西安地裂缝对地铁隧道的危害及防治措施研究
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摘要
西安地裂缝是一种独特的城市地质灾害,其活动对地铁建设造成严重威胁,西安地铁建设的关键是如何解决地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的问题。以西安地铁穿越地裂缝带为研究对象,在地裂缝基本特征分析和未来活动趋势预测的基础上,分析了地裂缝活动对地铁隧道的危害模式,从结构、防水、地基基础与变形监测等方面提出了如下防治措施:结构上应采用扩大断面、预留净空、分段设缝加柔性接头和局部衬砌加强等措施;防水方面宜采用可卸式管片拼装双层结构法和波纹板强化橡胶复合材料制成的防裂止水带处理;地基基础处理方面采用地基注浆加固法和弹性囊变形恢复法处理;建立隧道衬砌和轨道的变形监测预警方案;地铁线路走向应尽量与地裂缝正交或大角度相交,避免小角度相交;严格禁止在地铁沿线一定范围内开采地下水。研究成果可为西安地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的施工、结构和防水设计以及隧道病害监测与防治提供重要参考。
The ground fissures in Xi’an are one of the particular urban geological hazards and have a serious threat on Xi’an metro construction,so it is the key for Xi’an metro construction to solve the problem of active ground fissures.On the background of Xi’an metro transversing the active ground fissure zones,the metro tunnel hazards induced by active ground fissures are analyzed based on the characteristics of ground fissures and their moving trend.The control measures are put forward from the following aspects: structural measures such as the enlarged cross-section,local reinforced lining,segmented tunnel lining and flexible joints;waterproof measures including the detachable segment method and a new flexible anti-cracking sealing strip made of fortified corrugated plate rubber complex material;foundation injected reinforcement and method of foundation deformation recovery of elastic sack;establishment of warning programs of the deformation of tunnel lining and metro track;design of the strike of metro line perpendicular with ground fissure zones or intersecting with large angle;and prohibition of groundwater withdrawal within a certain scope along the metro.The conclusions can be presented as the reference for the structural and waterproof design of metro tunnel going through the active ground fissure zones.
The ground fissures in Xi’an are one of the particular urban geological hazards and have a serious threat on Xi’an metro construction,so it is the key for Xi’an metro construction to solve the problem of active ground fissures.On the background of Xi’an metro transversing the active ground fissure zones,the metro tunnel hazards induced by active ground fissures are analyzed based on the characteristics of ground fissures and their moving trend.The control measures are put forward from the following aspects: structural measures such as the enlarged cross-section,local reinforced lining,segmented tunnel lining and flexible joints;waterproof measures including the detachable segment method and a new flexible anti-cracking sealing strip made of fortified corrugated plate rubber complex material;foundation injected reinforcement and method of foundation deformation recovery of elastic sack;establishment of warning programs of the deformation of tunnel lining and metro track;design of the strike of metro line perpendicular with ground fissure zones or intersecting with large angle;and prohibition of groundwater withdrawal within a certain scope along the metro.The conclusions can be presented as the reference for the structural and waterproof design of metro tunnel going through the active ground fissure zones.
引文
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[14]彭建兵,范文,黄强兵.西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线穿过地裂缝带的结构措施专题研究[R].西安:长安大学,铁道第一勘察设计院,2006.(PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,HUANG Qiang-bing.Special research on structural measurements of Xi’an urban express track traffic No.2 going through ground fissures[R].Xi’an:Chang’an University,China Railway First Survey and Design Institute,2006.(in Chinese))
[15]黄强兵,彭建兵,范文,等.西安地铁二号线沿线地裂缝未来位错量估算及工程分级[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):469–474.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Estimation of the maximum displacement of ground fissures along Xi’an Metro Line 2 and its engineering classification[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):469–474.(in Chinese))
[16]STIRBYS Anthony F,RADWANSKI Z Richard,et al.Los Angeles metro rail project-geologic and geotechnical design and construction constraints[J].Engineering Geology,1999,51:203–224.
[17]SHAHIDI A R,VAFAEIAN M.Analysis of longitudinal profile of the tunnels in active faulted zone and designing the flexible lining(for Koohrang-Ⅲtunne l)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:213–221.
[18]陕西大地地震工程勘察中心.西安地裂缝与轨道交通#2线防裂防渗研究[R].西安:陕西大地地震工程勘察中心,2006.(Shaan Xi Geodetic Seismic Survey Center.Research on crack-control and antiseep measures of Xi’an Metro Line 2 going through the ground fissures[R].Xi’an:Shaanxi Geodectic Seismic Survey Center 2006.(in Chinese))
[19]樊红卫.西安地铁一号线通过地裂缝对策研究[C]//中国交通运输协会城市轨道交通专业委员会首届中青年专家论文集,北京:2002:105–109.(FAN Hong-wei.Study on the countermeasure for the Xi’an Metro Line 1 to transverse ground fissure[C]//The First Young Experts’Proceedings of Urban Track Transportation Professional Committee of China Transport Association,Beijing,2002:105–109.(in Chinese))
[20]杨育僧.西安地铁二号线区间隧道通过地裂缝带方案探讨[J].都市快轨交通,2006,19(3):67–69.(YANG Yu-seng.A scheme for the transit tunnels of Xi’an Metro Line 2 to pass through ground fissures[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2006,19(3):67–69.(in Chinese)).
[21]张雪松,邓景纹,董云德.上海地铁车站结构防水措施评述[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(5):107–110.(ZHANG Xue-song,DENG Jing-wen,DONG Yun-de.The evaluation of water-proofing work for Shanghai Metro stations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(5):107–110.(in Chinese))
[22]高树东.深圳地铁一期工程混凝土结构自防水措施研究[J].现代隧道技术,2002,39(1):24–28.(GAO Shu-dong.Study on self-waterproofing for concrete structure of phase I project,Shenzhen Metro[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2002,39(1):24–28.(in Chinese))
[2]LEE C F,ZHANG J M,ZHANG Y X.Evolution and origin of the ground fissures in Xian,China[J].Engineering Geology,1996,43:45–55.
[3]李永善.西安地裂缝及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(LI Yong-shan.Research on ground fissures in xi’an region and active faults in Weihe basin[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[4]王景明.地裂缝及其灾害的理论分析与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.(WANG Jing-ming.Theory of ground fissures hazards and its application[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[5]彭建兵.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992.(PENG Jian-bing.Active faults and geological hazards in Weihe basin[M].Xi’an:Northwest University Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[6]武强,陈佩佩.地裂缝灾害研究现状与展望[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14(1):22–27.(WU Qiang,CHEN Pei-pei.Research on state of art and prospect of earth fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2003,14(1):22–27.(in Chinese))
[7]王庆良,刘玉海,陈志新,等.抽水引起的含水层水平应变—地裂缝活动新机理[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):46–50.(WANG Qing-liang,LIU Yu-hai,CHEN Zhi-xin,et al.Horizontal strain of aquifer induced by ground water pumping—a new mechanism for ground fissure movement[J].Journal of Engineeing Geology,2002,10(1):46–50.(in Chinese))
[8]师亚琴.跨西安地裂缝建设一般建筑物的可能性探讨[J].灾害学,2001,16(2):76–81.(SHI Ya-qin.Discussion on possibility to construct ordinary buildings across ground fissures in Xi’an[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2001,16(2):76–81.(in Chinese))
[9]DBJ61—6—2006,J10821—2006西安地裂缝场地勘察与工程设计规程[S].2006.(DBJ61—6—2006,J10821—2006 Specification for site investigation and engineering design on Xi’an ground fractures[S].2006.(in Chinese))
[10]毛应生,柳丽英,王德信,等.西安市地裂对市政构筑物的破坏机理与对策的探讨[J].城市道桥与防洪,2002(2):1–6.(MAO Ying-sheng,LIU Li-ying,WANG De-xin,et al.Approach to mechanism and countermeasure of municipal structures destroyed by ground cracking in Xi’an City[J].Urban Roads Bridges&Flood Control,2002(2):1–6.(in Chinese))
[11]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(FAN Wen,DENG Long-sheng,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Study on the physical model experiment of subway tunnel crossing the ground fisure belt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(in Chinese))
[12]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open-cut metro tunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(in Chinese))
[13]邓亚虹,彭建兵,范文,等.地裂缝活动环境下盾构隧道双层衬砌性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3861–3867.(DENG Ya-hong,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Analysis of double-layer liner’s behaviors of shield tunnel under the environment of moving ground-fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S2)3861–3867.(in Chinese))
[14]彭建兵,范文,黄强兵.西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线穿过地裂缝带的结构措施专题研究[R].西安:长安大学,铁道第一勘察设计院,2006.(PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,HUANG Qiang-bing.Special research on structural measurements of Xi’an urban express track traffic No.2 going through ground fissures[R].Xi’an:Chang’an University,China Railway First Survey and Design Institute,2006.(in Chinese))
[15]黄强兵,彭建兵,范文,等.西安地铁二号线沿线地裂缝未来位错量估算及工程分级[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):469–474.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Estimation of the maximum displacement of ground fissures along Xi’an Metro Line 2 and its engineering classification[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):469–474.(in Chinese))
[16]STIRBYS Anthony F,RADWANSKI Z Richard,et al.Los Angeles metro rail project-geologic and geotechnical design and construction constraints[J].Engineering Geology,1999,51:203–224.
[17]SHAHIDI A R,VAFAEIAN M.Analysis of longitudinal profile of the tunnels in active faulted zone and designing the flexible lining(for Koohrang-Ⅲtunne l)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:213–221.
[18]陕西大地地震工程勘察中心.西安地裂缝与轨道交通#2线防裂防渗研究[R].西安:陕西大地地震工程勘察中心,2006.(Shaan Xi Geodetic Seismic Survey Center.Research on crack-control and antiseep measures of Xi’an Metro Line 2 going through the ground fissures[R].Xi’an:Shaanxi Geodectic Seismic Survey Center 2006.(in Chinese))
[19]樊红卫.西安地铁一号线通过地裂缝对策研究[C]//中国交通运输协会城市轨道交通专业委员会首届中青年专家论文集,北京:2002:105–109.(FAN Hong-wei.Study on the countermeasure for the Xi’an Metro Line 1 to transverse ground fissure[C]//The First Young Experts’Proceedings of Urban Track Transportation Professional Committee of China Transport Association,Beijing,2002:105–109.(in Chinese))
[20]杨育僧.西安地铁二号线区间隧道通过地裂缝带方案探讨[J].都市快轨交通,2006,19(3):67–69.(YANG Yu-seng.A scheme for the transit tunnels of Xi’an Metro Line 2 to pass through ground fissures[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2006,19(3):67–69.(in Chinese)).
[21]张雪松,邓景纹,董云德.上海地铁车站结构防水措施评述[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(5):107–110.(ZHANG Xue-song,DENG Jing-wen,DONG Yun-de.The evaluation of water-proofing work for Shanghai Metro stations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(5):107–110.(in Chinese))
[22]高树东.深圳地铁一期工程混凝土结构自防水措施研究[J].现代隧道技术,2002,39(1):24–28.(GAO Shu-dong.Study on self-waterproofing for concrete structure of phase I project,Shenzhen Metro[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2002,39(1):24–28.(in Chinese))
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