轨道约束对铁路减隔震桥梁地震响应的影响
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摘要
轨道是限制铁路桥梁减隔震装置在地震中发挥耗能作用的一个可能因素。为了分析轨道约束对铁路减隔震桥梁地震响应的影响,以高速铁路客运专线上两座采用不同减隔震装置的32m简支桥梁为对象,用非线性弹簧单元模拟道床的纵向位移阻力关系,建立地震作用下桥梁与轨道共同作用的线桥一体化计算模型,对其进行弹塑性地震响应分析。结果表明:轨道对铁路减隔震桥梁纵向自振频率的影响不可忽视,影响程度与道床阻力系数有关,随着道床阻力系数增加,结构的自振频率增大;轨道约束虽然对墩底的最大地震剪力影响不大,但对桥梁纵向地震位移和减隔震装置变形的影响出现增大和减小两种现象,设计时应考虑轨道约束产生的不利因素,适当提高相邻梁间的结构允许相对变形要求。
The track structure is a possible factor limiting the energy dissipation function of cushion seats of a railway bridge in earthquake.In order to analyze the effects of rail restraints on seismic behavior of railway bridges equipped with cushion seats,two 32 m-span simply-supported beam bridges of dedicated high-speed passenger railway lines installed with different cushion seats were taken as the objects for study.The longitudinal displacement-resistance relationship of roadbeds were simulated with nonlinear spring elements.The rail-bridge model was established,which was under the coaction of rail and bridge in earthquake.Elastic-plastic seismic responses were analyzed.The research results show as follows:The influence of the track structures on the natural frequencies of vibration of railway bridges with cushion seats cannot be ignored,and the degree of influence changes with the roadbed resistance,i.e.,the higher the roadbed resistance coefficient,the higher the natural frequency of vibration of the track structure;the influence of track restraints on the maximum seismic shear forces at the bottom of piers is small,the influence on longitudinal seismic displacements of girders and on deformations of cushion seats may be subject to both increase and decrease;unfavourable factors caused be track restraints should be taken into consideration in seismic design of railway bridges,requirements for allowable displacements between adjacent girders should be intensified adequately.
The track structure is a possible factor limiting the energy dissipation function of cushion seats of a railway bridge in earthquake.In order to analyze the effects of rail restraints on seismic behavior of railway bridges equipped with cushion seats,two 32 m-span simply-supported beam bridges of dedicated high-speed passenger railway lines installed with different cushion seats were taken as the objects for study.The longitudinal displacement-resistance relationship of roadbeds were simulated with nonlinear spring elements.The rail-bridge model was established,which was under the coaction of rail and bridge in earthquake.Elastic-plastic seismic responses were analyzed.The research results show as follows:The influence of the track structures on the natural frequencies of vibration of railway bridges with cushion seats cannot be ignored,and the degree of influence changes with the roadbed resistance,i.e.,the higher the roadbed resistance coefficient,the higher the natural frequency of vibration of the track structure;the influence of track restraints on the maximum seismic shear forces at the bottom of piers is small,the influence on longitudinal seismic displacements of girders and on deformations of cushion seats may be subject to both increase and decrease;unfavourable factors caused be track restraints should be taken into consideration in seismic design of railway bridges,requirements for allowable displacements between adjacent girders should be intensified adequately.
引文
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[12]黄艳,阎贵平,刘林.轨道约束对铁路桥梁纵向地震反应特性的影响[J].铁道学报,2002,24(5):124-128.HUANG Yan,YAN Gui-ping,LIU Lin.Effects of RailRestraints on Longitudinal Seismic Response of RailwayBridges[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2002,24(5):124-128.
[13]罗学海,朱葳,谢逢萱.铁路实体桥墩动力分析的简化方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1982,2(3):87-95.LUO Xue-hai,ZHU Wei,XIE Feng-xuan.A Simplified Method for Dynamic Analysis of Piers of Railway Bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1982,2(3):87-95.
[14]MARAGAKIS E,DOUGLAS B,HAQUE S,et al.Full-Scale Response Tests of a Railway Bridge[C]//Structures Congress-Proceedings1.ASCE,1996:183-190.
[2]张骏,汤劲松.铁路简支梁桥支座的减震性能研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2002,15(1):64-69.ZHANG Jun,TANG Jin-song.Research on Bearing Isola-tion Performance of Railway Simply Supported RC BeamBridge[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,2002,15(1):64-69.
[3]张贞阁,钟铁毅,王丽.铁路连续梁桥铅芯橡胶支座的减隔震研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(5):41-45.ZHANG Zhen-ge,ZHONG Tie-yi,WANG Li.Study on Vi-bration Absorption and Isolation of Continuous Beam Rail-way Bridge by Lead Cored Rubber Buffer[J].China SafetyScience Journal,2003,13(5):41-45.
[4]张俊平,高向宇,周福霖,等.铁路桥梁制动力调节体系的研究[J].铁道学报,2002,24(3):78-83.ZHANG Jun-ping,GAO Xiang-yu,ZHOU Fu-lin,et al.Study on Brake Forces Adaptive System for Railway Bridge[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2002,24(3):78-83.
[5]杨风利.铁路桥梁减隔震设计方法及设计参数研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[6]IEMURA H,IWATA S,MURATA K.Shake Table Testsand Numerical Modeling of Seismically Isolated RailwayBridges[C]//Proceedings of the 13th World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,2004,No.1780.
[7]广钟岩,高慧安,陈岳源,等.铁路无缝线路[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.
[8]卜一之.高速铁路桥梁纵向力传递机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,1998.
[9]ZAYAS V,LOW S,MAHIN S.A Simple Pendulum Tech-nique for Achieving Seismic Isolation[J].Earthquake Spec-tra,1990,(6):317-334.
[10]TOYOOKA A,IKEDA M,YANAGAWA H,et al.Effectsof Track Structure on Seismic Behavior of Isolation Sys-tem Bridges[J].QR of RTRI,2005,46(4):238-243.
[11]HOUSNER G W.Intensity of Ground Shaking Near theCausative Fault[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd World Con-ference on Earthquake Engineering.1965:1,81-94.
[12]黄艳,阎贵平,刘林.轨道约束对铁路桥梁纵向地震反应特性的影响[J].铁道学报,2002,24(5):124-128.HUANG Yan,YAN Gui-ping,LIU Lin.Effects of RailRestraints on Longitudinal Seismic Response of RailwayBridges[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2002,24(5):124-128.
[13]罗学海,朱葳,谢逢萱.铁路实体桥墩动力分析的简化方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1982,2(3):87-95.LUO Xue-hai,ZHU Wei,XIE Feng-xuan.A Simplified Method for Dynamic Analysis of Piers of Railway Bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1982,2(3):87-95.
[14]MARAGAKIS E,DOUGLAS B,HAQUE S,et al.Full-Scale Response Tests of a Railway Bridge[C]//Structures Congress-Proceedings1.ASCE,1996:183-190.
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