强震区软岩隧道大变形破坏特征及其成因机制分析
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摘要
对在建的穿越5·12强震区发震断裂带上广甘高速公路杜家山软岩隧道中多次出现的大变形及塌方等地质灾害特征、影响因素及其成因机制的分析表明:强震区软岩隧道变形破坏多以坍塌为主,且多数发生于掌子面附近;围岩自稳能力差及地下水对岩体的软化作用是隧道发生变形破坏的主要诱因,但5·12强震及后期余震作用形成的大量深部震裂损伤岩体也是产生上述现象的重要因素之一,复杂的区域环境造成设计、施工中类似经验不足也是引发上述现象不可忽视的重要环节。研究表明,对于强震区软岩隧道应结合现场实际情况适当调整围岩的预留变形量及安全控制基准,加强原有的支护参数,施工中重视各环节的工艺衔接,采用以三台阶+预留核心土的微台阶法可有效控制上述灾害的产生。
Based on the study of repeatedly appearing geological hazards such as large deformation and collapse,and the formation mechanism and influencing factors of Dujiashan tunnel through soft rock which is under construction for Guangyuan—Gansu expressway,traversing the 5.12 fault zone in meizoseismal areas,it was shown that collapses were the main deformation failure of soft rock tunnels in meizoseismal areas;and most of them happened near the tunnel faces.The low strength of surrounding rock and softening effect from groundwater on rock mass are inducements of tunnel s deformation,and there is also a vital factor that causes the phenomena above,i.e.the effect of the massive deep shattering damaged rock mass caused by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and the aftershocks.At the same time,the complicated regional environment caused by insufficient similar experience in design and construction is another key factor that cannot be ignored.The research indicates that,during the construction of soft rock tunnels in meizoseismal areas,proper adjustments of reserved deformation and safety control criterion should be taken based on practical engineering site,strong supporting parameters should be adopted,the techniques connecting each link during construction should be paid attentions to,and the disasters can be effectively controlled with the adoption of micro-bench method using three steps and reserved core soil excavation.
Based on the study of repeatedly appearing geological hazards such as large deformation and collapse,and the formation mechanism and influencing factors of Dujiashan tunnel through soft rock which is under construction for Guangyuan—Gansu expressway,traversing the 5.12 fault zone in meizoseismal areas,it was shown that collapses were the main deformation failure of soft rock tunnels in meizoseismal areas;and most of them happened near the tunnel faces.The low strength of surrounding rock and softening effect from groundwater on rock mass are inducements of tunnel s deformation,and there is also a vital factor that causes the phenomena above,i.e.the effect of the massive deep shattering damaged rock mass caused by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and the aftershocks.At the same time,the complicated regional environment caused by insufficient similar experience in design and construction is another key factor that cannot be ignored.The research indicates that,during the construction of soft rock tunnels in meizoseismal areas,proper adjustments of reserved deformation and safety control criterion should be taken based on practical engineering site,strong supporting parameters should be adopted,the techniques connecting each link during construction should be paid attentions to,and the disasters can be effectively controlled with the adoption of micro-bench method using three steps and reserved core soil excavation.
引文
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[12]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTG D70—2004公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(The ProfessionalStandards Compilation Group of People s Republic of China.JTGD70—2004 Code for design of highway tunnel[S].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[2]叶圣教.铁路工程建设科技动态报告文集——铁路隧道及地下工程[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995:120-134.(YEShengjiao.Report collection of railway engineering constructionscience and technology trends—railway tunnel and undergroundengineering[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1995:120-134.(in Chinese))
[3]关宝树,赵勇.软弱围岩隧道施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011:23-30.(GUAN Baoshu,ZHAO Yong.Soft rock tunnelconstruction technology[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2011:23-30.(in Chinese))
[4]张志强,关宝树.软弱围岩隧道在高地应力条件下的变形规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6):696-700.(ZHANG Zhiqiang,GUAN Baoshu.Research on the deformation rule of weak rockmass tunnel under high initial geostress[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2000,22(6):696-700.(in Chinese))
[5]文熠.软弱围岩隧道动态变形规律及信息化施工技术研究[硕士学位论文][D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2008.(WEN Yi.Researchon dynamic deformation regulation and information constructiontechnology of the tunnel in the soft surrounding rock[M.S.Thesis][D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science and Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]刘清松.挤压性软弱围岩隧道大变形控制技术的研究[硕士学位论文][D].成都:西南交通大学,2004.(LIU Qingsong.Study oncontrol technique for great deformation tunnels in soft surroundingrock of press[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2004.(in Chinese))
[7]王树仁,刘招伟,屈晓红,等.软岩隧道大变形力学机制与刚隙柔层支护技术[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(6):90-95.(WANGShuren,LIU Zhaowei,QU Xiaohong,et al.Large deformationmechanical mechanism and rigid-gap-flexible-layer supportingtechnology of soft rock tunnel[J].China Journal of Highway andTransport,2009,22(6):90-95.(in Chinese))
[8]刘志春,李文江,朱永全,等.软岩大变形隧道二次衬砌施作时机探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):580-588.(LIUZhichun,LI Wenjiang,ZHU Yongquan,et al.Research on constructiontime of secondary lining in soft rock of large-deformation tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):580-588.(in Chinese))
[9]谢士宏.七步开挖作业法在大跨度隧道软弱围岩施工中的应用[J].石家庄联合技术职业学院学术研究,2006,1(3):10-13.(XIE Shihong.Apply Seven-step Construction method on theconstruction in large-span tunnel weak rock[J].Academic Researchof Shijiazhuang Lionful Technology College,2006,1(3):10-13.(in Chinese))
[10]陈锡民.施工中隧道初期支护变形侵限的处理[J].铁道建筑,2001,(1):20-21.(CHEN Ximin.Treatment measures of firstsupporting deformation penetration limit during construction period[J].Railway Construction,2001,(1):20-21.(in Chinese))
[11]孙振,李海清.强余震条件下的酒家垭隧道修建技术[C]//和谐地球上的水工岩石力学——第三届全国水工岩石力学学术会议论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010:313-318.(SUN Zhen,LI Haiqing.Construction technology of Jiujiaya tunnel under strong aftershock[C]//Hydraulic Rock Mechanics in Harmonious Earth—Collection of theThird National Hydraulic Rock Mechanics Academic Conference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010:313-318.(in Chinese))
[12]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTG D70—2004公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(The ProfessionalStandards Compilation Group of People s Republic of China.JTGD70—2004 Code for design of highway tunnel[S].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2004.(in Chinese))
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