基于AMD和爆破荷载耦合作用下的深凹露天矿边坡失稳研究
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摘要
AMD是化工(金属)矿边坡体破坏的一种特殊方式,与爆炸应力波共同对边坡体产生作用.新桥深凹露天矿边坡岩体的原位剪切试验、点载荷试验、室内模拟AMD作用试验表明:AMD蚀化后的石英砂岩,岩体层面间的抗剪强度和粘聚力减小的幅值约为13.2%～21.3%;层面间内摩擦角减小幅值在5.0%～7.5%之间;AMD一般影响垂直边坡体内部在60～100m范围内的岩体力学性质.数值分析表明:(1)AMD对边坡体的作用主要集中在弱化区域内,边坡体的底脚和AMD作用中心区域的剪切应力减少了52.0%和64.7%;(2)随着边坡体高度和距离的增加,远场爆炸应力波对边坡扰动幅值的增加趋势明显,边坡顶部和断层部位的响应突出,损伤效应明显;边坡底脚扰动幅值最小,临空面附近台阶的扰动幅值明显大于边坡体内部;(3)AMD与爆破荷载耦合作用后,边坡体内部的应力分布主要呈现出爆炸应力场的特征,AMD影响区域形成了一个剪切应力弱区.台阶顶部最大剪切应力比单一爆炸应力场增加了1.63倍,形成了一个不稳定的弱区.图12,表3,参14.
AMD is a special breakdown method of slope in chemical (metal) mine, having absolutely impact on slope together with stress wave from explosion. Home position shear tests of slope rock, point loading tests and indoor AMD simulation action tests in XingQiao concave slope had show shearing strength and coherence between body layers of quartz sandstone decrease by 13.2%~21.3% after attacked by AMD, the angle of internal friction between layers is decreased by 5.0%~7.5%, in general, AMD affects the rocks mechanical property at range of 60~100 m interior the perpendicular slop. Data analysis shows: 1) The actions to slope are major focused on zone of weakness, shearing strength of slope foot and AMD centre are reduced by 52% and 64.7% separately. 2) The explosion stress wave of long distance field has obviously increasing influence to disturbance amplitude value of slope with increasing of the slope height and distance, the response of the top of slope and fault region are obvious as well as damage effect; the foot of slope is with smallest disturbance amplitude value, the disturbance amplitude value of the step close to free face is obviously bigger than the interior of slope. 3) With the coupling effect of the AMD and explosion loading, the stress distribution inside of slope mainly presents characters of explosion stress field; the area affected by AMD becomes a weak area of shearing stress. The maximum shearing stress on the top of step increased by 1.63 times comparing with single explosion stress field, an unstable weak area is formed.12figs.,3tebs.,14refs.
AMD is a special breakdown method of slope in chemical (metal) mine, having absolutely impact on slope together with stress wave from explosion. Home position shear tests of slope rock, point loading tests and indoor AMD simulation action tests in XingQiao concave slope had show shearing strength and coherence between body layers of quartz sandstone decrease by 13.2%~21.3% after attacked by AMD, the angle of internal friction between layers is decreased by 5.0%~7.5%, in general, AMD affects the rocks mechanical property at range of 60~100 m interior the perpendicular slop. Data analysis shows: 1) The actions to slope are major focused on zone of weakness, shearing strength of slope foot and AMD centre are reduced by 52% and 64.7% separately. 2) The explosion stress wave of long distance field has obviously increasing influence to disturbance amplitude value of slope with increasing of the slope height and distance, the response of the top of slope and fault region are obvious as well as damage effect; the foot of slope is with smallest disturbance amplitude value, the disturbance amplitude value of the step close to free face is obviously bigger than the interior of slope. 3) With the coupling effect of the AMD and explosion loading, the stress distribution inside of slope mainly presents characters of explosion stress field; the area affected by AMD becomes a weak area of shearing stress. The maximum shearing stress on the top of step increased by 1.63 times comparing with single explosion stress field, an unstable weak area is formed.12figs.,3tebs.,14refs.
引文
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[12]彭德红.露天矿边坡开挖爆破震动动力响应分析[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(6):705-709.PENG De-hong.Analysis of Dynamic Response on Blasting Vibration about Excavated Slope in a Surface Mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(6):705-709.
[13]王环玲,徐卫亚.高烈度区水电工程岩石高边坡三维地震动力响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S2):5890-5895.WANG Huan-ling,XU Wei-ya.3D Dynamical Response Analysis of High Rock Slope Related to Hydropower Project in High Intensive Seismic Region[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S2):5890-5895.
[14]曲志明,周心权,贾磊,等.苍道瓦斯爆轰衰减规律及参数分析[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(2):1-4.QU Zhi-ming,ZHOU Xin-quan,JIA Lei,et al.The Study on Attenuation Characteristics and parameter Analysis in Roadway during Gas Detouation[J].Journal of Hunan University of science and Techpology,2006,21(2):1-4.
[2]SracekO,Choquette M,Gelinas P,et al.Geochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage from A Waste Rock Pile,Mine Doyon,Quebec,Canada[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology2004(69):45-71.
[3]VANDIVIERE MM,EVANGELOU V P.Comparative Testingbetween Conventional and Micro Encapsulation Approaches in Controlling Pyrite Oxidation[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1998(64):161-176.
[4]孙玉科.中国露天矿边坡稳定性研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.SUN Yu-ke.The Slope Stability Research in Chinese Open-Mine[M].Beijing:China Science TechnologypublishingHouse,1999.
[5]张楚灵.云浮硫铁矿地质灾害及其防治[J].采矿技术,2001,(1):44-45.ZHANG Chu-ling.The Geological Hazards and Preservation in Yunfu pyrite mine[J].Mining Technology,2001,(1):44-45.
[6]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报2003,22(11):1887-1891.LI Hai-bo,JIANG Hui-jun,ZHAO Jian.Some Problems about Safety Analysis ofRock Engineeringunder Dynamic Load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1887-1891.
[7]王代华,刘军.露天边坡在爆破作用下损伤特征的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(5):532-535.WANG Dai-hua,LIU Jun.Experimental Study on the Damage Characteristics of the Slope under Blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(5):532-535.
[8]汤连生,张鹏程.水-岩化学作用的岩石宏观力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4):526-531.TANG Lian-sheng,ZHANG Peng-cheng.Testing Study on Macroscopic Mechanics Effect of Chemical Acting of Water on Rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(4):526-531.
[9]CHEN S G,ZHAO J.A Study of UDEC Modeling for Blast Wave Propagation in Jointed Rock Masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(1):93-99.
[10]Al-HOMOUD A S,TAHTAMONI W W.Reliability Analysis of Three-dimensional Dynamic Slope Stability and Earthquake-Induced Permanent Displacement[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2000,(19):91-114.
[11]Ki-BOK MIN,LANRU JING.Numerical Determination of the Equivalent Elastic Compliance Tensor for Fractured Rock Masses Using the Distinct Element Method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2003,(40):795-816.
[12]彭德红.露天矿边坡开挖爆破震动动力响应分析[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(6):705-709.PENG De-hong.Analysis of Dynamic Response on Blasting Vibration about Excavated Slope in a Surface Mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(6):705-709.
[13]王环玲,徐卫亚.高烈度区水电工程岩石高边坡三维地震动力响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S2):5890-5895.WANG Huan-ling,XU Wei-ya.3D Dynamical Response Analysis of High Rock Slope Related to Hydropower Project in High Intensive Seismic Region[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S2):5890-5895.
[14]曲志明,周心权,贾磊,等.苍道瓦斯爆轰衰减规律及参数分析[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(2):1-4.QU Zhi-ming,ZHOU Xin-quan,JIA Lei,et al.The Study on Attenuation Characteristics and parameter Analysis in Roadway during Gas Detouation[J].Journal of Hunan University of science and Techpology,2006,21(2):1-4.
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