用和家用电器能源需求效用四种驱动因素。研究结果表明：家用电器能源需求和人均住房面积的增加是中国民用能源消费增长的主要驱动因素，人口的增长对中国民用能源消费增长的促进作用有限但非常稳定，能源结构变动对中国民用能源消费增长的作用很小，但同样是正向作用。首先，能源结构变动主要体现在煤的消费比重下降和生物质能源的消费比重上升，由于生物质能源的燃烧效率远低于煤炭，所以能源消费总量会有所上升。其次，中国人口稳定的增长必将导致中国民用能源消费持续增长。第三，人均住房面积的增长必将造成取暖、制冷、照明等能源消费的增长。最后，家用电器能源需求不断增长的原因在于家用电器保有量的不断增长、使用时长的不断增加。根据本文预测结果，到2020年，中国家用电器保有量将会持续增长，但是随着中国家用电器保有量饱和度的提高，中国家用电器保有量的增长速度会有所放缓；另外，随着技术的不断进步，中国家用电器的单位能耗会有所下降，如果中国家用电器的单位能耗每年降低2%，则中国家用电器能源消费仍然会保持增长，只有当中国家用电器的单位能耗每年降低超过3.45%时，到2020年以前，中国家用电器能源消费量才会有所下降。
最后，本文在对中国商用能源和民用能源消费增长原因进行分析的基础上，从提高能源使用效率、减少产能过剩、优化产业结构、调整增长结构、控制经济增长、改善能源结构和减少家用电能耗等方面提出了解决中国能源消费增长过快的政策建议。在提高能源效率方面，应制定合理的能源价格体制，鼓励企业进行技术创新，从而实现减少能源浪费、提高能源效率的目标；在减少产能过剩方面，应增加消费、减少投资，鼓励竞争、优胜劣汰，严控进入标准、发布产业信息；在优化和调整产业结构方面，应该优先发展能源密集程度较低的产业，重点发展轻工业，根据区域特点发展战略性新兴产业；在增加消费控制投资方面，应该提高居民整体收入水平，逐步完善社会保障体系，缩小居民收入差距；在经济增长方面，应适当放缓经济增长速度，平衡经济增长与节约能源和环境保护之间的关系。在优化民用能源结构方面，应对目前占中国民用能源最大比重的生物质能进行转化，对秸秆等生物质能进行热解、气化和液化等处理，将生物质能转化为沼气、生物乙醇和生物柴油等能源形式。在控制家用电器能源消耗方面，应通过节能补贴等政策鼓励企业生产更为节能源家用电器，同时鼓励消费者购买和使用更多的节能产品；调整现有以旧换新政策，加速高能耗旧家用电器更新换代，提高中国家用电器总体能效水平。
With the development of China recently, the energy consumption grows quickly and hasexceeded the energy production capacity in China. In2012, the consumption of coal, oil andnatural gas in China is much more than that in the most countries in the world, especiallythe consumption of coal in China is almost half of the total coal consumption is the world.At the same time, the energy production is not enough for energy consumption in China,especially half of the oil consumption is imported from other countries. In addition,according to “BP Statistical Review of World Energy”, the reserve of coal in China is thethird most in the world, while the consumption of coal in China is the most in the world,and the reserve-production ratio is31. The rank of oil reserve of China is Number14in theworld, while the rank of oil consumption of China is Number2in the world, and thereserve-production ratio is11.4. The natural gas reserve of China ranks13in the world,while the natural gas consumption of China ranks4in the world, and the reserve-productionratio is28.9. Apparently the energy consumption in China has exceeded the capacity ofenergy supply in China. Therefore, if there is no new finding of energy in China in thefuture, we have to slow down the increase of energy consumption or even to decrease theenergy consumption in China.
Using decomposition analysis methods, based on the data from1997to2010, weanalysed the reasons for the increase of energy consumption in China by dividing the wholeenergy consumption into commercial energy consumption and residential energyconsumption.
Using structural decomposition analysis, we decomposed the commercial energyconsumption during1997-2007in to five driving forces consisting of energy intensity,Leontief, sector structure, demand allocation (the shares of consumption, investments andexport in final demand) and final demand effects. The results show that the final demand effect was the most important driving force behind the increase of commercial energyconsumption in China. Leontief effect increased commercial energy consumption in Chinaby increasing the portion of intermediate output. By further analysis we propose that overcapacity in some sectors is the important reason behind the increase of commercial energyconsumption. Sector structure changed toward energy intensive structure, which increasedcommercial energy consumption in China. Demand allocation effect indicated that theincrease of investment and the decline of consumption increases the commercial energyconsumption. Among all driving forces, the energy intensity effect is the only one whichplayed negative role on the increase of commercial energy consumption in China.According to further analysis, technological progress is the main reason behind the declineof energy intensity. Furthermore, based on the analysis above, we undertook a scenarioanalysis on commercial energy consumption of China in the next decade. The resultsshowed us that: if the driving forces behind the commercial energy consumption keepconstant trend as before, the commercial energy consumption of China in2017will reach5.324billion tce,2.13times of that in2007. However, if the economic transition works, theproblem of over capacity was solved, the sector structure was shifted, the demand allocationwas changed toward consumption intensive, and the pace of economic growth was limitedbelow5percent, the commercial energy consumption of China in2017will be reduced to1.693billion,67.8percent of that in2007.
Adopting index decomposition analysis method, we decomposed the increase ofresidential energy consumption of China in the period2002-2010into four driving factorscomprising changes from appliances, change in floor space, population and energy mix.According to our results, the increase in energy-using appliances is the biggest contributorto the increase of residential energy consumption during2002-2010but the effect declinesover time, due to energy efficiency improvements in those appliances. The second mostimportant contributor is floor space per capita. Of the four factors, population is the moststable factor and energy mix is the least important factor. Firstly, the changes of energy mixis due to the increase of the biomass consumption and the decline of coal consumption.Secondly, the constant growth of the population of China would keep the residential energyconsumption increasing. Thirdly, the increase of house space per capita would use moreresidential energy for heating, cooling and lighting. Fourthly, the increase of electricity usefor household appliances is due to the constant increase of the ownership of household appliances and the extension of the use time of household appliances. According to ourprediction, until2020the ownership of household appliances will continue increasing,though the pace of the increase will slow down along with the increasing saturation. Inaddition, due to the technological progress in China, the energy efficiency of the householdappliances will be improved year after year. If the efficiency of appliances was improved by2%each year, the electricity use for appliances will keep on increasing until2020; unlessthe efficiency of appliances was improved more than3.45%each year, the electricity use forappliances won’t be decline before2020.
Based on the analysis above, we gave some suggestions to policy makers in theperspective of improving energy efficiency, reducing overcapacity, optimizing sectorstructure, adjusting demand allocation, controlling economic grows, improving energy mixand decreasing energy demand from appliances. To improve energy efficiency in China, thegovernment should develop a rational energy pricing system, encourage the enterprises toconduct technological innovation, which is benefit to reducing energy waste and improvingenergy efficiency. To reduce overcapacity, the government should increase consumption andreduce investment, encourage competition and eliminate backward capacity, control theentry criteria strictly, and publish industrial information. To optimize sector structure, thegovernment should give priority to the development of non-energy intensive sectors, focuson light industry, and develop strategic emerging industries according to regionalcharacteristics. With regard to demand allocation, the government should improve residents’overall income level, improve the social security system, and narrow the income gap. Interms of economics growth, the government should slow down the economic growth rate,balance the relationship among economic growth, energy consumption and environmentprotection. In the perspective of residential energy structure, the government shouldencourage the conversion of biomass, such as pyrolysis, gasification or liquefaction,converting the biomass into biogas, bio-ethanol, bio-diesel or other form of energy. Withregard to energy use from household appliances, the government should encourage theenterprises to produce energy saving household appliances through energy saving subsidyand other related policies, meanwhile encourage the consumers to buy and use moreenergy-efficient products, adapt the current trade policy and accelerate the updating ofenergy-consuming appliances, then improve the energy efficiency of household appliancesin China.
本文应用因素分解分析方法，基于1997-2010年的中国经济增长和能源消费数据，对中国能源消费增长的原因进行了深入研究。在研究过程中，本文根据能源消费特点和所适用研究方法的不同，将中国能源消费划分为商用能源消费和民用能源消费分别进行研究。
在研究中国商用能源消费问题方面，本文采用结构分解分析方法，将1997-2007年期间中国商用能源消费增长分解为能源强度效用、里昂惕夫效用、产业结构效用、增长结构效用和经济增长效用五大驱动因素，研究表明：经济增长是中国商用能源消费增长的主要原因；里昂惕夫效用对中国能源消费增长的推动作用是由于中间产出比重的提高造成的，进一步分析，本文认为部分产业的产能过剩是中国商用能源消费增长的重要原因；产业结构的变动表现为能源密集型产业发展较快，产业结构的能源密集化促使中国商用能源消费量持续增长；增长结构效用是指投资、消费和出口在中国经济增长中所占比重，研究表明消费比重的降低和投资与出口比重的上升对于中国商用能源消费的增长起到了持续的推动作用。在影响中国商用能源消费的储多因素中，只有能源强度效用对中国商用能源消费起到了抑制作用，并且作用效果持续、明显，进一步分析表明：技术进步是中国能源强度持续下降的主要原因。另外，在对中国商用能源消费进行结构分解分析的基础上，本文又应用情景分析方法对中国未来十年的能源消费进行了预测，结果表明：如果未来影响中国商用能源消费的驱动因素不进行有效调整，仍保持原有趋势继续发展，那么到2017年中国能源消费总量将达到53.24亿吨标准煤，为2007年该数字的2.13倍。而如果未来中国真正实现经济发展转型，产能过剩得到有效控制、产业结构进行合理调整、投资比重下降消费比重上升、经济增长实际速度控制在5%的水平，那么到2017年中国能源消费总量将达到16.93亿吨标准煤，为2007年该数字的67.8%。
在研究中国民用能源消费问题方面，本文采用指数分解分析方法，将2002-2010年期间中国民用能源消费增长分解为能源结构效用、人口增长效用、住房面积效用和家用电器能源需求效用四种驱动因素。研究结果表明：家用电器能源需求和人均住房面积的增加是中国民用能源消费增长的主要驱动因素，人口的增长对中国民用能源消费增长的促进作用有限但非常稳定，能源结构变动对中国民用能源消费增长的作用很小，但同样是正向作用。首先，能源结构变动主要体现在煤的消费比重下降和生物质能源的消费比重上升，由于生物质能源的燃烧效率远低于煤炭，所以能源消费总量会有所上升。其次，中国人口稳定的增长必将导致中国民用能源消费持续增长。第三，人均住房面积的增长必将造成取暖、制冷、照明等能源消费的增长。最后，家用电器能源需求不断增长的原因在于家用电器保有量的不断增长、使用时长的不断增加。根据本文预测结果，到2020年，中国家用电器保有量将会持续增长，但是随着中国家用电器保有量饱和度的提高，中国家用电器保有量的增长速度会有所放缓；另外，随着技术的不断进步，中国家用电器的单位能耗会有所下降，如果中国家用电器的单位能耗每年降低2%，则中国家用电器能源消费仍然会保持增长，只有当中国家用电器的单位能耗每年降低超过3.45%时，到2020年以前，中国家用电器能源消费量才会有所下降。
最后，本文在对中国商用能源和民用能源消费增长原因进行分析的基础上，从提高能源使用效率、减少产能过剩、优化产业结构、调整增长结构、控制经济增长、改善能源结构和减少家用电能耗等方面提出了解决中国能源消费增长过快的政策建议。在提高能源效率方面，应制定合理的能源价格体制，鼓励企业进行技术创新，从而实现减少能源浪费、提高能源效率的目标；在减少产能过剩方面，应增加消费、减少投资，鼓励竞争、优胜劣汰，严控进入标准、发布产业信息；在优化和调整产业结构方面，应该优先发展能源密集程度较低的产业，重点发展轻工业，根据区域特点发展战略性新兴产业；在增加消费控制投资方面，应该提高居民整体收入水平，逐步完善社会保障体系，缩小居民收入差距；在经济增长方面，应适当放缓经济增长速度，平衡经济增长与节约能源和环境保护之间的关系。在优化民用能源结构方面，应对目前占中国民用能源最大比重的生物质能进行转化，对秸秆等生物质能进行热解、气化和液化等处理，将生物质能转化为沼气、生物乙醇和生物柴油等能源形式。在控制家用电器能源消耗方面，应通过节能补贴等政策鼓励企业生产更为节能源家用电器，同时鼓励消费者购买和使用更多的节能产品；调整现有以旧换新政策，加速高能耗旧家用电器更新换代，提高中国家用电器总体能效水平。
With the development of China recently, the energy consumption grows quickly and hasexceeded the energy production capacity in China. In2012, the consumption of coal, oil andnatural gas in China is much more than that in the most countries in the world, especiallythe consumption of coal in China is almost half of the total coal consumption is the world.At the same time, the energy production is not enough for energy consumption in China,especially half of the oil consumption is imported from other countries. In addition,according to “BP Statistical Review of World Energy”, the reserve of coal in China is thethird most in the world, while the consumption of coal in China is the most in the world,and the reserve-production ratio is31. The rank of oil reserve of China is Number14in theworld, while the rank of oil consumption of China is Number2in the world, and thereserve-production ratio is11.4. The natural gas reserve of China ranks13in the world,while the natural gas consumption of China ranks4in the world, and the reserve-productionratio is28.9. Apparently the energy consumption in China has exceeded the capacity ofenergy supply in China. Therefore, if there is no new finding of energy in China in thefuture, we have to slow down the increase of energy consumption or even to decrease theenergy consumption in China.
Using decomposition analysis methods, based on the data from1997to2010, weanalysed the reasons for the increase of energy consumption in China by dividing the wholeenergy consumption into commercial energy consumption and residential energyconsumption.
Using structural decomposition analysis, we decomposed the commercial energyconsumption during1997-2007in to five driving forces consisting of energy intensity,Leontief, sector structure, demand allocation (the shares of consumption, investments andexport in final demand) and final demand effects. The results show that the final demand effect was the most important driving force behind the increase of commercial energyconsumption in China. Leontief effect increased commercial energy consumption in Chinaby increasing the portion of intermediate output. By further analysis we propose that overcapacity in some sectors is the important reason behind the increase of commercial energyconsumption. Sector structure changed toward energy intensive structure, which increasedcommercial energy consumption in China. Demand allocation effect indicated that theincrease of investment and the decline of consumption increases the commercial energyconsumption. Among all driving forces, the energy intensity effect is the only one whichplayed negative role on the increase of commercial energy consumption in China.According to further analysis, technological progress is the main reason behind the declineof energy intensity. Furthermore, based on the analysis above, we undertook a scenarioanalysis on commercial energy consumption of China in the next decade. The resultsshowed us that: if the driving forces behind the commercial energy consumption keepconstant trend as before, the commercial energy consumption of China in2017will reach5.324billion tce,2.13times of that in2007. However, if the economic transition works, theproblem of over capacity was solved, the sector structure was shifted, the demand allocationwas changed toward consumption intensive, and the pace of economic growth was limitedbelow5percent, the commercial energy consumption of China in2017will be reduced to1.693billion,67.8percent of that in2007.
Adopting index decomposition analysis method, we decomposed the increase ofresidential energy consumption of China in the period2002-2010into four driving factorscomprising changes from appliances, change in floor space, population and energy mix.According to our results, the increase in energy-using appliances is the biggest contributorto the increase of residential energy consumption during2002-2010but the effect declinesover time, due to energy efficiency improvements in those appliances. The second mostimportant contributor is floor space per capita. Of the four factors, population is the moststable factor and energy mix is the least important factor. Firstly, the changes of energy mixis due to the increase of the biomass consumption and the decline of coal consumption.Secondly, the constant growth of the population of China would keep the residential energyconsumption increasing. Thirdly, the increase of house space per capita would use moreresidential energy for heating, cooling and lighting. Fourthly, the increase of electricity usefor household appliances is due to the constant increase of the ownership of household appliances and the extension of the use time of household appliances. According to ourprediction, until2020the ownership of household appliances will continue increasing,though the pace of the increase will slow down along with the increasing saturation. Inaddition, due to the technological progress in China, the energy efficiency of the householdappliances will be improved year after year. If the efficiency of appliances was improved by2%each year, the electricity use for appliances will keep on increasing until2020; unlessthe efficiency of appliances was improved more than3.45%each year, the electricity use forappliances won’t be decline before2020.
Based on the analysis above, we gave some suggestions to policy makers in theperspective of improving energy efficiency, reducing overcapacity, optimizing sectorstructure, adjusting demand allocation, controlling economic grows, improving energy mixand decreasing energy demand from appliances. To improve energy efficiency in China, thegovernment should develop a rational energy pricing system, encourage the enterprises toconduct technological innovation, which is benefit to reducing energy waste and improvingenergy efficiency. To reduce overcapacity, the government should increase consumption andreduce investment, encourage competition and eliminate backward capacity, control theentry criteria strictly, and publish industrial information. To optimize sector structure, thegovernment should give priority to the development of non-energy intensive sectors, focuson light industry, and develop strategic emerging industries according to regionalcharacteristics. With regard to demand allocation, the government should improve residents’overall income level, improve the social security system, and narrow the income gap. Interms of economics growth, the government should slow down the economic growth rate,balance the relationship among economic growth, energy consumption and environmentprotection. In the perspective of residential energy structure, the government shouldencourage the conversion of biomass, such as pyrolysis, gasification or liquefaction,converting the biomass into biogas, bio-ethanol, bio-diesel or other form of energy. Withregard to energy use from household appliances, the government should encourage theenterprises to produce energy saving household appliances through energy saving subsidyand other related policies, meanwhile encourage the consumers to buy and use moreenergy-efficient products, adapt the current trade policy and accelerate the updating ofenergy-consuming appliances, then improve the energy efficiency of household appliancesin China.
引文
[1] Ach o C, Schaeffer R. Decomposition analysis of the variations in residential electricityconsumption in Brazil for the1980-2007period: Measuring the activity, intensity andstructure effects[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:5208-5220.
[2] Akbostanci E, Turut-Asik S, Tunc G I. The relationship between income andenvironment in Turkey: is there an environmental Kuznets curve[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:861-867.
[3] Ang B W, Choi K H. Decomposition of aggregate energy and gas emission intensitiesfor industry: a refined Divisia index method[J]. Energy Journal,1997,18(3):59–73.
[4] Ang B W. Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy: which is the preferredmethod [J]. Energy Policy,2004,32:1131-1139.
[5] Ang B W. Decomposition of industrial energy consumption: the energy intensityapproach[J]. Energy Economics,1994,16(3):163–174.
[6] Ang B W, Lee S Y. Decomposition of industrial energy consumption: somemethodological and application issues[J]. Energy Economics,1994,16(2):83–92.
[7] Ang B W, Liu F L. A new energy decomposition method: perfect in decomposition andconsistent in aggregation[J]. Energy,2001,26(6):537–548.
[8] Ang B W, Liu F L. Chung H S. Index numbers and the Fisher ideal index approach inenergy decomposition analysis[R]. Singapore: Department of Industrial and Systems,2002.
[9] Ang B W. The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide[J]. EnergyPolicy,2005,33:867-871.
[10] Ang B W, Zhang F Q. A survey of index decomposition analysis in energy andenvironmental studies[J]. Energy,2000,25(12):1149–1176.
[11] Ang B W, Zhang F Q. Choi K H. Factorizing changes in energy and environmentalindicators through decomposition[J]. Energy,1998,23(6):489–495.
[12] Ang J B. CO2emissions, energy consumption, and output in France[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:4772-4778.
[13] Ang J B. Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption inMalaysia[J]. Journal of Policy Modeling,2008,30(2):271-278.
[14] Apergis N, Payne J E. CO2emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America[J].Energy Policy,2009,37:3282-3286.
[15] Baumol W J, Oates W E. The theory of environmental policy[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1988.
[16] Belloumi M. Energy consumption and GDP in Tunisia: co-integration and causalityanalysis[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:2745-2753.
[17] Benkovic S, Kruger J. To trade or not to trade? Criteria for applying cap and trade[J].The Scientific World Journal,2001,1:953-957.
[18] Bentzen J, Engsted T. Short-and long-run elasticities in energy demand: acointegration approach[J]. Energy Economics,1993,15(1):9-16.
[19] Berry R S, Fels M F. Energy cost of automobiles[J]. Science and Public Affairs,1973,10:11-17.
[20] Bhatia R. Energy demand analysis in developing countries: a review[J]. Energy Journal,1987,8:1–33.
[21] Bhattacharyya S C. Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance[M].London: Springer,2011.
[22] Bhattacharyya S C. The power generation and environment: a review of the Indiancase[J]. International Journal of Energy Research,1995,19(3):185-198.
[23] Boyd G A, Hanson D A, Sterner T. Decomposition of changes in energy intensity-acomparison of the Divisia index and other methods[J]. Energy Economics,1988,10(4):309–312.
[24] Boyd G A, McDonald J F, Ross M, Hanson D A. Separating the changing compositionof US manufacturing production from energy efficiency improvements: a Divisiaindex approach[J]. The Energy Journal,1987,8(2):77-96.
[25] Bullard C W, Penner P S, Pilati D A. Net energy analysis_handbook for combiningprocess and input-output analysis[J]. Resource Energy,1978,1:267-313.
[26] Carley S. The Era of State Energy Policy Innovation: A Review of PolicyInstruments[J]. Review of Policy Research,2011,28(3):265-294.
[27] Cellura M, Longo S, Mistretta M. Application of the Structural DecompositionAnalysis to assess the indirect energy consumption and air emission changes related toItalian households consumption[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16:1135-1145.
[28] Chan H N, Lee S K. Modeling and forecasting the demand for coal in China[J]. EnergyEconomics,1997,19:271-287.
[29] Chapman P F, Leach G, Slesser M. The energy cost of fuels[J]. Energy Policy,1974,2:231-243.
[30] Chapman P F. The energy costs of materials[J]. Energy Policy,1975,3:47-57.
[31] Chen S Q, Li N P, Guan J, Xie Y Q, Sun F M, Ni J. A statistical method to investigatenational energy consumption in the residential building sector of China[J]. Energy andbuildings,2008,40:654-665.
[32] Choi K H, Ang B W. Attribution of Changes in Divisia real energy intensity index-Anextension to index decomposition analysis[J]. Energy Economics,2012,34:171-176.
[33] Chung H S, Rhee H C. A residual-free decomposition of the sources of carbon dioxideemissions: a case of the Korean industries[J]. Energy,2001,26(1):15–30.
[34] Chung W, Kam M S, Ip C Y. A study of residential energy use in Hong Kong bydecomposition analysis,1990-2007[J]. Applied Energy,2011,88:5180-5187.
[35] Coondoo D, Dinda S. The carbon dioxide emission and income: a temporal analysis ofcross-country distributional patterns[J]. Ecological Economics,2008,65:375-385.
[36] Crosbie T. Household energy consumption and consumer electronics: The case oftelevision[J]. Energy Policy,2008,36:2191-2199.
[37] Deng X. Private car ownership in China: how important is the effect of income?[C].Annual Conference of Economist,2007, Hobart, Australia.
[38] Dietzenbacher E, Los B. Structural Decomposition Techniques: Sense andSensitivity[J]. Economic Systems Research,1998,10:307-323.
[39] Dinda S. A theoretical basis for the environmental Kuznets curve[J]. EcologicalEconomics,2004,53:403-413.
[40] Dinda S, Coondoo D. Income and emission: a panel data based co-integrationanalysis[J]. Ecological Economics,2006,57:167-181.
[41] DTI. Meeting the energy challenge: a white paper on energy[R]. London: Departmentof Trade and Industry,2007.
[42] Eichhammer W, Schloman B. Methodological issues and relevance in a policy contextof energy efficiency indicators[R]. Tokyo: APERC,1998.
[43] Farahbakhsh H, Ugursal V I, Fung A S. A residential end-use energy consumptionmodel for Canada[J]. International Journal of Energy Research,1998,22:1133-1143.
[44] Farla J C M, Blok K. Energy efficiency andstructur al change in the Netherlands,1980–1995[J]. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2000,4(1):93–117.
[45] Fisher F M, Kaysen C. A study in econometrics: the demand for electricity in theUnited States[J]. American Economics Review,1962,52(4):885-887.
[46] Fisher-Vanden K F, Jefferson G H, Liu H, Tao Q. What is driving China’s decline inenergy intensity?[J]. Resource and Energy Economics,2004,26:77-97.
[47] Fisher-Vandon K F, Jefferson G H, Ma J K, Xu J Y. Technology development andenergy productivity in China[J]. Energy Economics,2006,28:690-705.
[48] Folk H. Employment effects of the Mandatory Deposit Regulation[R]. Chicago andSpringfield: Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality,1972.
[49] Gillingham K, Newell R G, Palmer K. Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy [J].Annual Review of Resource Economics,2009,1(1):597-620.
[50] Gould B W, Kulshreshtha S N. An interindustry analysis of structural change andenergy use linkages in the Saskatchewan economy[J]. Energy Economics,1986,8:186-196.
[51] Gowdy M J, Miller J L. Technological and demand change in energy use: aninput-output analysis[J]. Environment and Planning,1987,19:1387-1398.
[52] Greening L A, Davis W B, Schipper L, Khrushch M. Comparison of six decompositionmethods: application to aggregate energy intensity for manufacturing in10OECDcountries[J]. Energy Economics,1997,19(3):375–390.
[53] Grossman G M, Krueger A B. Environmental impacts of a North American free tradeagreement[R]. MA: National Bureau of Economic Research,1991.
[54] Halicioglu F. An econometric study of CO2emissions, energy consumption, incomeand foreign trade in Turkey[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:1156-1164.
[55] Hannon B. System Energy and Recycling: A Study of the Beverage Industry[R].Urbana: Center for Advanced Computation, University of Illinois,1972.
[56] Hasanbeigi A, Can S R, Sathaye J. Analysis and decomposition of the energy intensityof California industries[J]. Energy Policy,2012,46:234-245.
[57] Haas R. Energy efficiency indicators in the residential sector[J]. Energy Policy,1997,25:789-802.
[58] Hartman R S. Frontiers in energy demand modeling[J]. Annual Review of Energy,1979,4:433-466.
[59] Hatzigeorgiou E, Polatidis H, Haralambopoulos D. CO2emissions in Greece for1990–2002[J]. Energy,2008.33(3):492-499.
[60] Helm D. The assessment: The new energy paradigm[J]. Oxford Review of EconomicPolicy,2005,21(1):1–18.
[61] Herendeen R A. Use of input-output analysis to determine the energy cost of goods andservices[M]//Macrakis M S. Energy: Demand, Conservation, and InstitutionalProblems. MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1973:141-158.
[62] Herendeen R A, Sebald A. The Dollar, Energy and Employment Impacts of CertainConsumer Options[R]. Urbana: University of Illinois,1973.
[63] Herendeen R, Tanaka J. Energy cost of living[J]. Energy,1976,1:165-178.
[64] Herendeen R. Total energy cost of household consumption in Norway[J]. Energy,1978,3:615-630.
[65] Howarth R B, Schipper L, Duerr P A, Strom, S. Manufacturing energy use in eightOECD countries. Energy Economics,1991,13(2):135–142.
[66] Huang J P. Industry energy use and structural change[J]. Energy Economics,1993,4:131-136.
[67] IPCC. Climate change2007: synthesis report[R]. Geneva: intergovernmental panel onclimate change,2007.
[68] Jaffe A B, Newell R G, Stavins R N. Economics of Energy Efficiency[J]. Encyclopediaof Energy,2004,02:79-90.
[69] Kavgic M, Mavrogianni A, Mumovic D, Summerfield A, Stevanovic Z,Djurovic-Petrovic M. A review of bottom-up building stock models for energyconsumption in residential sector[J]. Building and Environment,2010,45:1683-1697.
[70] Kondou Y, Murata A, Yamada K, Sakamoto K, Zhou W S. Study on electricityconsumption for domestic refrigerators, air conditioners, and water dispenser inGuangzhou (China) urban area based on questionnaire data[J]. Journal of the JapanInstitute of Energy,2011,90:554-561.
[71] Kraft J, Kraft A. On the relationship between energy and GNP[J]. Journal of EnergyDevelopment,1978,3:401-403.
[72] Kuznets S. Economic growth and income equality[J]. American Economic Review,1955,49:1-28.
[73] Laitner J A, DeCanio S J, Coomey J G, Sanstand A H. Room for improvement:increasing the value of energy modeling for policy analysis[J]. Utilities Policy,2003,11:87–94.
[74] Leahy E, Lyons S. Energy use and appliance ownership in Ireland[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38:4265-4279.
[75] Lee C C, Lee J D. Income and CO2emissions: evidence from panel unit root andco-integration tests[J]. Energy Policy,2009,3:413-423.
[76] Leontief W, Ford D. Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: aninput-output approach[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics,1970,52:262-271.
[77] Lermit J, Jollands N. Monitoring energy efficiency performance in New Zealand: aconceptual and methodological framework[R]. Wellington: National Energy Efficiencyand Conservation Authority,2001.
[78] Liao H, Fan Y, Wei Y M. What induced China’s energy intensity to fluctuate:1997-2006?[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:4640-4649.
[79] Lim H, Yoo S, Kwak S. Industrial CO2emissions from energy use in Korea: Astructural decomposition analysis[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:686-698.
[80] Linn J. Energy Prices and the Adoption of Energy-saving Technology[J]. TheEconomic Journal,2008,118:1986-2012.
[81] Liu X Q, Ang B W, Ong H L. The application of the Divisia index to thedecomposition of changes in industrial energy consumption[J]. Energy Journal,1992,13(4):161–177.
[82] Ma C B, Stem D I. China’s Changing Energy Intensity Trend: A DecompositionAnalysis[J]. Energy Economics,2008,30:1037-1053.
[83] Managi S, Jena P R. Environmental productivity and Kuznets curve in India[J].Ecological Economics,2008,65:432-440.
[84] Martinez-Zarzoso I, Bengochea-Morancho A. Pooled mean group estimation of anenvironmental Kuznets curve for CO2[J]. Economics Letter,2004,82:121-126.
[85] Mehrara M. Energy consumption and economic growth: the case of oil exportingcountries[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:2939-2945.
[86] Menz F C, Seip H M. Acid rain in Europe and the United States: an update[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2004,7(4):253-265.
[87] Murata A, Kondou Y, Mu H L, Zhou W S. Electricity demand in the Chinese urbanhousehold-sector[J]. Applied Energy,2008,85:1113-1125.
[88] Narayan P K, Narayan S, Prasad A. A structural VAR analysis of electricityconsumption and real GDP: evidence from the G7countries[J]. Energy Policy,2008,36:2765-2769.
[89] Nie H G, Kemp R. Why did energy intensity fluctuate during2000-2009?[J]. Energyfor Sustainable Development,2013,17:482-488.
[90] ODYSSEE. Aggregate energy efficiency indicators in ODYSSEE forindustry[C/OL].1999.http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/Publication/PDF/indic-ind.pdf.
[91] Ouyang J L, Ge J, Hokao K. Economic analysis of energy-saving renovation measuresfor urban existing residential buildings in China based on thermal simulation and siteinvestigation[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:140-149.
[92] Pao H T. Forecast of electricity consumption and economic growth in Taiwan by statespace modeling[J]. Energy,2009,34:1779-1791.
[93] Pao H T, Tsai C M. CO2emissions, energy consumption and economic growth inBRIC countries[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38:7850-7860.
[94] Pao H T, Tsai C M. Multivariate Granger causality between CO2emissions, energyconsumption, FDI and GDP: evidence from a panel of BRIC countries[J]. Energy,2011,36:685-693.
[95] Park S H. Decomposition of industrial energy consumption-an alternative method.Energy Economics,1992,14(4):265–270.
[96] Patterson M G. What is energy efficiency?[J]. Energy Policy,1996,24:377-390.
[97] Peng Y, Shi C. Determinants of Carbon Emissions Growth in China: A StructuralDecomposition Analysis[J]. Energy Procedia,2011,5:169-175.
[98] Pilati D A. Energy analysis of electricity supply and energy conservation options[J].Energy,1976,2:1-7.
[99] Pindyck R S. The structure of world energy demand[M]. Cambridge: The MIT Press,1979.
[100] Popp D. The Effect of New Technology on Energy Consumption[J]. Resource andEnergy Economics,2001,23,215-239.
[101] Qiu D X, Ma Y Q, Lu Y Y, Wang Q Z, Zhu Z L. Household energy consumption inBeijing and Nanning, China[J]. Energy,1994,19:529-538.
[102] Reitler W, Rudolph M, Schaefer H. Analysis of the factors influencing energyconsumption in industry: a revised method[J]. Energy Economics,1987,14(1):49–56.
[103] Rennings K, Rammer C. Increasing Energy and Resource Efficiency throughInnovation[J]. Journal of Economics and Finance,2009,59:442-459.
[104] Riley K. Moter vehicles in China: the impact of demographic and economicchanges[J]. Population and Environment,2002,23:479-494.
[105] Rose A, Casler S. Input-output structural decomposition analysis: a criticalappraisal[J]. Economic Systems Research,1996,8:33-62.
[106] Rotty R M, Perry A M, Reister D B. Net Energy from Nuclear Power[R]. TN:Institute for Energy Analysis, Oak Ridge Associated Universities,1975.
[107] Ruijven B, Vries B, Vuuren D P, Sluijs J P. A global model for residential energy use:Uncertainty in calibration to regional data[J]. Energy,2010,35:269-282.
[108] Saidur R, Masjuki H H, Jamaluddin M Y. An application of energy and exergyanalysis in residential sector of Malaysia[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:1050-1063.
[109] Sinton J E, Levine M D. Changing energy intensity in Chinese industry[J]. EnergyPolicy,1994,3:239-255.
[110] Schwela D, Gopalan H. Ambient air pollution and emerging issues inmegacities[M].//Haq G, Han W, Kim C. Urban air pollution management and practicein major and mega cities of Asia. Korea: Korea Environment Institute,2002.
[111] Soytas U, Sari R. Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions:challenges faced by an EU candidate member[J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68:2706-2712.
[112] Soytas U, Sari R, Ewing B T. Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions inthe United States[J]. Ecological Economics,2007,62:482-489.
[113] Stern D I. The environmental Kuznets curve[J/OL]. Encyclopedia of EcologicalEconomics,[2003-06]. http://www.ecoeco.org/pdf/stern.pdf
[114] Stern D I. The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve[J]. WorldDevelopment,2004,32:1419-1439.
[115] Su B, Ang B W. Structural decomposition analysis applied to energy and emissions:Some methodological developments[J]. Energy Economics,2012,34:177-188.
[116] Sundqvist T. What causes the disparity of electricity externality estimates?[J]. EnergyPolicy,2004,32(15):1753-1766.
[117] Sundqvist T, Soderholm P. Valuing the environmental impacts of electricitygeneration: acritical survey[J]. Journal of Energy Lit,2002,8(2):3-41.
[118] Sun J W. Changes in energy consumption andenergy intensity: a completedecomposition model[J]. Energy Economics,1998,20(1):85–100.
[119] Swan L G, Ugursal, V I. Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residentialsector: A review of modeling techniques[J]. Renewable and Sustainable EnergyReviews,2009,13:1819-1835.
[120] UNDP. World energy assessment: overview2004update[R]. New York: UnitedNational Development Programme,2004.
[121] UNEP. Global environment outlook3: past, present and future outlook[R]. Nairobi:United Nations Environment Programme,2002.
[122] UN. World urbanisation prospects: the2009revision[R]. New York: Department ofEconomic and Social Affairs, United Nations,2009.
[123] Vukina T. Energy and the environment—some key issues[R]. Washington DC: WorldBank,1992.
[124] Wachsmann U, Wood R, Lenzen M, Schaeffer R. Structural decomposition of energyuse in Brazil from1970to1996[J]. Applied Energy,2009,86:578-587.
[125] Wade S H. Measuring change in energy efficiency for the annual energy outlook2002[R]. Washington D C: Department of Energy,2002.
[126] Wang X H, Feng Z M. Study on affecting factors and standard of rural householdenergy consumption in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2005,9:101-110.
[127] Webber D, Allen D. Environmental Kuznets curves: mess or meaning?[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development&World Ecology,2010,17(3):198-207.
[128] WEC. World energy assessment2000[R]. London: World Energy Council,2000.
[129] WEO. World energy outlook2006[R]. Paris: International Energy Agency,2006.
[130] Wood R. Structural decomposition analysis of Australia’s greenhouse gasemissions[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:4943-4948.
[131] Worrel E, Ramesohl S, Boyd G. Advances in energy forecasting models based onengineering economics[J]. Annual Review of Environment and Resources,2004,29:345–381.
[132] Xia Y, Yang C H, Chen X K. Structural decomposition analysis on China’s energyintensity Change for1987-2005[J]. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity,2012,15:156-166.
[133] Zha D L, Zhou D Q, Zhou P. Driving forces of residential CO2emissions in urbanand rural China: An index decomposition analysis[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38:3377-3383.
[134] Zhan L Y, Ju M T, Liu J P. Improvement of China Energy Label System to promotesustainable energy consumption[J]. Energy Procedia,2011,5:2308-2315.
[135] Zhang M, Li H N, Zhou M, Mu HL. Decomposition analysis of energy consumptionin Chinese transportation sector[J]. Applied Energy,2011,88:2279-2285.
[136] Zhang Q Y. Residential energy consumption in China and its comparison with Japan,Canada, and USA[J]. Energy and Building,2004,36:1217-1225.
[137] Zhang Y G. Structural decomposition analysis of sources of decarbonizing economicdevelopment in China:1992-2006[J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68:2399-2405.
[138] Zhang Y G. Supply-side structural effect on carbon emissions in China[J]. EnergyEconomics,2010,32:186-193.
[139] Zhang Z X. Why did the energy intensity fall in China’s industrial sector in the1990s?The relative importance of structural change and intensity change[J]. EnergyEconomics,2003,25:625-638.
[140] Zhang X P, Cheng X M. Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economicgrowth in China[J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68:2706-2712.
[141] Zhao X L, Li N, Ma C B. Residential energy consumption in urban China: Adecomposition analysis[J]. Energy Policy,2012,41:644-653.
[142] Zhu H, Brambley M R, Morgan RP. Household energy consumption in the People’sRepublic of China[J]. Energy,1983,8:763-774.
[143]陈首丽,马立平.我国能源消费与经济增长效应的统计分析[J].管理世界,2010(1):167-168.
[144]陈书通.我国未来经济增长与能源消费关系研究[J].中国工业经济,1996(9):21-26.
[145]陈雅琳,高吉喜,他咏红.中国化石能源以生物质能源替代的潜力及环境效应研究[J].中国环境科学,201030(10):1425-1431.
[146]陈黎明,邓玲玲.我国3E系统协调度测度及其影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2012(16):126-129.
[147]陈剩勇,孙仕祺.产能过剩的中国特色、形成机制与治理对策[J].南京社会科学,2013(5):7-14.
[148]陈佳贵.调整和优化产业结构促进经济可持续发展[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2011(2):5-13.
[149]成艳,聂锐,张炎治.我国能源强度变动的多层分解分析[J].中国矿业,200918(8):34-38.
[150]程懋辉.论能源消费经济效益的考核指标体系与综合评价方法[J].统计研究,1990(5):45-47.
[151]蔡风景,李元.我国能源消费和经济增长的因果关系研究[J].统计与决策,2008(9):118-120.
[152]崔和瑞,王娣.基于VAR模型的我国能源-经济-环境（3E）系统研究[J].北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）,201012(1):23-28.
[153]崔立志.能源、经济和环境复合系统演化路径实证分析[J].软科学,201327(7):37-41.
[154]邓玉勇,杜铭华,雷仲敏.基于能源-经济-环境（3E）系统的模型方法研究综述[J].甘肃社会科学,2006(3):209-212.
[155]刁心柯,唐安宝.能源价格变动对能源效率影响研究[J].中国矿业,2012(6):37-41.
[156]董军,张旭.中国工业部门能耗碳排放分解与低碳策略研究[J].资源科学，201032(10):1856-1862.
[157]杜慧滨,顾培亮.区域发展中的能源-经济-环境复杂系统[J].天津大学学报（社会科学版）,20057(5):362-365.
[158]耿同劲.我国刺激消费政府的实证检验[J].数理经济技术经济研究,2004(4):22-25.
[159]郭平,彭妮娅.我国居民收入提升对增加消费有效性的地域分异研究[J].财经理论与实践,201233(176):80-84.
[160]郭朝先.中国碳排放因素分解：基于LMDI分解技术[J].中国人口资源与环境,201020(12):4-9.
[161]国娟.我国能源消费与环境污染关系的分析[J].商业经济,2008(8):8-9.
[162]韩颖,马萍,刘璐.一种能源消耗强度影响因素分解的新方法[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010(4):137-147.
[163]何凌云,薛永刚.要素价格变动对能源效率影响的差异性研究[J].管理现代化,2011（3）:6-8.
[164]何跃,许沛沛.我国能源强度影响因素分析及建议[J].统计与决策,2011(22):86-88.
[165]黄敏,赫英.中国能源消费与经济增长关系的模型与实证[J].统计观察,2006(11):69-71.
[166]胡萌,李坤,乔晗.山东省能源消费强度变动的结构及效率效应[J].中国人口资源与环境,201121(5):164-169.
[167]胡绍雨.我国能源、经济与环境协调发展分析[J].技术经济与管理研究,2013(4):78-82.
[168]贾军,张卓.中国高技术产业技术创新与能源效率协同发展实证研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,201323(2):36-42.
[169]金忠义.上海能源消费结构与生态环境研究[J].财经研究,1993(2):44-48.
[170]雷明.资源-经济-环境投入产出核算应用研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1998(11):59-63.
[171]李爱军.基于投入产出模型的湖北省能源强度分解[J].统计与决策,2008(3):93-97.
[172]李从欣,李国柱.能源消费与环境污染关系的实证研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2009(1):37-38.
[173]李国璋,王双.区域能源强度变动：基于GFI的因素分解分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,200818(4):62-66.
[174]李立.试用投入产出法分析中国的能源消费和环境问题[J].统计研究,1994(5):56-61.
[175]李力,韩丽媛.基于能源-经济-环境DEA分析的我国工业发展效率评价研究[J].科技管理研究,2008(5):93-95.
[176]张明,李华楠,穆海林.我国能源相关二氧化碳排放的影响因素贡献度分析[J].统计与决策,2011(15):85-88.
[177]李艳梅,张雷,程晓凌.中国碳排放变化的因素分解与减排途径分析[J].资源科学201032(2):218-222.
[178]林伯强,姚昕,刘希颖.节能和碳排放约束下的中国能源结构战略调整[J].中国社会科学,2010(1):59-71.
[179]刘成杰,张桂香.我国能源消费与经济增长的关系分析[J].统计观察,2006(5):57-58.
[180]刘凤朝,刘源远,潘雄锋.中国经济增长和能源消费的动态特征[J].资源科学,200729(5):63-68.
[181]刘广为,赵涛.中国碳排放强度影响因素的动态效应分析[J].资源科学,201234(11):2106-2114.
[182]刘海莺,赵莹.能源消费与中国经济增长关系的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2011(3):128-129.
[183]刘静华,贾仁安,涂国平.1995-2007年中国能源消费强度的分解模型及实证分析[J].资源科学32(10):1846-1855.
[184]刘星.能源对中国经济增长制约作用的实证研究[J].数理统计与管理,200625(4):443-447.
[185]吕钦.中国能源消费及结构与经济增长的关系研究[J].科技管理研究,2013(9):179-182.
[186]马洪范.实现消费主导战略转型与宏观消费政策选择[J].税务研究,2012(11):3-8.
[187]马歇尔伊利莎白.从世界能源经济角度看中国亟待解决的环境问题[J].管理世界,1990(3):173-176.
[188]牟敦国.中国能源消费与经济增长的因果关系研究[J].厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版），2008（2）：100-107.
[189]穆献中,刘炳义.新能源和可再生能源发展与产业化研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
[190]聂洪光.生态创新理论研究现状与前景展望[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）,201214(3):126-132.
[191]齐绍洲,云波,李锴.中国经济增长与能源消费强度差异的收敛性及机理分析[J].经济研究,2009(4):56-64.
[192]秦翊,侯莉.广东能源消费碳排放影响因素分解分析[J].科技管理研究,2013(12):224-227.
[193]钱晓英,杨娟.能源消费与中国经济增长关系的统计检验[J].统计与决策，2009(6):102-105.
[194]邱寿丰.中国能源强度变化的区域影响分析[J].数理经济技术经济研究,2008(12):37-48.
[195]染洁,史安娜,朱恒金.江苏省碳排放强度变化趋势及其影响因素分析[J].南京社会科学,2013(5):143-148.
[196]尚红云,蒋萍.中国能源消耗变动影响因素的结构分解[J].资源科学,200931(2):214-223.
[197]施凤丹.中国能源消费与经济增长实证研究[J].商业经济与管理,2009(5):68-71.
[198]宋德勇,卢忠宝.中国碳排放影响因素分解及其周期性波动研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,200919(3):18-24.
[199]宋敬阳.改善能源结构控制大气污染[J].环境科学研究,19958(5):45-48.
[200]宋佩珊,计军平,马晓明.广东省能源消费碳排放增长的结构分解分析[J].资源科学,201234(3):551-558.
[201]孙鹏,顾晓薇,刘敬智,王青.中国能源消费的分解分析[J].资源科学,200527(5):15-19.
[202]万浪.中国能源经济的发展和前景[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1984(10):3-10.
[203]汪宏韬.基于LMDI的上海市能源消费碳排放实证分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,201020(5):143-146.
[204]王迪,聂锐.江苏省节能减排影响因素及其效应比较[J].资源科学,32(7):1252-1258.
[205]王海鹏,田澎,靳萍.基于变参数模型的中国能源消费经济增长关系研究[J].数理统计与管理,200625(3):253-258.
[206]王火根,沈利生.中国经济增长与能源消费空间面板分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(12):98-107.
[207]王红瑞,蔡越虹,王岩,赵玉霞.人口、能源消费、经济发展对环境影响的定量分析[J].北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）,199935(1):123-126.
[208]王会青,谷志红,牛东晓.能源消费与经济增长的实证及预测[J].统计与决策,2009(5):108-110.
[209]王俊岭,赵瑞芬,王贤.能源-经济-环境（3E）系统和谐评价研究[J].经济与管理,201226(9):94-97.
[210]王俊松,贺灿飞.技术进步、结构变动与中国能源利用效率[J].中国人口资源与环境,200919(2):157-161.
[211]王凯,李娟,唐宇凌,刘浩龙.中国服务业能源消费碳排放量核算及影响因素分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,201323(5):21-28.
[212]王群伟,周德群,张柳婷.影响我国能源强度变动的因素探析[J].统计与决策,2008(8):72-74.
[213]王姗姗,徐吉辉,邱长溶.能源能费与环境污染的边限协整分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,201020(4):69-73.
[214]王妍,石敏俊.中国城镇居民生活消费诱发的完全能源消耗[J].资源科学,200931(12):2093-2100.
[215]王勇.我国石油价格形成机制改革深化的难点及对策[J].宏观经济管理,2009(9):41-42.
[216]王振国.能源经济学的研究趋势[J].社会科学战线,1988(3):38-42.
[217]隗斌贤.经济增长的能源障碍分析与对策[J].中国软科学,1996(6):48-56.
[218]魏一鸣,吴刚,刘兰翠,范英.能源-经济-环境复杂系统建模与应用进展[J].管理学报,20052(2):159-170.
[219]徐寿波.论能源经济发展的客观规律[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1989(11):18-23.
[220]许士春,习蓉,何正霞.中国能源消耗碳排放的影响因素分析及政策启示[J].资源科学,201234(1):2-12.
[221]夏艳清.我国工业能源消费及污染排放演变机理研究[J].软科学,201125(10):59-64.
[222]徐士元,陈军,姚西龙.研发投入与市场化进程对中国能源效率的影响[J].中国科技论坛,2009(9):13-17.
[223]徐士元.技术进步对能源效率影响的实证分析[J].科研管理,200930(6):16-24.
[224]薛勇,郭菊娥,孟磊.中国CO2排放的影响因素分解与预测[J].中国人口资源与环境,201121(5):106-112.
[225]鄢琼伟,陈浩.GDP与能源消费之间的关系研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,201121(7):13-19.
[226]晏艳阳,宋美喆.我国3E系统内部关系及影响因素的实证研究[J].经济学动态,2011(1):46-49.
[227]杨玉珍.我国生态、环境、经济系统耦合协调测度方法综述[J].科技管理研究,2013(4):236-239.
[228]叶红,黄静,崔胜辉.半城市化区域能源-经济-环境关系分析[J].生态环境学报,200918(4):134-1350.
[229]尹建华,王兆华.中国能源消费与经济增长间关系的实证研究[J].科研管理,2011(7):122-129.
[230]于风玲,陈建宏.基于灰色关联与优势分析的能源消费与工业环境污染的实证研究[J].环境污染与防治,34(11):93-97.
[231]岳婷,龙如银.基于LMDI的江苏省能源消费总量增长效应分析[J].资源科学,32(7):1266-1271.
[232]詹国华,陈治理.我国技术进步对能源效率影响的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2013(1):150-153.
[233]张阿玲,李继峰.构建中国的能源-经济-环境系统评价模型[J].清华大学学报（自然科学版）,200747(9):1537-1540.
[234]张旺,周跃云.基于结构分解法的北京市能源碳排放增量分析[J].资源科学,201335(2):275-283.
[235]张伟,张金锁,邹绍辉,许建.基于LMDI的陕西省能源消费碳排放因素分解研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,201327(9):26-31.
[236]张晓平,孙磊.中国工业能源消费强度变化的分解分析[J].资源科学,201032(9):1685-1691.
[237]张征华,彭迪云.中国二氧化碳排放影响因素实证研究综述[J].生态经济,2013(6):50-54.
[238]张志良.甘肃人口增长对能源与环境的压力及其对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,19904(2):41-48.
[239]张宗成,周猛.我国经济增长与能源消费的异常关系分析[J].上海经济研究,2004(4):41-45.
[240]赵芳.中国能源-经济-环境（3E）协调发展状态的实证研究[J].经济学家,2009(12):35-41.
[241]赵进文,范继涛.经济增长与能源消费内在依从关系的实证研究[J].经济研究,2007(8):31-42.
[242]赵湘莲,李岩岩,陆敏.我国能源消费与经济增长的空间计量分析[J].软科学,201226(3):33-38.
[243]赵涛,李晅煜.能源-经济-环境（3E）系统协调度评价模型研究[J].北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）,200810(2):11-16.
[244]赵志耘,杨朝峰.中国碳排放驱因素分解分析[J].中国软科学,2012(6):175-183.
[245]曾胜,郑贤贵,饶呈祥.我国能源消费结构与经济增长的关联关系分析[J].软科学,2009(8):65-68.
[246]郑博福,邓红兵,严岩,赵景柱.我国未来能源消费及其对环境的影响分析[J].环境科学,200526(5):1-6.
[247]周劲,付保宗.工业领域产能过剩形成机制及对策建议[J].宏观经济管理,2011(10):33-35.
[248]周虓岗,尹海涛.中国产业能源强度的因素分解分析[J].西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）,201339(5):599-604.
[249]周元春,邹骥.中国发展低碳经济的影响因素与对策思考[J].统计与决策,2009(23):99-101.
[250]朱聆,张真.上海市碳排放强度的影响因素解析[J].环境科学研究,201124(1):20-26.
[251]朱勤,彭希哲,陆志明,吴开亚.中国能源消费碳排放变化的因素分解及实证分析[J].资源科学,200931(12):2072-2079.
[252]朱勤,彭希哲,吴开亚.基于结构分解的居民消费品载能碳排放变动分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(1):65-77.
[2] Akbostanci E, Turut-Asik S, Tunc G I. The relationship between income andenvironment in Turkey: is there an environmental Kuznets curve[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:861-867.
[3] Ang B W, Choi K H. Decomposition of aggregate energy and gas emission intensitiesfor industry: a refined Divisia index method[J]. Energy Journal,1997,18(3):59–73.
[4] Ang B W. Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy: which is the preferredmethod [J]. Energy Policy,2004,32:1131-1139.
[5] Ang B W. Decomposition of industrial energy consumption: the energy intensityapproach[J]. Energy Economics,1994,16(3):163–174.
[6] Ang B W, Lee S Y. Decomposition of industrial energy consumption: somemethodological and application issues[J]. Energy Economics,1994,16(2):83–92.
[7] Ang B W, Liu F L. A new energy decomposition method: perfect in decomposition andconsistent in aggregation[J]. Energy,2001,26(6):537–548.
[8] Ang B W, Liu F L. Chung H S. Index numbers and the Fisher ideal index approach inenergy decomposition analysis[R]. Singapore: Department of Industrial and Systems,2002.
[9] Ang B W. The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide[J]. EnergyPolicy,2005,33:867-871.
[10] Ang B W, Zhang F Q. A survey of index decomposition analysis in energy andenvironmental studies[J]. Energy,2000,25(12):1149–1176.
[11] Ang B W, Zhang F Q. Choi K H. Factorizing changes in energy and environmentalindicators through decomposition[J]. Energy,1998,23(6):489–495.
[12] Ang J B. CO2emissions, energy consumption, and output in France[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:4772-4778.
[13] Ang J B. Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption inMalaysia[J]. Journal of Policy Modeling,2008,30(2):271-278.
[14] Apergis N, Payne J E. CO2emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America[J].Energy Policy,2009,37:3282-3286.
[15] Baumol W J, Oates W E. The theory of environmental policy[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1988.
[16] Belloumi M. Energy consumption and GDP in Tunisia: co-integration and causalityanalysis[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:2745-2753.
[17] Benkovic S, Kruger J. To trade or not to trade? Criteria for applying cap and trade[J].The Scientific World Journal,2001,1:953-957.
[18] Bentzen J, Engsted T. Short-and long-run elasticities in energy demand: acointegration approach[J]. Energy Economics,1993,15(1):9-16.
[19] Berry R S, Fels M F. Energy cost of automobiles[J]. Science and Public Affairs,1973,10:11-17.
[20] Bhatia R. Energy demand analysis in developing countries: a review[J]. Energy Journal,1987,8:1–33.
[21] Bhattacharyya S C. Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance[M].London: Springer,2011.
[22] Bhattacharyya S C. The power generation and environment: a review of the Indiancase[J]. International Journal of Energy Research,1995,19(3):185-198.
[23] Boyd G A, Hanson D A, Sterner T. Decomposition of changes in energy intensity-acomparison of the Divisia index and other methods[J]. Energy Economics,1988,10(4):309–312.
[24] Boyd G A, McDonald J F, Ross M, Hanson D A. Separating the changing compositionof US manufacturing production from energy efficiency improvements: a Divisiaindex approach[J]. The Energy Journal,1987,8(2):77-96.
[25] Bullard C W, Penner P S, Pilati D A. Net energy analysis_handbook for combiningprocess and input-output analysis[J]. Resource Energy,1978,1:267-313.
[26] Carley S. The Era of State Energy Policy Innovation: A Review of PolicyInstruments[J]. Review of Policy Research,2011,28(3):265-294.
[27] Cellura M, Longo S, Mistretta M. Application of the Structural DecompositionAnalysis to assess the indirect energy consumption and air emission changes related toItalian households consumption[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16:1135-1145.
[28] Chan H N, Lee S K. Modeling and forecasting the demand for coal in China[J]. EnergyEconomics,1997,19:271-287.
[29] Chapman P F, Leach G, Slesser M. The energy cost of fuels[J]. Energy Policy,1974,2:231-243.
[30] Chapman P F. The energy costs of materials[J]. Energy Policy,1975,3:47-57.
[31] Chen S Q, Li N P, Guan J, Xie Y Q, Sun F M, Ni J. A statistical method to investigatenational energy consumption in the residential building sector of China[J]. Energy andbuildings,2008,40:654-665.
[32] Choi K H, Ang B W. Attribution of Changes in Divisia real energy intensity index-Anextension to index decomposition analysis[J]. Energy Economics,2012,34:171-176.
[33] Chung H S, Rhee H C. A residual-free decomposition of the sources of carbon dioxideemissions: a case of the Korean industries[J]. Energy,2001,26(1):15–30.
[34] Chung W, Kam M S, Ip C Y. A study of residential energy use in Hong Kong bydecomposition analysis,1990-2007[J]. Applied Energy,2011,88:5180-5187.
[35] Coondoo D, Dinda S. The carbon dioxide emission and income: a temporal analysis ofcross-country distributional patterns[J]. Ecological Economics,2008,65:375-385.
[36] Crosbie T. Household energy consumption and consumer electronics: The case oftelevision[J]. Energy Policy,2008,36:2191-2199.
[37] Deng X. Private car ownership in China: how important is the effect of income?[C].Annual Conference of Economist,2007, Hobart, Australia.
[38] Dietzenbacher E, Los B. Structural Decomposition Techniques: Sense andSensitivity[J]. Economic Systems Research,1998,10:307-323.
[39] Dinda S. A theoretical basis for the environmental Kuznets curve[J]. EcologicalEconomics,2004,53:403-413.
[40] Dinda S, Coondoo D. Income and emission: a panel data based co-integrationanalysis[J]. Ecological Economics,2006,57:167-181.
[41] DTI. Meeting the energy challenge: a white paper on energy[R]. London: Departmentof Trade and Industry,2007.
[42] Eichhammer W, Schloman B. Methodological issues and relevance in a policy contextof energy efficiency indicators[R]. Tokyo: APERC,1998.
[43] Farahbakhsh H, Ugursal V I, Fung A S. A residential end-use energy consumptionmodel for Canada[J]. International Journal of Energy Research,1998,22:1133-1143.
[44] Farla J C M, Blok K. Energy efficiency andstructur al change in the Netherlands,1980–1995[J]. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2000,4(1):93–117.
[45] Fisher F M, Kaysen C. A study in econometrics: the demand for electricity in theUnited States[J]. American Economics Review,1962,52(4):885-887.
[46] Fisher-Vanden K F, Jefferson G H, Liu H, Tao Q. What is driving China’s decline inenergy intensity?[J]. Resource and Energy Economics,2004,26:77-97.
[47] Fisher-Vandon K F, Jefferson G H, Ma J K, Xu J Y. Technology development andenergy productivity in China[J]. Energy Economics,2006,28:690-705.
[48] Folk H. Employment effects of the Mandatory Deposit Regulation[R]. Chicago andSpringfield: Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality,1972.
[49] Gillingham K, Newell R G, Palmer K. Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy [J].Annual Review of Resource Economics,2009,1(1):597-620.
[50] Gould B W, Kulshreshtha S N. An interindustry analysis of structural change andenergy use linkages in the Saskatchewan economy[J]. Energy Economics,1986,8:186-196.
[51] Gowdy M J, Miller J L. Technological and demand change in energy use: aninput-output analysis[J]. Environment and Planning,1987,19:1387-1398.
[52] Greening L A, Davis W B, Schipper L, Khrushch M. Comparison of six decompositionmethods: application to aggregate energy intensity for manufacturing in10OECDcountries[J]. Energy Economics,1997,19(3):375–390.
[53] Grossman G M, Krueger A B. Environmental impacts of a North American free tradeagreement[R]. MA: National Bureau of Economic Research,1991.
[54] Halicioglu F. An econometric study of CO2emissions, energy consumption, incomeand foreign trade in Turkey[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:1156-1164.
[55] Hannon B. System Energy and Recycling: A Study of the Beverage Industry[R].Urbana: Center for Advanced Computation, University of Illinois,1972.
[56] Hasanbeigi A, Can S R, Sathaye J. Analysis and decomposition of the energy intensityof California industries[J]. Energy Policy,2012,46:234-245.
[57] Haas R. Energy efficiency indicators in the residential sector[J]. Energy Policy,1997,25:789-802.
[58] Hartman R S. Frontiers in energy demand modeling[J]. Annual Review of Energy,1979,4:433-466.
[59] Hatzigeorgiou E, Polatidis H, Haralambopoulos D. CO2emissions in Greece for1990–2002[J]. Energy,2008.33(3):492-499.
[60] Helm D. The assessment: The new energy paradigm[J]. Oxford Review of EconomicPolicy,2005,21(1):1–18.
[61] Herendeen R A. Use of input-output analysis to determine the energy cost of goods andservices[M]//Macrakis M S. Energy: Demand, Conservation, and InstitutionalProblems. MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1973:141-158.
[62] Herendeen R A, Sebald A. The Dollar, Energy and Employment Impacts of CertainConsumer Options[R]. Urbana: University of Illinois,1973.
[63] Herendeen R, Tanaka J. Energy cost of living[J]. Energy,1976,1:165-178.
[64] Herendeen R. Total energy cost of household consumption in Norway[J]. Energy,1978,3:615-630.
[65] Howarth R B, Schipper L, Duerr P A, Strom, S. Manufacturing energy use in eightOECD countries. Energy Economics,1991,13(2):135–142.
[66] Huang J P. Industry energy use and structural change[J]. Energy Economics,1993,4:131-136.
[67] IPCC. Climate change2007: synthesis report[R]. Geneva: intergovernmental panel onclimate change,2007.
[68] Jaffe A B, Newell R G, Stavins R N. Economics of Energy Efficiency[J]. Encyclopediaof Energy,2004,02:79-90.
[69] Kavgic M, Mavrogianni A, Mumovic D, Summerfield A, Stevanovic Z,Djurovic-Petrovic M. A review of bottom-up building stock models for energyconsumption in residential sector[J]. Building and Environment,2010,45:1683-1697.
[70] Kondou Y, Murata A, Yamada K, Sakamoto K, Zhou W S. Study on electricityconsumption for domestic refrigerators, air conditioners, and water dispenser inGuangzhou (China) urban area based on questionnaire data[J]. Journal of the JapanInstitute of Energy,2011,90:554-561.
[71] Kraft J, Kraft A. On the relationship between energy and GNP[J]. Journal of EnergyDevelopment,1978,3:401-403.
[72] Kuznets S. Economic growth and income equality[J]. American Economic Review,1955,49:1-28.
[73] Laitner J A, DeCanio S J, Coomey J G, Sanstand A H. Room for improvement:increasing the value of energy modeling for policy analysis[J]. Utilities Policy,2003,11:87–94.
[74] Leahy E, Lyons S. Energy use and appliance ownership in Ireland[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38:4265-4279.
[75] Lee C C, Lee J D. Income and CO2emissions: evidence from panel unit root andco-integration tests[J]. Energy Policy,2009,3:413-423.
[76] Leontief W, Ford D. Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: aninput-output approach[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics,1970,52:262-271.
[77] Lermit J, Jollands N. Monitoring energy efficiency performance in New Zealand: aconceptual and methodological framework[R]. Wellington: National Energy Efficiencyand Conservation Authority,2001.
[78] Liao H, Fan Y, Wei Y M. What induced China’s energy intensity to fluctuate:1997-2006?[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:4640-4649.
[79] Lim H, Yoo S, Kwak S. Industrial CO2emissions from energy use in Korea: Astructural decomposition analysis[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:686-698.
[80] Linn J. Energy Prices and the Adoption of Energy-saving Technology[J]. TheEconomic Journal,2008,118:1986-2012.
[81] Liu X Q, Ang B W, Ong H L. The application of the Divisia index to thedecomposition of changes in industrial energy consumption[J]. Energy Journal,1992,13(4):161–177.
[82] Ma C B, Stem D I. China’s Changing Energy Intensity Trend: A DecompositionAnalysis[J]. Energy Economics,2008,30:1037-1053.
[83] Managi S, Jena P R. Environmental productivity and Kuznets curve in India[J].Ecological Economics,2008,65:432-440.
[84] Martinez-Zarzoso I, Bengochea-Morancho A. Pooled mean group estimation of anenvironmental Kuznets curve for CO2[J]. Economics Letter,2004,82:121-126.
[85] Mehrara M. Energy consumption and economic growth: the case of oil exportingcountries[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:2939-2945.
[86] Menz F C, Seip H M. Acid rain in Europe and the United States: an update[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2004,7(4):253-265.
[87] Murata A, Kondou Y, Mu H L, Zhou W S. Electricity demand in the Chinese urbanhousehold-sector[J]. Applied Energy,2008,85:1113-1125.
[88] Narayan P K, Narayan S, Prasad A. A structural VAR analysis of electricityconsumption and real GDP: evidence from the G7countries[J]. Energy Policy,2008,36:2765-2769.
[89] Nie H G, Kemp R. Why did energy intensity fluctuate during2000-2009?[J]. Energyfor Sustainable Development,2013,17:482-488.
[90] ODYSSEE. Aggregate energy efficiency indicators in ODYSSEE forindustry[C/OL].1999.http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/Publication/PDF/indic-ind.pdf.
[91] Ouyang J L, Ge J, Hokao K. Economic analysis of energy-saving renovation measuresfor urban existing residential buildings in China based on thermal simulation and siteinvestigation[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:140-149.
[92] Pao H T. Forecast of electricity consumption and economic growth in Taiwan by statespace modeling[J]. Energy,2009,34:1779-1791.
[93] Pao H T, Tsai C M. CO2emissions, energy consumption and economic growth inBRIC countries[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38:7850-7860.
[94] Pao H T, Tsai C M. Multivariate Granger causality between CO2emissions, energyconsumption, FDI and GDP: evidence from a panel of BRIC countries[J]. Energy,2011,36:685-693.
[95] Park S H. Decomposition of industrial energy consumption-an alternative method.Energy Economics,1992,14(4):265–270.
[96] Patterson M G. What is energy efficiency?[J]. Energy Policy,1996,24:377-390.
[97] Peng Y, Shi C. Determinants of Carbon Emissions Growth in China: A StructuralDecomposition Analysis[J]. Energy Procedia,2011,5:169-175.
[98] Pilati D A. Energy analysis of electricity supply and energy conservation options[J].Energy,1976,2:1-7.
[99] Pindyck R S. The structure of world energy demand[M]. Cambridge: The MIT Press,1979.
[100] Popp D. The Effect of New Technology on Energy Consumption[J]. Resource andEnergy Economics,2001,23,215-239.
[101] Qiu D X, Ma Y Q, Lu Y Y, Wang Q Z, Zhu Z L. Household energy consumption inBeijing and Nanning, China[J]. Energy,1994,19:529-538.
[102] Reitler W, Rudolph M, Schaefer H. Analysis of the factors influencing energyconsumption in industry: a revised method[J]. Energy Economics,1987,14(1):49–56.
[103] Rennings K, Rammer C. Increasing Energy and Resource Efficiency throughInnovation[J]. Journal of Economics and Finance,2009,59:442-459.
[104] Riley K. Moter vehicles in China: the impact of demographic and economicchanges[J]. Population and Environment,2002,23:479-494.
[105] Rose A, Casler S. Input-output structural decomposition analysis: a criticalappraisal[J]. Economic Systems Research,1996,8:33-62.
[106] Rotty R M, Perry A M, Reister D B. Net Energy from Nuclear Power[R]. TN:Institute for Energy Analysis, Oak Ridge Associated Universities,1975.
[107] Ruijven B, Vries B, Vuuren D P, Sluijs J P. A global model for residential energy use:Uncertainty in calibration to regional data[J]. Energy,2010,35:269-282.
[108] Saidur R, Masjuki H H, Jamaluddin M Y. An application of energy and exergyanalysis in residential sector of Malaysia[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35:1050-1063.
[109] Sinton J E, Levine M D. Changing energy intensity in Chinese industry[J]. EnergyPolicy,1994,3:239-255.
[110] Schwela D, Gopalan H. Ambient air pollution and emerging issues inmegacities[M].//Haq G, Han W, Kim C. Urban air pollution management and practicein major and mega cities of Asia. Korea: Korea Environment Institute,2002.
[111] Soytas U, Sari R. Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions:challenges faced by an EU candidate member[J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68:2706-2712.
[112] Soytas U, Sari R, Ewing B T. Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions inthe United States[J]. Ecological Economics,2007,62:482-489.
[113] Stern D I. The environmental Kuznets curve[J/OL]. Encyclopedia of EcologicalEconomics,[2003-06]. http://www.ecoeco.org/pdf/stern.pdf
[114] Stern D I. The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve[J]. WorldDevelopment,2004,32:1419-1439.
[115] Su B, Ang B W. Structural decomposition analysis applied to energy and emissions:Some methodological developments[J]. Energy Economics,2012,34:177-188.
[116] Sundqvist T. What causes the disparity of electricity externality estimates?[J]. EnergyPolicy,2004,32(15):1753-1766.
[117] Sundqvist T, Soderholm P. Valuing the environmental impacts of electricitygeneration: acritical survey[J]. Journal of Energy Lit,2002,8(2):3-41.
[118] Sun J W. Changes in energy consumption andenergy intensity: a completedecomposition model[J]. Energy Economics,1998,20(1):85–100.
[119] Swan L G, Ugursal, V I. Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residentialsector: A review of modeling techniques[J]. Renewable and Sustainable EnergyReviews,2009,13:1819-1835.
[120] UNDP. World energy assessment: overview2004update[R]. New York: UnitedNational Development Programme,2004.
[121] UNEP. Global environment outlook3: past, present and future outlook[R]. Nairobi:United Nations Environment Programme,2002.
[122] UN. World urbanisation prospects: the2009revision[R]. New York: Department ofEconomic and Social Affairs, United Nations,2009.
[123] Vukina T. Energy and the environment—some key issues[R]. Washington DC: WorldBank,1992.
[124] Wachsmann U, Wood R, Lenzen M, Schaeffer R. Structural decomposition of energyuse in Brazil from1970to1996[J]. Applied Energy,2009,86:578-587.
[125] Wade S H. Measuring change in energy efficiency for the annual energy outlook2002[R]. Washington D C: Department of Energy,2002.
[126] Wang X H, Feng Z M. Study on affecting factors and standard of rural householdenergy consumption in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2005,9:101-110.
[127] Webber D, Allen D. Environmental Kuznets curves: mess or meaning?[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development&World Ecology,2010,17(3):198-207.
[128] WEC. World energy assessment2000[R]. London: World Energy Council,2000.
[129] WEO. World energy outlook2006[R]. Paris: International Energy Agency,2006.
[130] Wood R. Structural decomposition analysis of Australia’s greenhouse gasemissions[J]. Energy Policy,2009,37:4943-4948.
[131] Worrel E, Ramesohl S, Boyd G. Advances in energy forecasting models based onengineering economics[J]. Annual Review of Environment and Resources,2004,29:345–381.
[132] Xia Y, Yang C H, Chen X K. Structural decomposition analysis on China’s energyintensity Change for1987-2005[J]. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity,2012,15:156-166.
[133] Zha D L, Zhou D Q, Zhou P. Driving forces of residential CO2emissions in urbanand rural China: An index decomposition analysis[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38:3377-3383.
[134] Zhan L Y, Ju M T, Liu J P. Improvement of China Energy Label System to promotesustainable energy consumption[J]. Energy Procedia,2011,5:2308-2315.
[135] Zhang M, Li H N, Zhou M, Mu HL. Decomposition analysis of energy consumptionin Chinese transportation sector[J]. Applied Energy,2011,88:2279-2285.
[136] Zhang Q Y. Residential energy consumption in China and its comparison with Japan,Canada, and USA[J]. Energy and Building,2004,36:1217-1225.
[137] Zhang Y G. Structural decomposition analysis of sources of decarbonizing economicdevelopment in China:1992-2006[J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68:2399-2405.
[138] Zhang Y G. Supply-side structural effect on carbon emissions in China[J]. EnergyEconomics,2010,32:186-193.
[139] Zhang Z X. Why did the energy intensity fall in China’s industrial sector in the1990s?The relative importance of structural change and intensity change[J]. EnergyEconomics,2003,25:625-638.
[140] Zhang X P, Cheng X M. Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economicgrowth in China[J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68:2706-2712.
[141] Zhao X L, Li N, Ma C B. Residential energy consumption in urban China: Adecomposition analysis[J]. Energy Policy,2012,41:644-653.
[142] Zhu H, Brambley M R, Morgan RP. Household energy consumption in the People’sRepublic of China[J]. Energy,1983,8:763-774.
[143]陈首丽,马立平.我国能源消费与经济增长效应的统计分析[J].管理世界,2010(1):167-168.
[144]陈书通.我国未来经济增长与能源消费关系研究[J].中国工业经济,1996(9):21-26.
[145]陈雅琳,高吉喜,他咏红.中国化石能源以生物质能源替代的潜力及环境效应研究[J].中国环境科学,201030(10):1425-1431.
[146]陈黎明,邓玲玲.我国3E系统协调度测度及其影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2012(16):126-129.
[147]陈剩勇,孙仕祺.产能过剩的中国特色、形成机制与治理对策[J].南京社会科学,2013(5):7-14.
[148]陈佳贵.调整和优化产业结构促进经济可持续发展[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2011(2):5-13.
[149]成艳,聂锐,张炎治.我国能源强度变动的多层分解分析[J].中国矿业,200918(8):34-38.
[150]程懋辉.论能源消费经济效益的考核指标体系与综合评价方法[J].统计研究,1990(5):45-47.
[151]蔡风景,李元.我国能源消费和经济增长的因果关系研究[J].统计与决策,2008(9):118-120.
[152]崔和瑞,王娣.基于VAR模型的我国能源-经济-环境（3E）系统研究[J].北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）,201012(1):23-28.
[153]崔立志.能源、经济和环境复合系统演化路径实证分析[J].软科学,201327(7):37-41.
[154]邓玉勇,杜铭华,雷仲敏.基于能源-经济-环境（3E）系统的模型方法研究综述[J].甘肃社会科学,2006(3):209-212.
[155]刁心柯,唐安宝.能源价格变动对能源效率影响研究[J].中国矿业,2012(6):37-41.
[156]董军,张旭.中国工业部门能耗碳排放分解与低碳策略研究[J].资源科学，201032(10):1856-1862.
[157]杜慧滨,顾培亮.区域发展中的能源-经济-环境复杂系统[J].天津大学学报（社会科学版）,20057(5):362-365.
[158]耿同劲.我国刺激消费政府的实证检验[J].数理经济技术经济研究,2004(4):22-25.
[159]郭平,彭妮娅.我国居民收入提升对增加消费有效性的地域分异研究[J].财经理论与实践,201233(176):80-84.
[160]郭朝先.中国碳排放因素分解：基于LMDI分解技术[J].中国人口资源与环境,201020(12):4-9.
[161]国娟.我国能源消费与环境污染关系的分析[J].商业经济,2008(8):8-9.
[162]韩颖,马萍,刘璐.一种能源消耗强度影响因素分解的新方法[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010(4):137-147.
[163]何凌云,薛永刚.要素价格变动对能源效率影响的差异性研究[J].管理现代化,2011（3）:6-8.
[164]何跃,许沛沛.我国能源强度影响因素分析及建议[J].统计与决策,2011(22):86-88.
[165]黄敏,赫英.中国能源消费与经济增长关系的模型与实证[J].统计观察,2006(11):69-71.
[166]胡萌,李坤,乔晗.山东省能源消费强度变动的结构及效率效应[J].中国人口资源与环境,201121(5):164-169.
[167]胡绍雨.我国能源、经济与环境协调发展分析[J].技术经济与管理研究,2013(4):78-82.
[168]贾军,张卓.中国高技术产业技术创新与能源效率协同发展实证研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,201323(2):36-42.
[169]金忠义.上海能源消费结构与生态环境研究[J].财经研究,1993(2):44-48.
[170]雷明.资源-经济-环境投入产出核算应用研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1998(11):59-63.
[171]李爱军.基于投入产出模型的湖北省能源强度分解[J].统计与决策,2008(3):93-97.
[172]李从欣,李国柱.能源消费与环境污染关系的实证研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2009(1):37-38.
[173]李国璋,王双.区域能源强度变动：基于GFI的因素分解分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,200818(4):62-66.
[174]李立.试用投入产出法分析中国的能源消费和环境问题[J].统计研究,1994(5):56-61.
[175]李力,韩丽媛.基于能源-经济-环境DEA分析的我国工业发展效率评价研究[J].科技管理研究,2008(5):93-95.
[176]张明,李华楠,穆海林.我国能源相关二氧化碳排放的影响因素贡献度分析[J].统计与决策,2011(15):85-88.
[177]李艳梅,张雷,程晓凌.中国碳排放变化的因素分解与减排途径分析[J].资源科学201032(2):218-222.
[178]林伯强,姚昕,刘希颖.节能和碳排放约束下的中国能源结构战略调整[J].中国社会科学,2010(1):59-71.
[179]刘成杰,张桂香.我国能源消费与经济增长的关系分析[J].统计观察,2006(5):57-58.
[180]刘凤朝,刘源远,潘雄锋.中国经济增长和能源消费的动态特征[J].资源科学,200729(5):63-68.
[181]刘广为,赵涛.中国碳排放强度影响因素的动态效应分析[J].资源科学,201234(11):2106-2114.
[182]刘海莺,赵莹.能源消费与中国经济增长关系的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2011(3):128-129.
[183]刘静华,贾仁安,涂国平.1995-2007年中国能源消费强度的分解模型及实证分析[J].资源科学32(10):1846-1855.
[184]刘星.能源对中国经济增长制约作用的实证研究[J].数理统计与管理,200625(4):443-447.
[185]吕钦.中国能源消费及结构与经济增长的关系研究[J].科技管理研究,2013(9):179-182.
[186]马洪范.实现消费主导战略转型与宏观消费政策选择[J].税务研究,2012(11):3-8.
[187]马歇尔伊利莎白.从世界能源经济角度看中国亟待解决的环境问题[J].管理世界,1990(3):173-176.
[188]牟敦国.中国能源消费与经济增长的因果关系研究[J].厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版），2008（2）：100-107.
[189]穆献中,刘炳义.新能源和可再生能源发展与产业化研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
[190]聂洪光.生态创新理论研究现状与前景展望[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）,201214(3):126-132.
[191]齐绍洲,云波,李锴.中国经济增长与能源消费强度差异的收敛性及机理分析[J].经济研究,2009(4):56-64.
[192]秦翊,侯莉.广东能源消费碳排放影响因素分解分析[J].科技管理研究,2013(12):224-227.
[193]钱晓英,杨娟.能源消费与中国经济增长关系的统计检验[J].统计与决策，2009(6):102-105.
[194]邱寿丰.中国能源强度变化的区域影响分析[J].数理经济技术经济研究,2008(12):37-48.
[195]染洁,史安娜,朱恒金.江苏省碳排放强度变化趋势及其影响因素分析[J].南京社会科学,2013(5):143-148.
[196]尚红云,蒋萍.中国能源消耗变动影响因素的结构分解[J].资源科学,200931(2):214-223.
[197]施凤丹.中国能源消费与经济增长实证研究[J].商业经济与管理,2009(5):68-71.
[198]宋德勇,卢忠宝.中国碳排放影响因素分解及其周期性波动研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,200919(3):18-24.
[199]宋敬阳.改善能源结构控制大气污染[J].环境科学研究,19958(5):45-48.
[200]宋佩珊,计军平,马晓明.广东省能源消费碳排放增长的结构分解分析[J].资源科学,201234(3):551-558.
[201]孙鹏,顾晓薇,刘敬智,王青.中国能源消费的分解分析[J].资源科学,200527(5):15-19.
[202]万浪.中国能源经济的发展和前景[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1984(10):3-10.
[203]汪宏韬.基于LMDI的上海市能源消费碳排放实证分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,201020(5):143-146.
[204]王迪,聂锐.江苏省节能减排影响因素及其效应比较[J].资源科学,32(7):1252-1258.
[205]王海鹏,田澎,靳萍.基于变参数模型的中国能源消费经济增长关系研究[J].数理统计与管理,200625(3):253-258.
[206]王火根,沈利生.中国经济增长与能源消费空间面板分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(12):98-107.
[207]王红瑞,蔡越虹,王岩,赵玉霞.人口、能源消费、经济发展对环境影响的定量分析[J].北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）,199935(1):123-126.
[208]王会青,谷志红,牛东晓.能源消费与经济增长的实证及预测[J].统计与决策,2009(5):108-110.
[209]王俊岭,赵瑞芬,王贤.能源-经济-环境（3E）系统和谐评价研究[J].经济与管理,201226(9):94-97.
[210]王俊松,贺灿飞.技术进步、结构变动与中国能源利用效率[J].中国人口资源与环境,200919(2):157-161.
[211]王凯,李娟,唐宇凌,刘浩龙.中国服务业能源消费碳排放量核算及影响因素分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,201323(5):21-28.
[212]王群伟,周德群,张柳婷.影响我国能源强度变动的因素探析[J].统计与决策,2008(8):72-74.
[213]王姗姗,徐吉辉,邱长溶.能源能费与环境污染的边限协整分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,201020(4):69-73.
[214]王妍,石敏俊.中国城镇居民生活消费诱发的完全能源消耗[J].资源科学,200931(12):2093-2100.
[215]王勇.我国石油价格形成机制改革深化的难点及对策[J].宏观经济管理,2009(9):41-42.
[216]王振国.能源经济学的研究趋势[J].社会科学战线,1988(3):38-42.
[217]隗斌贤.经济增长的能源障碍分析与对策[J].中国软科学,1996(6):48-56.
[218]魏一鸣,吴刚,刘兰翠,范英.能源-经济-环境复杂系统建模与应用进展[J].管理学报,20052(2):159-170.
[219]徐寿波.论能源经济发展的客观规律[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1989(11):18-23.
[220]许士春,习蓉,何正霞.中国能源消耗碳排放的影响因素分析及政策启示[J].资源科学,201234(1):2-12.
[221]夏艳清.我国工业能源消费及污染排放演变机理研究[J].软科学,201125(10):59-64.
[222]徐士元,陈军,姚西龙.研发投入与市场化进程对中国能源效率的影响[J].中国科技论坛,2009(9):13-17.
[223]徐士元.技术进步对能源效率影响的实证分析[J].科研管理,200930(6):16-24.
[224]薛勇,郭菊娥,孟磊.中国CO2排放的影响因素分解与预测[J].中国人口资源与环境,201121(5):106-112.
[225]鄢琼伟,陈浩.GDP与能源消费之间的关系研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,201121(7):13-19.
[226]晏艳阳,宋美喆.我国3E系统内部关系及影响因素的实证研究[J].经济学动态,2011(1):46-49.
[227]杨玉珍.我国生态、环境、经济系统耦合协调测度方法综述[J].科技管理研究,2013(4):236-239.
[228]叶红,黄静,崔胜辉.半城市化区域能源-经济-环境关系分析[J].生态环境学报,200918(4):134-1350.
[229]尹建华,王兆华.中国能源消费与经济增长间关系的实证研究[J].科研管理,2011(7):122-129.
[230]于风玲,陈建宏.基于灰色关联与优势分析的能源消费与工业环境污染的实证研究[J].环境污染与防治,34(11):93-97.
[231]岳婷,龙如银.基于LMDI的江苏省能源消费总量增长效应分析[J].资源科学,32(7):1266-1271.
[232]詹国华,陈治理.我国技术进步对能源效率影响的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2013(1):150-153.
[233]张阿玲,李继峰.构建中国的能源-经济-环境系统评价模型[J].清华大学学报（自然科学版）,200747(9):1537-1540.
[234]张旺,周跃云.基于结构分解法的北京市能源碳排放增量分析[J].资源科学,201335(2):275-283.
[235]张伟,张金锁,邹绍辉,许建.基于LMDI的陕西省能源消费碳排放因素分解研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,201327(9):26-31.
[236]张晓平,孙磊.中国工业能源消费强度变化的分解分析[J].资源科学,201032(9):1685-1691.
[237]张征华,彭迪云.中国二氧化碳排放影响因素实证研究综述[J].生态经济,2013(6):50-54.
[238]张志良.甘肃人口增长对能源与环境的压力及其对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,19904(2):41-48.
[239]张宗成,周猛.我国经济增长与能源消费的异常关系分析[J].上海经济研究,2004(4):41-45.
[240]赵芳.中国能源-经济-环境（3E）协调发展状态的实证研究[J].经济学家,2009(12):35-41.
[241]赵进文,范继涛.经济增长与能源消费内在依从关系的实证研究[J].经济研究,2007(8):31-42.
[242]赵湘莲,李岩岩,陆敏.我国能源消费与经济增长的空间计量分析[J].软科学,201226(3):33-38.
[243]赵涛,李晅煜.能源-经济-环境（3E）系统协调度评价模型研究[J].北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）,200810(2):11-16.
[244]赵志耘,杨朝峰.中国碳排放驱因素分解分析[J].中国软科学,2012(6):175-183.
[245]曾胜,郑贤贵,饶呈祥.我国能源消费结构与经济增长的关联关系分析[J].软科学,2009(8):65-68.
[246]郑博福,邓红兵,严岩,赵景柱.我国未来能源消费及其对环境的影响分析[J].环境科学,200526(5):1-6.
[247]周劲,付保宗.工业领域产能过剩形成机制及对策建议[J].宏观经济管理,2011(10):33-35.
[248]周虓岗,尹海涛.中国产业能源强度的因素分解分析[J].西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）,201339(5):599-604.
[249]周元春,邹骥.中国发展低碳经济的影响因素与对策思考[J].统计与决策,2009(23):99-101.
[250]朱聆,张真.上海市碳排放强度的影响因素解析[J].环境科学研究,201124(1):20-26.
[251]朱勤,彭希哲,陆志明,吴开亚.中国能源消费碳排放变化的因素分解及实证分析[J].资源科学,200931(12):2072-2079.
[252]朱勤,彭希哲,吴开亚.基于结构分解的居民消费品载能碳排放变动分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(1):65-77.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |