川藏公路培龙沟路段堆积物的分形特征及其地质意义
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摘要
川藏公路培龙沟路段有多种不同类型的堆积物。本文应用分形理论,探讨了培龙沟路段泥石流堆积物、冰碛堆积物、冲洪积堆积物以及坡积或者残坡积物的分形特征。通过粒度分析法计算出不同类型堆积物的粒度分维,得到泥石流堆积物分维最大,冰碛堆积物分维较大,坡积或者残坡积堆积物较小,冲积物或者洪积物分维最小的规律。最后系统论述了堆积物粒度分维的地质意义,认为堆积物粒度分维是对堆积物物质组成的复杂性和自组织性、堆积物形成过程和形成时间以及泥石流、冰川、河流和洪水等搬运能力和运动过程的反映和度量。该研究为野外不同类型堆积物的区分、成因、形成过程等研究提供了一种新的方法,具有一定参考价值。
In this paper,the authors explored the fractal features of debris flow accumulations,moraine accumulations,alluvial accumulations and residual accumulations at Peilong section along Sichuan-Tibet Highway.According to the fragmentation model and grain size analysis,grain-size fractal dimension were calculated for different types of accumulations.The results showed that fractal dimensions vary for accumulation: the debris flow accumulation with the greatest fractal dimension,the moraine accumulation with the second,residual accumulation with the third,and the alluvial accumulation with the smallest.At the end of the paper,geological significance of grain-size fractal dimension of accumulations was discussed in detail.The grain-size fractal dimension of accumulations reflects the complexity and self-organization property of accumulation,forming process,history of accumulation,and the carrying capacity of the dynamic process,such as debris flow,glacier,river,flood,and so on.Therefore,it can be used as an indictor for classification of accumulations and identification of their origins.This new method is anticipated to provide a better insight into origins of accumulations,which in turn could help gain a better understanding of engineering geological behaviors.
In this paper,the authors explored the fractal features of debris flow accumulations,moraine accumulations,alluvial accumulations and residual accumulations at Peilong section along Sichuan-Tibet Highway.According to the fragmentation model and grain size analysis,grain-size fractal dimension were calculated for different types of accumulations.The results showed that fractal dimensions vary for accumulation: the debris flow accumulation with the greatest fractal dimension,the moraine accumulation with the second,residual accumulation with the third,and the alluvial accumulation with the smallest.At the end of the paper,geological significance of grain-size fractal dimension of accumulations was discussed in detail.The grain-size fractal dimension of accumulations reflects the complexity and self-organization property of accumulation,forming process,history of accumulation,and the carrying capacity of the dynamic process,such as debris flow,glacier,river,flood,and so on.Therefore,it can be used as an indictor for classification of accumulations and identification of their origins.This new method is anticipated to provide a better insight into origins of accumulations,which in turn could help gain a better understanding of engineering geological behaviors.
引文
[1]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,西藏自治区交通科学研究所.川藏公路典型山地灾害研究[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.Institute ofMountain Hazards and Environm ent,Ch inese Academyof Sciences.A study of typ icalmountain hazards along S ichuan-Tibet h ighway.Chengdu:Chengdu science and technology un iver-sity press,1999.
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[5]肖裕行,肖树芳,徐瑞春.层间剪切带粒度分形几何特征及工程地质意义[J].工程地质学报,1997,5(2):118~123.X iao Yuxing,X iao Shufang,Xu Ru ichun.The fractal characteris-tics of grains from interlayer shear zones and their engineering geo-logical ind ications.Journal of engineering geology,1997,5(2):118~123.
[6]易顺民,唐辉明.滑坡分维特征及其预测意义[J].工程地质学报,1994,2(2):48~53.Y i Shunm in,Tang Hu im ing.The fractal d im ension of landslidesand sign ificance for their pred ication.Journal of engineering geolo-gy,1994,2(2):48~53.
[7]H.M ill n,M.Gonz lez-Posada,M.Agu ilar,et al..On the frac-tal scaling of soil data.Paricle-size d istributions[J].Geoderma,2003,(117):117~128.
[8]Franck Lavigne,H irosh i,Suwa.Contrasts between debris flows,hyperconcentrated flows and stream flows at a channel ofMount Se-m eru,East Java,Indonesia[J].Geomorphology,2004,(61):41~58.
[9]易顺民.泥石流堆积物的分形结构特征[J].自然灾害学报,1994,3(2):91~96.Y i Shunm in.The fractal structure features of accumu lation in deb-ris flow.Journal of natural d isasters.1994,3(2):91~94.
[10]易顺民,孙云志.泥石流的分形特征及其意义[J].地理科学,1997,17(1):24~30.Y i Shunm in,Sun Yunzh i.Fractal feature of debris flow and itssign ificance.Scientia geograph ic sin ica,1997,17(1):24~30.
[11]柏春广,王建.一种新的粒度指标:沉积物粒度分维值及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2003,(2):234~235.Bai Chunguang,W ang Jian.A new grain-size index:grain-size fractal d im ension of sed im ent and its environm ental sign ifi-cance.Acta sed im entologica sin ica,2003,(2):234~239.
[2]陈颙,陈凌.分形几何学[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.Chenyong,Chen ling.Fractal geom etry.Beijing:Seism press,1998.
[3]袁宝远,杨志法,肖树芳.岩体结构要素分形几何研究[J].工程地质学报,1998,6(4):355~361.Yuan Baoyuan,Yang Fazh i,X iao Shufang.Study on fractal geom-etry of essential elem ents of rock mass structure.Journal of engi-neering geology,1998,6(4):355~361.
[4]陈剑平,王清,肖树芳.岩体裂隙网络分维数计算机模拟[J].工程地质学报,1995,3(3):79~85.Chen Jianp ing,W angq ing,X iao Shufang.Computer modeling ofthe fractal d im ension of rock mass fracture netork.Journal of engi-neering geology,1998,3(4):79-85.
[5]肖裕行,肖树芳,徐瑞春.层间剪切带粒度分形几何特征及工程地质意义[J].工程地质学报,1997,5(2):118~123.X iao Yuxing,X iao Shufang,Xu Ru ichun.The fractal characteris-tics of grains from interlayer shear zones and their engineering geo-logical ind ications.Journal of engineering geology,1997,5(2):118~123.
[6]易顺民,唐辉明.滑坡分维特征及其预测意义[J].工程地质学报,1994,2(2):48~53.Y i Shunm in,Tang Hu im ing.The fractal d im ension of landslidesand sign ificance for their pred ication.Journal of engineering geolo-gy,1994,2(2):48~53.
[7]H.M ill n,M.Gonz lez-Posada,M.Agu ilar,et al..On the frac-tal scaling of soil data.Paricle-size d istributions[J].Geoderma,2003,(117):117~128.
[8]Franck Lavigne,H irosh i,Suwa.Contrasts between debris flows,hyperconcentrated flows and stream flows at a channel ofMount Se-m eru,East Java,Indonesia[J].Geomorphology,2004,(61):41~58.
[9]易顺民.泥石流堆积物的分形结构特征[J].自然灾害学报,1994,3(2):91~96.Y i Shunm in.The fractal structure features of accumu lation in deb-ris flow.Journal of natural d isasters.1994,3(2):91~94.
[10]易顺民,孙云志.泥石流的分形特征及其意义[J].地理科学,1997,17(1):24~30.Y i Shunm in,Sun Yunzh i.Fractal feature of debris flow and itssign ificance.Scientia geograph ic sin ica,1997,17(1):24~30.
[11]柏春广,王建.一种新的粒度指标:沉积物粒度分维值及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2003,(2):234~235.Bai Chunguang,W ang Jian.A new grain-size index:grain-size fractal d im ension of sed im ent and its environm ental sign ifi-cance.Acta sed im entologica sin ica,2003,(2):234~239.
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