地下工程突水的富水优势断裂
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摘要
突水是地下工程常遇到的主要和危害严重的工程地质现象。工程实例分析表明,地下工程中大的涌水和突水大多与地质结构面,特别是断裂有关。文中分析了断裂控制地下水赋存和运移的规律,以及可能导致突水的富水优势断裂的特征。由于断裂突水的复杂性和众多的影响因素,将地质机制分析、经验判断和定量指标与评价模型相结合是重要的,也是可行的。文中介绍了一种富水优势断裂的量化分级方法,讨论了相应的预测与防治工程对策。
Groundwater blasting is usually the main and very serious engineering geological problem for underground engineering.The case histories indicate that larger groundwater inflows or blasting in underground engineering are usually associated with geostructures,especially larger faults.The characteristics of groundwater storage and transportation controlled by fracture and the features of water bearing faults probably leading to groundwater blasting have been analyzed firstly.Because of the complexity and many factors of the groundwater blasting from fault,it is important and feasible to combine geological analysis,empirical judgement and quantitative indexes with evaluation models.A quantitative grading method of water bearing fault has been described in the paper.In addition,correlated prediction and prevention engineering countermeasures have also been discussed.
Groundwater blasting is usually the main and very serious engineering geological problem for underground engineering.The case histories indicate that larger groundwater inflows or blasting in underground engineering are usually associated with geostructures,especially larger faults.The characteristics of groundwater storage and transportation controlled by fracture and the features of water bearing faults probably leading to groundwater blasting have been analyzed firstly.Because of the complexity and many factors of the groundwater blasting from fault,it is important and feasible to combine geological analysis,empirical judgement and quantitative indexes with evaluation models.A quantitative grading method of water bearing fault has been described in the paper.In addition,correlated prediction and prevention engineering countermeasures have also been discussed.
引文
[1] 董玉良.我国北方二叠纪煤田充水特征及主要水文地质问题研究[J].中国地质科学院水文地质工程地质研究所所刊.1989,(4):95-113.
[2] 李晓昭.地下工程优势面控稳控水机制及其数值分析[R].南京大学博士后研究工作报告,1998.
[3] 罗国煜,陈新民,李晓昭,闫长虹.城市环境岩土工程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2000.
[4] 李晓昭,罗国煜,苏天明,俞缙.岩石地下工程突水的优势含水层[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(1)(增刊):84-86.
[5] 徐济川,黄少霞.大瑶山隧道的突泥涌水机制[J].铁道工程学报.1996,(2):83-89.
[6] 石文慧.当代铁路隧道发展趋势及地质灾害[J].铁道工程学报.1996,(2):54-61.
[7] KaneshiroJY,Schmidt.Fractureandshatterzoneinflowintohardrocktunnel Casehistories[A].Proc.35thUS.Symp.onRockMechanics[C].Rotterdam:Balkema,1995.253-258.
[8] 罗国煜,等.论边坡两类优势面的概念及其研究方法[J].岩土工程学报.1982,4(2):57-65.
[9] 罗国煜,等.判定富水优势断裂的综合物探方法[J].工程勘察.1992,(3):69-72.
[10] 闫长虹,陈征宙,李晓昭.优势面理论与环境岩土工程问题研究—优势面理论的形成和发展[A].中国工程地质五十年[C].北京:地震出版社,2000,168-174.
[11] 罗国煜,吴浩.工程勘察中的新构造—优势面分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[12] 夏镛华.焦作煤田矿床充水条件及地下水防治建议[J].煤田地制裁与勘探.1985,(2):29-35.
[13] 曹丁涛.兖州矿区新构造裂隙特点及涌水防治[J].煤田地质与勘探.1991,(1):46-49.
[14] 张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[15] 煤矿总工程师工作指南(上册)[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1988.
[16] 郑世书,等.矿井地质及矿井水文地质[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1979.
[2] 李晓昭.地下工程优势面控稳控水机制及其数值分析[R].南京大学博士后研究工作报告,1998.
[3] 罗国煜,陈新民,李晓昭,闫长虹.城市环境岩土工程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2000.
[4] 李晓昭,罗国煜,苏天明,俞缙.岩石地下工程突水的优势含水层[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(1)(增刊):84-86.
[5] 徐济川,黄少霞.大瑶山隧道的突泥涌水机制[J].铁道工程学报.1996,(2):83-89.
[6] 石文慧.当代铁路隧道发展趋势及地质灾害[J].铁道工程学报.1996,(2):54-61.
[7] KaneshiroJY,Schmidt.Fractureandshatterzoneinflowintohardrocktunnel Casehistories[A].Proc.35thUS.Symp.onRockMechanics[C].Rotterdam:Balkema,1995.253-258.
[8] 罗国煜,等.论边坡两类优势面的概念及其研究方法[J].岩土工程学报.1982,4(2):57-65.
[9] 罗国煜,等.判定富水优势断裂的综合物探方法[J].工程勘察.1992,(3):69-72.
[10] 闫长虹,陈征宙,李晓昭.优势面理论与环境岩土工程问题研究—优势面理论的形成和发展[A].中国工程地质五十年[C].北京:地震出版社,2000,168-174.
[11] 罗国煜,吴浩.工程勘察中的新构造—优势面分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[12] 夏镛华.焦作煤田矿床充水条件及地下水防治建议[J].煤田地制裁与勘探.1985,(2):29-35.
[13] 曹丁涛.兖州矿区新构造裂隙特点及涌水防治[J].煤田地质与勘探.1991,(1):46-49.
[14] 张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[15] 煤矿总工程师工作指南(上册)[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1988.
[16] 郑世书,等.矿井地质及矿井水文地质[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1979.
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