鹤岗矿区石头河子组层序地层格架与构造控煤分析
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摘要
鹤岗煤盆地的生成和发展经历了早白垩世早期的断陷期、早白垩世晚期的坳陷期、晚白垩世时期~古近系的裂陷期、古近纪时期的断坳期、新近纪和第四纪时期上升期5个阶段。鹤岗矿区的煤层赋存状况、矿井地质构造等均主要受控于燕山中～喜山中期构造作用的控制,盆地的形成过程是由拉张到剪切型,在后期应力场转化时,由左行张剪转化为右行压剪,使盆地西翼抬升遭到剥蚀破坏,东翼沉降倾没,埋藏保存。
通过对构造要素的统计分析,总结了矿区构造发育的方向、成带性、等距性等规律。采用回归分析等数理统计方法等对小断层、小褶皱等构造要素进行统计分析。趋势面分析表明,南部矿区30煤层有益厚度五次趋势面呈由西向东及由北向南变薄的趋势。
受多期运动的影响,矿区断裂构造在平面上的展布具有南北分区、东西分异的性质:北部较南部断裂密度大,构造较复杂;矿区东部发育规模较大的倾斜正断层,落差较大,使矿区地层遭到较大破坏。煤田以断裂构造为主,局部伴有平缓褶曲,并伴有多期火山喷发活动,在盆地的东部和北部,中酸性火成岩沿着断裂活动强烈。控煤构造样式可分为反斜断块型、顺斜断块型、斜交断块型、堑垒型、逆冲型五类。
对鹤岗盆地石头河子组进行了高分辨率层序地层学分析,将石头河子组划分为1个长期基准面旋回,在长期基准面旋回中划分出5个中期基准面旋回,每个中期基准面旋回由若干个短期基准面旋回组成。短期基准面旋回包括基准面上升的非对称旋回、基准面下降的非对称旋回、对称基准面旋回3种类型。以中期基准面半旋回为基本单元研究了本区石头河子组沉积期的岩相古地理特征及其演化规律,揭示了层序岩相古地理对聚煤作用的控制。分析发现本区长期基准面旋回很好地控制了聚煤作用的演化。在长期基准面上升的过程,聚煤作用由差变好,聚煤强度由弱变强,煤层的稳定性由不稳定向较稳定或稳定发展;长期基准面下降的过程,聚煤作用由好变差,聚煤强度由强变弱,煤层的稳定性由较稳定或稳定向不稳定发展。
The growth and development of Hegang Basin have experienced 5 phases of rift epoch in the early Early Cretaceous age, depression period in late Early Cretaceous age, chasmic stage in the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene age, fault depression period in Paleogene and rising stage in Neogene and Quaternery. The distribution status, geological structure and other features of coal in Hegang Mine Area are mainly controlled by tectonism in Middle Yanshanian-Middle Himalayan Epoch. The formation of Hegang Basin has gone through such an process: first the transition from pull-apart to shear type, and then the tansformation from left-lateral tensile shear into right-lateral compressive shear type when the late tectonic stress field was changed. As a result, the west wing of the basin was uplifted and then damaged by erosion, while the left wing of the basin subsided and was plunged to be buried.
According to the statistical analysis to the structural elements, some rules about the tectonic development in the mine area can be concluded, including the orientation, tapability and equidistance, etc. Mathematical Statistics methods, such as regression analysis and so on, are used to make an statistical analysis on tectonic elements of minor faults and minor folds. The trend surface analysis suggets that the 5 times of trend surface of favourable thickness of No.30 coal seam in the southern area of the mine show the thinning trend from west to east and from north to south.
Influenced by multistage tectonic movements, the distribution of the fault structures in Hegang Mine on the plane is characterized by division of the north and the south, and the difference between the west and the east——compared to the southern area, fracture density is greater and structures are more complex in the northern area; at the same time, larger inclined normal faults were developed in the eastern area, with larger displacement, which caused that the strata in the mine area were greatly destroyed. The structure of the mine is mainly composed of faults, partially along with gently folds, also accompanied by multistage volcanic spurting. In the east and the north of this basin, intermediate acidity igneous rock was intensively activated along the faults. The coal controlling structures can be divided into 5 styles, namely anti-oblique fault-block style, conclinal fault-block style, oblique fault-block style, trenched style and obduction style.
Based on the high resolution Sequence stratigraphy analysis of Shitouhezi Fm in Hegang Basin, we can divided it into one long-term base cycle, which also can be divided into 5 medium-term base cycles, made up of some short-term base cycles. Besides, short-term base cycles can be classified into 3 styles——asymmetrical cycle with rised base level, asymmetrical cycle with declined base level and symmetrical base cycle.
Considered the medium-term base half cycle as the basic element, the research is focused on the lithofacies paleogeographic characters and their evolution laws so as to reveal the controlling roles of lithofacies paleogeography of sequence on the coal accumulation. It is discovered by the research that the long-term base cycle played an important role on controlling the coal accumulation. During the rising process of long-term base level, coal accumulation was getting better, while the intensity of coal accumulation was getting stronger, with the steability of coal bed developing better from worse. Conversely, during the descending process of the long-term based level, they worked on the contrary way.
通过对构造要素的统计分析,总结了矿区构造发育的方向、成带性、等距性等规律。采用回归分析等数理统计方法等对小断层、小褶皱等构造要素进行统计分析。趋势面分析表明,南部矿区30煤层有益厚度五次趋势面呈由西向东及由北向南变薄的趋势。
受多期运动的影响,矿区断裂构造在平面上的展布具有南北分区、东西分异的性质:北部较南部断裂密度大,构造较复杂;矿区东部发育规模较大的倾斜正断层,落差较大,使矿区地层遭到较大破坏。煤田以断裂构造为主,局部伴有平缓褶曲,并伴有多期火山喷发活动,在盆地的东部和北部,中酸性火成岩沿着断裂活动强烈。控煤构造样式可分为反斜断块型、顺斜断块型、斜交断块型、堑垒型、逆冲型五类。
对鹤岗盆地石头河子组进行了高分辨率层序地层学分析,将石头河子组划分为1个长期基准面旋回,在长期基准面旋回中划分出5个中期基准面旋回,每个中期基准面旋回由若干个短期基准面旋回组成。短期基准面旋回包括基准面上升的非对称旋回、基准面下降的非对称旋回、对称基准面旋回3种类型。以中期基准面半旋回为基本单元研究了本区石头河子组沉积期的岩相古地理特征及其演化规律,揭示了层序岩相古地理对聚煤作用的控制。分析发现本区长期基准面旋回很好地控制了聚煤作用的演化。在长期基准面上升的过程,聚煤作用由差变好,聚煤强度由弱变强,煤层的稳定性由不稳定向较稳定或稳定发展;长期基准面下降的过程,聚煤作用由好变差,聚煤强度由强变弱,煤层的稳定性由较稳定或稳定向不稳定发展。
The growth and development of Hegang Basin have experienced 5 phases of rift epoch in the early Early Cretaceous age, depression period in late Early Cretaceous age, chasmic stage in the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene age, fault depression period in Paleogene and rising stage in Neogene and Quaternery. The distribution status, geological structure and other features of coal in Hegang Mine Area are mainly controlled by tectonism in Middle Yanshanian-Middle Himalayan Epoch. The formation of Hegang Basin has gone through such an process: first the transition from pull-apart to shear type, and then the tansformation from left-lateral tensile shear into right-lateral compressive shear type when the late tectonic stress field was changed. As a result, the west wing of the basin was uplifted and then damaged by erosion, while the left wing of the basin subsided and was plunged to be buried.
According to the statistical analysis to the structural elements, some rules about the tectonic development in the mine area can be concluded, including the orientation, tapability and equidistance, etc. Mathematical Statistics methods, such as regression analysis and so on, are used to make an statistical analysis on tectonic elements of minor faults and minor folds. The trend surface analysis suggets that the 5 times of trend surface of favourable thickness of No.30 coal seam in the southern area of the mine show the thinning trend from west to east and from north to south.
Influenced by multistage tectonic movements, the distribution of the fault structures in Hegang Mine on the plane is characterized by division of the north and the south, and the difference between the west and the east——compared to the southern area, fracture density is greater and structures are more complex in the northern area; at the same time, larger inclined normal faults were developed in the eastern area, with larger displacement, which caused that the strata in the mine area were greatly destroyed. The structure of the mine is mainly composed of faults, partially along with gently folds, also accompanied by multistage volcanic spurting. In the east and the north of this basin, intermediate acidity igneous rock was intensively activated along the faults. The coal controlling structures can be divided into 5 styles, namely anti-oblique fault-block style, conclinal fault-block style, oblique fault-block style, trenched style and obduction style.
Based on the high resolution Sequence stratigraphy analysis of Shitouhezi Fm in Hegang Basin, we can divided it into one long-term base cycle, which also can be divided into 5 medium-term base cycles, made up of some short-term base cycles. Besides, short-term base cycles can be classified into 3 styles——asymmetrical cycle with rised base level, asymmetrical cycle with declined base level and symmetrical base cycle.
Considered the medium-term base half cycle as the basic element, the research is focused on the lithofacies paleogeographic characters and their evolution laws so as to reveal the controlling roles of lithofacies paleogeography of sequence on the coal accumulation. It is discovered by the research that the long-term base cycle played an important role on controlling the coal accumulation. During the rising process of long-term base level, coal accumulation was getting better, while the intensity of coal accumulation was getting stronger, with the steability of coal bed developing better from worse. Conversely, during the descending process of the long-term based level, they worked on the contrary way.
引文
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