地震动特性对公路桥梁板式橡胶支座滑动反应影响
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摘要
针对我国常见的板式橡胶支座类型公路桥梁因支座与墩梁间无连接措施、在地震作用下频发主梁移位甚至落梁等震害的现状,采用平滑动支座单元模拟板式橡胶支座的滑动效应,通过对一单墩模型的非线性地震反应时程分析,探讨了影响板式橡胶支座滑动反应的主要因素,研究了包括地震动峰值加速度、地震动频谱特性以及地震动加速度时程曲线形状细节等地震动特性对公路桥梁板式橡胶支座滑动反应的影响。研究表明:板式橡胶支座滑动反应是随地震动峰值加速度Ap、地震动峰值加速度与峰值速度比值Ap/vp变化的函数;地震动加速度时程曲线形状细节也是影响支座滑动反应的一个重要因素。设计人员在对板式橡胶支座类型桥梁进行抗震设计时,应注意选择与场地条件相匹配的地震动输入;利用工程经验判断支座滑动反应时,应重视地震动加速度时程曲线形状细节的反常影响。
Facing the frequently occurred seismic damage of shifting or even unseating of girders in highway bridges whose elastomeric pad bearings are not connected appropriately with the pier and girder,this paper discusses the main influencing factors and presents the effect of ground motion characteristics on sliding response of elastomeric pad bearings based on non-linear time-history analysis of a single pier model,in which the sliding effect of elastomeric pad bearings is characterized by a flat sliding bearing element.The ground motion characteristics studied in this paper include peak ground acceleration,dominant frequency and energy content,and details of the pulses contained in ground motions.The results show that the sliding response of elastomeric pad bearings is a function of the peak ground acceleration and the ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity.Besides,the details of the pulses contained in ground motions may have significant influence on the sliding response.Thus,in order to conduct a correct seismic design of highway bridges on elastomeric pad bearings,the seismic ground motions should be chosen according to the characteristics of the bridge site,and particular attention should be paid to the possible unexpected effect of the details of pulse in ground motion when using empirical statistical correlations to predict the sliding response in individual cases.
Facing the frequently occurred seismic damage of shifting or even unseating of girders in highway bridges whose elastomeric pad bearings are not connected appropriately with the pier and girder,this paper discusses the main influencing factors and presents the effect of ground motion characteristics on sliding response of elastomeric pad bearings based on non-linear time-history analysis of a single pier model,in which the sliding effect of elastomeric pad bearings is characterized by a flat sliding bearing element.The ground motion characteristics studied in this paper include peak ground acceleration,dominant frequency and energy content,and details of the pulses contained in ground motions.The results show that the sliding response of elastomeric pad bearings is a function of the peak ground acceleration and the ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity.Besides,the details of the pulses contained in ground motions may have significant influence on the sliding response.Thus,in order to conduct a correct seismic design of highway bridges on elastomeric pad bearings,the seismic ground motions should be chosen according to the characteristics of the bridge site,and particular attention should be paid to the possible unexpected effect of the details of pulse in ground motion when using empirical statistical correlations to predict the sliding response in individual cases.
引文
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[4]JTG/T B02-01-2008,公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.JTG/T B02-01-2008,Guidelines for seismic design ofhighway bridges[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2008.(in Chinese)
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[8]JT/T 4-2004,公路桥梁板式橡胶支座[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.JT/T 4-2004,Plate type elastomeric pad bearings forhighway bridges[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2004.(in Chinese)
[9]聂利英,李建中,范立础.弹塑性纤维梁柱单元及其单元参数分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(3):15―20.Nie Liying,Li Jianzhong,Fan Lichu.Elastic-plastic fiberbeam-column element and its parametric analysis[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(3):15―20.(inChinese)
[10]Kent D C,Park R.Flexural members with confinedconcrete[J].Journal of the Structural Division,1971,97(7):1969―1990.
[11]Scott B D,Park R,Priestley M J N.Stress-strainbehavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops atlow and high strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1982,79(1):13―27.
[12]Menegotto M,Pinto P E.Method of analysis forcyclically loaded RC plane frames including changes ingeometry and non-elastic behavior of elements undercombined normal force and bending[C].Proceedings ofIABSE Symposium on Resistance and UltimateDeformability of Structures,1973,Lisbon,Portugal.
[13]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2005:150.Hu Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2005:150.(in Chinese)
[14]Gazetas G,Garini E,Anastasopoulos,Georgarakos T.Effect of near-fault ground shaking on sliding systems[J].Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,2009,135(12):1906―1921.
[15]克拉夫R,彭津J.结构动力学[M].王光远,等,译.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:34―36.Clough R,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].Translated by Wang Guangyuan,et al.Beijing:HigherEducation Press,2007:34―36.(in Chinese)
[16]Kramer S L.Geotechnical earthquake engineering[M].Prentice Hall,New Jersey,1996:130―147.
[17]Dicleli M,Bruneau M.An energy approach to sliding ofsingle-span simply supported slab-on-girder steelhighway bridges with damaged bearings[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1995,24(3):395―409.
[18]Dicleli M,Buddar S.Effect of isolator and groundmotion characteristics on the performance ofseismic-isolated bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,2006,35:233―250.
[2]范立础,聂利英,李建中.地震作用下板式橡胶支座滑动的动力性能分析[J].中国公路学报,2003,16(4):30―35.Fan Lichu,Nie Liying,Li Jianzhong.Dynamiccharacteristic analysis of laminated rubber bearingsliding under earthquake[J].China Journal of Highwayand Transport,2003,16(4):30―35.(in Chinese)
[3]李建中,范立础.汶川桥梁震害分析与抗震设计对策[J].公路,2009,5:122―128.Li Jianzhong,Fan Lichu.Wenchuan bridge seismicdamage analysis and seismic design countermeasures[J].Highway,2009,5:122―128.(in Chinese)
[4]JTG/T B02-01-2008,公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.JTG/T B02-01-2008,Guidelines for seismic design ofhighway bridges[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2008.(in Chinese)
[5]Mazzoni S,McKenna F,Scott M H,Fenves G L.Opensystem for earthquake engineering simulation(OpenSees):OpenSees command language manual[M].Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center,University ofCalifornia,Berkeley,2007.
[6]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997:84―89.Fan Lichu.Seismic design for bridges[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997:84―89.(in Chinese)
[7]范立础,胡世德,叶爱君.大跨度桥梁抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社2001:89―96.Fan Lichu,Hu Shide,Ye Aijun.Seismic design forlong-span bridges[M].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2001:89―96.(in Chinese)
[8]JT/T 4-2004,公路桥梁板式橡胶支座[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.JT/T 4-2004,Plate type elastomeric pad bearings forhighway bridges[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2004.(in Chinese)
[9]聂利英,李建中,范立础.弹塑性纤维梁柱单元及其单元参数分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(3):15―20.Nie Liying,Li Jianzhong,Fan Lichu.Elastic-plastic fiberbeam-column element and its parametric analysis[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(3):15―20.(inChinese)
[10]Kent D C,Park R.Flexural members with confinedconcrete[J].Journal of the Structural Division,1971,97(7):1969―1990.
[11]Scott B D,Park R,Priestley M J N.Stress-strainbehavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops atlow and high strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1982,79(1):13―27.
[12]Menegotto M,Pinto P E.Method of analysis forcyclically loaded RC plane frames including changes ingeometry and non-elastic behavior of elements undercombined normal force and bending[C].Proceedings ofIABSE Symposium on Resistance and UltimateDeformability of Structures,1973,Lisbon,Portugal.
[13]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2005:150.Hu Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2005:150.(in Chinese)
[14]Gazetas G,Garini E,Anastasopoulos,Georgarakos T.Effect of near-fault ground shaking on sliding systems[J].Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,2009,135(12):1906―1921.
[15]克拉夫R,彭津J.结构动力学[M].王光远,等,译.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:34―36.Clough R,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].Translated by Wang Guangyuan,et al.Beijing:HigherEducation Press,2007:34―36.(in Chinese)
[16]Kramer S L.Geotechnical earthquake engineering[M].Prentice Hall,New Jersey,1996:130―147.
[17]Dicleli M,Bruneau M.An energy approach to sliding ofsingle-span simply supported slab-on-girder steelhighway bridges with damaged bearings[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1995,24(3):395―409.
[18]Dicleli M,Buddar S.Effect of isolator and groundmotion characteristics on the performance ofseismic-isolated bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,2006,35:233―250.
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