台阶型微闪耀光栅面阵实现二维全混洗变换
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摘要
基于台阶型微闪耀光栅衍射效率高、特征尺度小、集成度高和加工容易等特点,提出了利用台阶型微闪耀光栅面阵实现二维全混洗变换的方法。讨论了一维和二维全混洗的变换规则和数学定义;通过对刻蚀过程中各单元光栅的刻槽取向和周期的控制,使信号光满足所需要方向的闪耀输出,制作出一维和二维的微闪耀光栅面阵,在自由空间分别实现信号光的一维和二维全混洗变换。最后,比较与讨论了微闪耀光栅实现全混洗变换的方法。理论分析和实验结果均表明:该方法与传统的通过信号光矩阵的分割成像、放大、重组、叠加操作不同,它利用单一器件的衍射特性来控制信号光的取向和光强的分布,从而实现二维全混洗变换。因此,该方法具有光能量利用率高、控制简便、易操作和易集成的特点,充分体现了二维全混洗变换在光通信和光信息处理中具有的高空间带宽积和多自由度的特点。
Based on some interesting properties of a micro-blazed grating planar-array such as high diffraction efficiency,small size,high degree of integration and easy to fabricate,a 2D Perfect Shuffle(PS) transform method was proposed.The mathematic principles and the mapping rule of 1D and 2D PS transform were defined,respectively.Then,1D and 2D PS transforms were realized in free space using micro-blazed grating arrays by controling and modulating the grating's etching direction and period to direct the signal beams to reach to the desired position.Finally,compared with the conventional method(depend on the operation of dividing,magnification,interlacing and superimposing),this method mainly relying on the diffractive properties of signal beams and the distribution of light intensity presents a single diffractive element to perform 1D and 2D PS transform. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show this method has the advantages of more higher energy efficiency,high feasibility,compact structure,easy to integrate etc.,which should be helpful in a optical interconnection network,especially,in a perfect shuffle omega network.
Based on some interesting properties of a micro-blazed grating planar-array such as high diffraction efficiency,small size,high degree of integration and easy to fabricate,a 2D Perfect Shuffle(PS) transform method was proposed.The mathematic principles and the mapping rule of 1D and 2D PS transform were defined,respectively.Then,1D and 2D PS transforms were realized in free space using micro-blazed grating arrays by controling and modulating the grating's etching direction and period to direct the signal beams to reach to the desired position.Finally,compared with the conventional method(depend on the operation of dividing,magnification,interlacing and superimposing),this method mainly relying on the diffractive properties of signal beams and the distribution of light intensity presents a single diffractive element to perform 1D and 2D PS transform. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show this method has the advantages of more higher energy efficiency,high feasibility,compact structure,easy to integrate etc.,which should be helpful in a optical interconnection network,especially,in a perfect shuffle omega network.
引文
[1]刘泽文,宣云,雷啸锋,等.高阻硅上RF-MEMS共面波导设计及测量研究[J].光学精密工程,2005,13(2):158-164.LIU Z W,XUAN Y,LEI X F,et al..Design and measurement of RF-MEMS CPW on HRS[J].Opt.PrecisionEng.,2005,13(2):158-164.(in Chinese)
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[17]刘艺,何淑梅,王仕?.虚焦点成像实现平行光输入的PS光互连[J].中国激光,2000,A27(1):87-90.LIU Y,HE SH M,WANG SH F.PS optical interconnection realized by virtual focus imaging under the parallellight input[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2000,A27(1):87-90.(in Chinese)
[18]WU Y M,LIU L R,WANG ZH J.Characteristics,routing algorithm,and optical implementation of two-dimen-sional perfect-shuffle networks[J].App.Opt.,1993,32(35):7210-7216.
[19]SHAO L,LIU L R,PENG H F,et al..Routing scheme,permutation properties,and optical implementation of afour-shuffle-exchange-based Omega network[J].Opt.Eng.,1997,36(5):1542-1547.
[20]XU P,ZHOU X,ZHANG X CH,et al..Optical perfect shuffle interconnection using computer-generated blazedgrating array[J].Optical Review,1995,2(5):362-36515.
[21]XU P,YANG J B,HUANG H X,et al..The theoretical analysis and design of perfect shuffle interconnection u-sing micro-optical array element[J].SPIE,2005,5636:334-340.
[22]金国藩,严瑛白,邬敏贤,等.二元光学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.JIN G F,YAN Y B,WU M X,et al..Binary Optics[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1998.(inChinese)
[2]张燕君,陈才和,吴波,等.硅微光机械加速度地震检波器中M-Z光波导干涉仪结构设计[J].光学精密工程,2006,14(1):77-82.ZHANG Y J,CHEN C H,WU B,et al..Structure design of Mach-Zehnder interferometer in electrooptic inte-grated acceleration seismic geophone[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2006,14(1):77-82.(in Chinese)
[3]邵兵,孙立宁,曲东升,等.自由空间光通信ATP系统中精瞄偏转镜的设计[J].光学精密工程,2006,14(1):43-47.SHAO B,SUN L N,QU D SH,et al..Design of fine pointing tip/tilt mirror of ATP system for free space opticalcommunication[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2006,14(1):43-47.(in Chinese)
[4]STONE H S.Parallel processing with the perfect shuffle[J].IEEE Trans.Comput.,1971,C-20:153-156.
[5]LOHMANN A W,STORK W,STUCKLE G.Optical perfect shuffle[J].Appl.Opt.,1986,25(10):1530-1531.
[6]SINQH B K,GUPTE N.Crossover behavior in a communication network[J].Physical Review E,2003,68(6):66121-1-9.
[7]XIAOHONG J,PIN-HAN H,HORIGUCHI S.Performance modeling for all-optical photonic switches based on thevertical stacking of banyan network structures[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2005,23(8):1620-1631.
[8]曹明翠,李再光,李洪谱,等.榕树网络的互连矩阵与模拟研究[J].光学学报,1994,14(5):513-517.CAO M C,LI Z G,LI H P,et al..Interconnection matrix of the banyan network and its simulation study[J].Ac-ta Optica Sinica,1994,14(5):513-517.(in Chinese)
[9]ANDRZEJ J.Nonblocking,repackable,and rearragneable clos networks:fifty years of the theory evolution[J].IEEE Communications Magzine,2003,41(10):28-33.
[10]YANG Y,WANG J.A class of multistage conference switching networks for group communication[J].IEEETransactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2004,15(3):228-243.
[11]康辉,章江英,战元龄.用棱镜实现高效率的完全混洗互连网络[J].光学学报,1995,15(3):332-336.KANG H,ZHANG J Y,ZHAN Y L.Optical implementation of PS interconnection network with high energy ef-ficiency using prisms[J].Acta Optica Sinica,1995,15(3):332-336.(in Chinese)
[12]DAVIDSON N,FRIESEM A A,HASMAN E.Realization of perfect shuffle and inverse perfect shuffle transformswith holographic elements[J].Appl.Opt.,1992,31(11):1810-1812.
[13]CHARLES W S,RAVINDIA A A,MICHAEL W H.Folded perfect shuffle optical processor[J].Appl.Opt.,1988,27(2):202-203.
[14]STIRK C W,ATHALE R A,HANEY M W.Folded perfect shuffle optical processor[J].Appl.Opt,1988,27(2):202-203.
[15]张二平,余重秀,徐大雄.采用全息方法实现的光学折叠PS互连网络[J].高技术通讯,1995,9:27-30.ZHANG E P,YU CH X,XU D X.Realizing optical folded PS interconnection network by using holography[J].High Technology Letters,1995,9:27-30.(in Chinese)
[16]邱晓东,路明哲,母国光,等.光学全息方法实现光学全混洗[J].中国激光,1993,A20(10):757-760.QIU X D,LU M ZH,MU G G,et al..The realization of optical perfect shuffle with hologram[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Lasers,1993,A20(10):757-760.(in Chinese)
[17]刘艺,何淑梅,王仕?.虚焦点成像实现平行光输入的PS光互连[J].中国激光,2000,A27(1):87-90.LIU Y,HE SH M,WANG SH F.PS optical interconnection realized by virtual focus imaging under the parallellight input[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2000,A27(1):87-90.(in Chinese)
[18]WU Y M,LIU L R,WANG ZH J.Characteristics,routing algorithm,and optical implementation of two-dimen-sional perfect-shuffle networks[J].App.Opt.,1993,32(35):7210-7216.
[19]SHAO L,LIU L R,PENG H F,et al..Routing scheme,permutation properties,and optical implementation of afour-shuffle-exchange-based Omega network[J].Opt.Eng.,1997,36(5):1542-1547.
[20]XU P,ZHOU X,ZHANG X CH,et al..Optical perfect shuffle interconnection using computer-generated blazedgrating array[J].Optical Review,1995,2(5):362-36515.
[21]XU P,YANG J B,HUANG H X,et al..The theoretical analysis and design of perfect shuffle interconnection u-sing micro-optical array element[J].SPIE,2005,5636:334-340.
[22]金国藩,严瑛白,邬敏贤,等.二元光学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.JIN G F,YAN Y B,WU M X,et al..Binary Optics[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1998.(inChinese)
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