可液化场地地铁车站结构地震破坏特性振动台试验研究
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摘要
模拟大震主、余震地震动作用,开展了石膏模型的三层三跨地铁地下车站结构地震破坏特性的振动台试验,测试与分析了可液化地基土的加速度、振动孔压、地表震陷和模型车站结构的加速度、水平向相对位移、应变、侧墙动土压力反应及其空间效应,再现了喷水冒砂、地表裂缝、震陷及模型车站结构上浮、构件裂缝及局部破损等宏观震害现象。研究结果表明:在主震作用时,地基土液化持续时间长、振动孔压消散趋势不明显,地基土的加速度放大效应降低,液化地基呈现出显著的减震与低频集中效应;余震作用时地基土振动孔压的消散较为明显;模型结构峰值加速度反应沿高度增大,侧墙动土压力反应沿高度呈中间小、两端大的分布模式;模型结构中柱的峰值应变反应最大,且中柱左右两侧的峰值应变与损伤程度沿高度呈S形分布;可液化地基土与模型车站结构的地震反应存在显著的空间效应现象。
Based on the plaster model of a three-story and three-span subway station on liquefiable ground,a series of shaking table tests on the seismic failure characteristics were conducted under the main shock and aftershock ground motions.With respect to the foundation,the following characteristics were discussed including the acceleration,dynamic pore water pressure,and earthquake-induced settlement of ground surface.The model subway station structure was concerned with the following features including the acceleration,the relative horizontal displacement,the strain,dynamic soil pressure on the side wall and its spatial effects.According to the tests,the sand and water spewing phenomenon,the earthquake-induced settlement and ground crack were successfully reproduced.Meanwhile,the floating of structure,member cracks and local damages were observed during the tests.Under the main shock ground motion,there appears a longer liquefaction duration time and the trends of pore pressure dissipation are not obvious,and the acceleration amplification effect of the soil is decreased.The foundation soil shows a remarkable shock absorption and concentration effect with low frequency.Under the aftershock ground motion,the dissipation of pore pressure in foundation soil becomes obvious.The peak acceleration of the structure increases with the height.The dynamic soil pressure on the side walls is smaller in the middle and larger at both ends.In addition,the interior column achieves the maximum value of peak dynamic strain.The peak strain and damage degree on both sides of interior column exhibit an "S" type distribution along the height.The seismic responses of both the foundation soil and the model subway station structure exhibit a remarkable spatial effect.
Based on the plaster model of a three-story and three-span subway station on liquefiable ground,a series of shaking table tests on the seismic failure characteristics were conducted under the main shock and aftershock ground motions.With respect to the foundation,the following characteristics were discussed including the acceleration,dynamic pore water pressure,and earthquake-induced settlement of ground surface.The model subway station structure was concerned with the following features including the acceleration,the relative horizontal displacement,the strain,dynamic soil pressure on the side wall and its spatial effects.According to the tests,the sand and water spewing phenomenon,the earthquake-induced settlement and ground crack were successfully reproduced.Meanwhile,the floating of structure,member cracks and local damages were observed during the tests.Under the main shock ground motion,there appears a longer liquefaction duration time and the trends of pore pressure dissipation are not obvious,and the acceleration amplification effect of the soil is decreased.The foundation soil shows a remarkable shock absorption and concentration effect with low frequency.Under the aftershock ground motion,the dissipation of pore pressure in foundation soil becomes obvious.The peak acceleration of the structure increases with the height.The dynamic soil pressure on the side walls is smaller in the middle and larger at both ends.In addition,the interior column achieves the maximum value of peak dynamic strain.The peak strain and damage degree on both sides of interior column exhibit an "S" type distribution along the height.The seismic responses of both the foundation soil and the model subway station structure exhibit a remarkable spatial effect.
引文
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[13]韩晓健,左熹,陈国兴.基于虚拟仪器技术的振动台模型试验98通道动态信号采集系统研制[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(5):503-508.(HANXiao-jian,ZUO Xi,CHEN Guo-xing.98 channels’dynamic signal acquisition system development forshaking table test based on virtual instrument technology[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and MitgationEngineering,2010,30(5):503-508.(in Chinese))
[14]王道荣.高速侵彻现象的工程分析方法和数值模拟研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2002:49-53.(WANG Daorong.Study on engineering analyticalmodel and numerical simulation on hypervelocitypenetration[D].Hefei:University of Science andTechnology of China,2002:49-53.(in Chinese))
[2]Palo N,Roberto P,Stefania P,et al.Large scale soil-structure interaction experiments on sand under cyclicloading[C]//Proceeding of the 12 WCEE.No.1191.New Zealand:WCEE,2000.
[3]Iwatate T,Kobayashi Y,Kusu H,et al.Investigationand shaking table tests of subway structures of theHyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[C]//Proceeding of the12WCEE.No.1043.New Zealand:WCEE,2000.
[4]Tamari Y,Towhata I.Seismic soil-structure interactionof cross sections of flexible underground structuressubjected to soil liquefaction[J].Soil and Foundation,2003,43(2):69-87.
[5]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.软土地铁车站结构的振动台试验[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(1):7-11.(Yang Linde,Ji Qianqian,Zheng Yonglai,et al.Shaking table test on metro station structures in soft soil[J].Modern Tunnelling Technolog,2003,40(1):7-11.(in Chinese))
[6]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,等.土-地铁车站动力相互作用的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(2):171-176.(CHENGuoxing,ZHUANG Haiyang,DU Xiuli,et al.Analysis of large-scale shaking table test of dynamicsoil-subway station interaction[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(2):171-176.(in Chinese))
[7]陈国兴,左熹,王志华,等.地铁车站结构近远场地震反应特性振动台试验[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2010,44(10):1955-1961.(CHEN Guo-xing,ZUO Xi,WANG Zhi-hua,et al.Shaking table modeltest of subway station structure at liquefiable groundunder far field and near field ground motion[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science.2010,44(10):1955-1961.(in Chinese))
[8]陈国兴,左熹,王志华,等.近远场地震作用下液化地基上地铁车站结构动力损伤特性的振动台试验[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(12):120-126.(ChenGuoxing,Zuo Xi,Wang Zhihua,et al.Large scaleshaking table test study of the dynamic damage behaviorof subway station structure in liquefiable foundationunder near-fault and far-field ground motions[J].ChinaCivil Engineering Journal,2010,43(12):120-126.(in Chinese))
[9]左熹,陈国兴,王志华,等.近远场地震动作用下地铁地下车站结构地基液化效应的振动台试验[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3733-3740.(ZUO Xi,CHENGuo-xing,WANG Zhi-hua,et al.Shaking table test onground liquefaction effect of soil-subway stationstructure under near-fault and far-field ground motions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3733-3740.(in Chinese))
[10]左熹,陈国兴,王志华,等.软弱场地上地铁车站结构近远场地震反应特性振动台试验[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(增刊2):299-305.(Chen Guoxing,Zuo Xi,Wang Zhihua,et al.Shaking table test on theseismic response of subway station structure in soft sitesunder near and far field ground motion[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2010,43(Suppl.2):299-305.(in Chinese))
[11]陈国兴,王志华,左熹,等.振动台试验叠层剪切型土箱的研制[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(1):89-97.(CHEN Guo-xing,WANG Zhi-hua,ZUO Xi,etal.Development of laminar shear soil container forshaking table tests[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2010,32(1):89-97.(in Chinese))
[12]左熹,杨树才,陈国兴.地铁车站结构非线性地震损伤演化规律分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(1):110-116.(ZUO Xi,YANG Shu-cai,CHEN Guo-xing.Analysis on evolution of nonlinearseismic damage of subway station structure[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2010,32(1):110-116.(in Chinese))
[13]韩晓健,左熹,陈国兴.基于虚拟仪器技术的振动台模型试验98通道动态信号采集系统研制[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(5):503-508.(HANXiao-jian,ZUO Xi,CHEN Guo-xing.98 channels’dynamic signal acquisition system development forshaking table test based on virtual instrument technology[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and MitgationEngineering,2010,30(5):503-508.(in Chinese))
[14]王道荣.高速侵彻现象的工程分析方法和数值模拟研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2002:49-53.(WANG Daorong.Study on engineering analyticalmodel and numerical simulation on hypervelocitypenetration[D].Hefei:University of Science andTechnology of China,2002:49-53.(in Chinese))
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