地裂缝活动对跨越裂缝带地铁隧道的影响分析
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摘要
根据西安地裂缝的分布特征与活动方式,结合西安地铁二号线的实际情况,建立地质模型。通过数值计算,分析了地裂缝环境下隧道的变形和受力,并据此来研究穿越地裂缝隧道的设防范围、重点设防位置;研究了地裂缝环境下围岩压力的分布特征,为隧道受力模型的简化提供依据。由分析结果可见,地裂缝环境下隧道变形和受力的主要设防范围为上盘距离地裂缝40 m至下盘距离裂缝30 m共70 m范围;隧道纵向受力的最危险位置为裂缝两侧15～20 m处,隧道受剪最危险范围为裂缝两侧各15 m之内;在上盘地裂缝影响范围内隧道顶部的竖向围岩压力远远大于底部竖向围岩压力,此时可以忽略隧道底部土体的竖向作用力,将结构当作一根以沉降变形区两端为支撑的简支梁构件,采用极限平衡理论求解作用于隧道顶部的竖向围岩压力,并据此进行纵向抗弯设计。
Based on the distribution and movement of ground fissures and the condition of No.2 metro tunnel in Xi’an,a geological model is established.Through the numerical analysis of finite element model,the protection range of the metro tunnel crossing ground fissures and its most dangerous section are confirmed by analyzing its deformation and stress states,and then,the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock pressure are studied so as to provide a basis for simplification of the model to calculate the stress of the metro tunnel crossing ground fissure.The results show that the main protection range of deformation and stress of the metro tunnel is from the location at the upper wall 40 m to that at the lower wall 30 m away from the fissure,that the most dangerous section is mainly distributed at the place of the ground fissure with a distance of 15~20 m at both sides,and that the structure in the range of 15 m away from the fissure at both sides suffers the maximum shear stress.The vertical pressure above the metro tunnel at the upper wall near the fissure is greater than that at the bottom,and the latter may be ignored.Therefore,the section of the metro tunnel crossing the fissure should be regarded as a beam which is sustained at the two sides of the subsiding area,and the vertical pressure of wall rock used to confirm the flexural torque produced by the activity of ground fissures should be calculated by the theory of stress transfer.
Based on the distribution and movement of ground fissures and the condition of No.2 metro tunnel in Xi’an,a geological model is established.Through the numerical analysis of finite element model,the protection range of the metro tunnel crossing ground fissures and its most dangerous section are confirmed by analyzing its deformation and stress states,and then,the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock pressure are studied so as to provide a basis for simplification of the model to calculate the stress of the metro tunnel crossing ground fissure.The results show that the main protection range of deformation and stress of the metro tunnel is from the location at the upper wall 40 m to that at the lower wall 30 m away from the fissure,that the most dangerous section is mainly distributed at the place of the ground fissure with a distance of 15~20 m at both sides,and that the structure in the range of 15 m away from the fissure at both sides suffers the maximum shear stress.The vertical pressure above the metro tunnel at the upper wall near the fissure is greater than that at the bottom,and the latter may be ignored.Therefore,the section of the metro tunnel crossing the fissure should be regarded as a beam which is sustained at the two sides of the subsiding area,and the vertical pressure of wall rock used to confirm the flexural torque produced by the activity of ground fissures should be calculated by the theory of stress transfer.
引文
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[13]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open-cut metro tunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(in Chinese))
[14]黄强兵,彭建兵,樊红卫,等.西安地裂缝对地铁隧道的危害及防治措施研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(5):781–788.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Hong-wei,et al.Metro tunnel hazards induced by active ground fissures in Xi’an and relevant control measures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(5):781–788.(in Chinese))
[15]邓亚虹,彭建兵,范文,等.地裂缝活动环境下盾构隧道双层晨起性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(曾2):3860–3867.(DENG Ya-hong,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Analysis of double-layered liner behaviors of shield tunnel under active moving ground-fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S2):3860–3867.(in Chinese))
[16]易学发.西安市地面不均匀沉降及地裂缝成因的讨论[J].地震,1984(6):50–54.(YI Xue-fa.Research on the asymmetry decline ground and the cause of ground fissure in Xi’an[J].Earthquake,1984(6):50–54.(in Chinese))
[17]王六桥,李善茵.地下水变化引起地面变形的可能机理[J].地震学报,1984,6(2):203–210.(WANG Liu-qiao,LI Shan-yin.Research on the deformation principle of ground induced by the variety level of ground water[J].Journal of Earthquake,1984,6(2):203–210.(in Chinese))
[18]赵其华,王兰生.构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模型[J].工程地质学报,1995(3):21–27.(ZHAO Qi-hua,WANG Lan-sheng.Mechanic model of geology about the extend principles of conformation gravity[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1995(3):21–27.(in Chinese))
[19]刘国昌.西安的地裂缝[J].西安地质学院院报,1986(4):9–22.(LIU Guo-chang.Ground fissure of Xi’an[J].Journal of Xi’an Geology College,1986(4):9–22.(in Chinese))
[20]PEN J B,SUN P,LI X A.Ground fissure:the major geological and environmental problem in the development of Xi’an City,China[M]//Environmental Science and Technology,2006:469–474.
[2]王景明.地裂缝及其灾害的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.(WANG Jing-ming.Theory of ground fissure hazards and its application[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[3]张家明.西安地裂缝研究[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1990.(ZHANG Jia-ming.Research on ground fissures in the region of Xi’an[M].Xi’an:North West University Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[4]李永善.西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(LI Yong-shan.Research on ground fissures in Xi’an region and active faults in Weihei basin[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[5]武强,陈佩佩.地裂缝灾害研究现状与展望[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14(1):22–27.(WU Qiang,CHEN Pei-pei.Research on state of art and prospect of earth fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2003,14(1):22–27.(in Chinese))
[6]门玉明,石玉玲.西安地裂缝研究中的若干重要科学问题[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,2(30):172–176.(MEN Yu-ming,SHI Yu-ling.Some important scientific questions in the research on Xi’an ground fissure[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2008,2(30):172–176.(in Chinese))
[7]师亚芹.跨西安地裂缝建筑一般建筑物的可能性探讨[J].灾害学,2001,16(2):76–81.(SHI Ya-qin.Discussion on possibility to construct ordinary buildings across ground fissures in Xi'an[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2001,16(2):76–81.(in Chinese))
[8]伍法权,王学潮,国连杰,等.南水北调西线一期工程区断层活动性及其对工程的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1370–1374.(WU Fa-quan,WANG Xue-chao,GUO Lian-jie,et al.Fault activity and its effect on the west line of water diversion project from south to north of China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1370–1374.(in Chinese))
[9]黄生文,司铁汉,陈文胜,等.断层对大跨度隧道围岩应力影响的有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):3788–3793.(HUANG Sheng-wen,SI Tie-han,CHEN Wen-sheng,et al.Finite element analyses of influence of fault on large-span tunnel surrounding rock stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,25(2):3788–3793.(in Chinese))
[10]张东升,张吉雄,徐金海.预掘巷过断层及其矸石井下处理技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):178–182.(ZHANG Dong-shen,ZHANG Ji-xiong,XU Jin-hai.Pre-driven roadway in fault and underground disposal of associated waste[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):178–182.(in Chinese))
[11]西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线穿过地裂缝带的结构措施专题研究[R].西安:长安大学,2007.(Research on structure technique of No 2 subway tunnel cross through the ground fissure belt of Xi’an[R].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2007.(in Chinese))
[12]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(FAN Wen,DENG Long-sheng,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Study on the physical model experiment of metro tunnel crossing ground fissure belt[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(in Chinese))
[13]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open-cut metro tunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(in Chinese))
[14]黄强兵,彭建兵,樊红卫,等.西安地裂缝对地铁隧道的危害及防治措施研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(5):781–788.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Hong-wei,et al.Metro tunnel hazards induced by active ground fissures in Xi’an and relevant control measures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(5):781–788.(in Chinese))
[15]邓亚虹,彭建兵,范文,等.地裂缝活动环境下盾构隧道双层晨起性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(曾2):3860–3867.(DENG Ya-hong,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Analysis of double-layered liner behaviors of shield tunnel under active moving ground-fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S2):3860–3867.(in Chinese))
[16]易学发.西安市地面不均匀沉降及地裂缝成因的讨论[J].地震,1984(6):50–54.(YI Xue-fa.Research on the asymmetry decline ground and the cause of ground fissure in Xi’an[J].Earthquake,1984(6):50–54.(in Chinese))
[17]王六桥,李善茵.地下水变化引起地面变形的可能机理[J].地震学报,1984,6(2):203–210.(WANG Liu-qiao,LI Shan-yin.Research on the deformation principle of ground induced by the variety level of ground water[J].Journal of Earthquake,1984,6(2):203–210.(in Chinese))
[18]赵其华,王兰生.构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模型[J].工程地质学报,1995(3):21–27.(ZHAO Qi-hua,WANG Lan-sheng.Mechanic model of geology about the extend principles of conformation gravity[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1995(3):21–27.(in Chinese))
[19]刘国昌.西安的地裂缝[J].西安地质学院院报,1986(4):9–22.(LIU Guo-chang.Ground fissure of Xi’an[J].Journal of Xi’an Geology College,1986(4):9–22.(in Chinese))
[20]PEN J B,SUN P,LI X A.Ground fissure:the major geological and environmental problem in the development of Xi’an City,China[M]//Environmental Science and Technology,2006:469–474.
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