2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震触发滑坡及其构造分析
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摘要
2013年7月22日,甘肃省岷县漳县交界发生了M S6.6地震。地震触发了大量的、类型各种各样的滑坡。滑坡类型以黄土崖崩、滑、倾为主,还有一些深层连贯型土质滑坡、大型土质流滑、斜坡裂缝等类型。地震滑坡主要分布在一个与临潭-宕昌断裂平行的长条形区域内。该长条形区域面积约为250km2,长度约40km,最大宽度约8km。对应不同构造段落的区域内滑坡发育程度不同,反映了不同段落发震构造的特征差异。滑坡的主体分布范围与震中位置表明了构造破裂是从SEE向NWW方向发展的。最后,分析了该滑坡主体分布区中心线与临潭-宕昌断裂在空间地理位置上相差10km的2种可能的原因。
On July 22,2013,an earthquake of MS6.6 occurred at the boundary between Minxian County and Zhangxian County,Gansu Province of China.Many landslides were triggered by the earthquake and the landslides were of various types,mainly in falls,slides,and topples occurring on loess cliffs,and also including soil deep-seated coherent landslides,large-scale soil avalanches,and slopes with cracks.Most of the landslides were distributed in an elongated area of 250km2,parallels to the LintanDangchang Fault,with about 40km in length and the largest width of 8km.Landslides occurrence shows obvious difference along the central line of the elongated area,corresponding to different characteristics of different segments of the seismogenic fault.The elongated landslides main distribution area and the location of the epicenter indicate that the direction of the fault rupture propagation is from southeast-east to northwest-west.Finally,two probable reasons causing the horizontal distance of about 10km between the central line of the elongated area and the Lintan-Dangchang Fault are presented.
On July 22,2013,an earthquake of MS6.6 occurred at the boundary between Minxian County and Zhangxian County,Gansu Province of China.Many landslides were triggered by the earthquake and the landslides were of various types,mainly in falls,slides,and topples occurring on loess cliffs,and also including soil deep-seated coherent landslides,large-scale soil avalanches,and slopes with cracks.Most of the landslides were distributed in an elongated area of 250km2,parallels to the LintanDangchang Fault,with about 40km in length and the largest width of 8km.Landslides occurrence shows obvious difference along the central line of the elongated area,corresponding to different characteristics of different segments of the seismogenic fault.The elongated landslides main distribution area and the location of the epicenter indicate that the direction of the fault rupture propagation is from southeast-east to northwest-west.Finally,two probable reasons causing the horizontal distance of about 10km between the central line of the elongated area and the Lintan-Dangchang Fault are presented.
引文
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Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.2012a.Earthquake triggered landslide hazard mapping and validation related with the 2010Port-au-Prince,Haiti earthquake[J].Disaster Advances,5(4):1297—1304.
Xu C,Xu X W,Yao X,et al.2013a.Three(nearly)complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12,2008Wenchuan M W7 .9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis[J].Landslides.doi:10 .1007/s10346-013-0404-6.
Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.2013b.Application of an incomplete landslide inventory,logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China[J].Natural Hazards,68(2):883—900.
Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.2013c.Landslides triggered by slipping-fault-generated earthquake on a plateau:An example of the 14 April 2010,M S7 .1,Yushu,China earthquake[J].Landslides.doi:10.1007/s10346-012-0340-x.
Yamagishi H,Iwahashi J.2007.Comparison between the two triggered landslides in Mid-Niigata,Japan by July 13 heavy rainfall and October 23 intensive earthquakes in 2004[J].Landslides,4(4):389—397.
国家地震局震害防御司.1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年)[M].北京.地震出版社.Disaster Prevention Department of National Seismological Bureau.1995.Catalog of Strong Historical Earthquake of China(23 Century B.C.-1911 A.D.)[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
许冲,肖建章.2013.2013年芦山地震滑坡空间分布分析:以太平镇东北方向的一个典型矩形区为例[J].地震地质,35(2):436—451.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.021.XU Chong,XIAO Jian-zhang.2013.Spatial analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013 M S7 .0 Lushan earthquake:A case study of a typical rectangle area in the northeast of Taiping Town[J].Seismology and Geology,35(2):436 —451(in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华.2012.玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制[J].地震地质,34(1):47—62.doi:10 .3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.006.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua.2012.Study on the characteristics,mechanism,and spatial distribution of Yushu earthquake triggered landslides[J].Seismology and Geology,34(1):47—62(in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,吴熙彦,等.2013a.2008年汶川地震滑坡详细编目及其空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,21(1):25—44.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,WU Xi-yan,et al.2013a.Detailed inventories of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and their spatial distribution statistical analyses[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(1):25—44(in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.2013b.2013年四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震触发滑坡[J].地震地质,35(3):641 —660.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.018.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun,et al.2013b.Landslides triggered by the April 20,2013 Lushan,Sichuan Province M S7 .0 strong earthquake of China[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):641—660(in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华.2013c.基于证据权方法的玉树地震滑坡危险性评价[J].地震地质,35(1):151—164.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.01.013.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua.2013c.The Yushu earthquake triggered landslide hazard evaluation based on weight of evidence method[J].Seismology and Geology,35(1):151—164(in Chinese).
袁道阳,雷中生,葛伟鹏,等.2007.对143年甘谷西7级地震史料的新见解[J].西北地震学报,29(1):58—63.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,GE Wei-peng,et al.2007.A new opinion about the west of Gangu M 7.0 earthquake in 143 A.D.in Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,29(1):58—63(in Chinese).
郑文俊,刘小凤,赵广堃,等.2005.2003年11月13日甘肃岷县M S5 .2地震基本特征[J].西北地震学报,27(1):61—65.ZHENG Wen-jun,LIU Xiao-feng,ZHAO Guang-kun,et al.2005.Principal features of Minxian M S5 .2 earthquake in Gansu Province,on Nov.13,2003[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,27(1):61—65(in Chinese).
郑文俊,雷中生,袁道阳,等.2007a.1837年甘肃岷县北6级地震考证与发震构造分析[J].地震,27(1):120—130 .ZHENG Wen-jun,LEI Zhong-sheng,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2007a.Structural research on the 1837 northern Minxian M6 earthquake in Gansu Province and its causative structure[J].Earthquake,27(1):120—130(in Chinese).
郑文俊,雷中生,袁道阳,等.2007b.1573年甘肃岷县地震史料考证与发震构造探讨[J].中国地震,23(1):75 —83.ZHENG Wen-jun,LEI Zhong-sheng,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2007b.Textual research on the historical data of the 1573AD Minxian earthquake in Gansu Province and discussion on its seismogenic structure[J].Earthquake Research in China,23(1):75—83(in Chinese).
郑文俊,袁道阳,何文贵,等.2013.甘东南地区构造活动特征:兼论岷县漳县M S6 .6级地震孕震机制[J].地球物理学报(出版中).ZHENG Wen-jun,YUAN Dao-yang,HE Wen-gui,et al.2013.Geometric pattern and active tectonics in southeastern Gansu Province:Discussion on seismogenic mechanism of the Minxian-Zhanxian M S6 .6 earthquake on July 22,2013[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in press).
中国地震局震害防御司.1999.中国近代地震目录(公元1912年—1990年M S≥4.7)[M].北京.中国科学技术出版社.Disaster Prevention Department of China Earthquake Administration.1999.Catalog of Modern Earthquake of China(1912 A.D.-1990 A.D.)[M].China Science and Technology Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
Gorum T,van Westen C J,Korup O,et al.2013.Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of masswasting pattern,2010 Haiti earthquake[J].Geomorphology,184:127—138.
Harp E L,Jibson R W.1996.Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge,California,earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,86(1B):S319—S332.
Keefer D K.1984.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,95(4):406—421.
Sato H P,Hasegawa H,Fujiwara S,et al.2007.Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery[J].Landslides,4(2):113—122.
Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.2012a.Earthquake triggered landslide hazard mapping and validation related with the 2010Port-au-Prince,Haiti earthquake[J].Disaster Advances,5(4):1297—1304.
Xu C,Xu X W,Yao X,et al.2013a.Three(nearly)complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12,2008Wenchuan M W7 .9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis[J].Landslides.doi:10 .1007/s10346-013-0404-6.
Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.2013b.Application of an incomplete landslide inventory,logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China[J].Natural Hazards,68(2):883—900.
Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.2013c.Landslides triggered by slipping-fault-generated earthquake on a plateau:An example of the 14 April 2010,M S7 .1,Yushu,China earthquake[J].Landslides.doi:10.1007/s10346-012-0340-x.
Yamagishi H,Iwahashi J.2007.Comparison between the two triggered landslides in Mid-Niigata,Japan by July 13 heavy rainfall and October 23 intensive earthquakes in 2004[J].Landslides,4(4):389—397.
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