黄河下游环境地质问题及其对堤防的影响
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摘要
对黄河下游存在的河道淤积、地面沉降、松软土分布广泛、水质污染、地下水位持续下降、河岸侵蚀崩塌、海平面变化等主要环境地质问题及其对黄河大堤所产生的影响进行了分析,提出的主要对策为:①从地质学、生物学、海洋学、地球化学、生态环境学等多学科入手,综合研究这些问题间的关系;②要着重研究黄河下游河道带地貌、微地貌,尤其是二级悬河的形成与演化规律;③要着重对黄河下游区域基底断裂的分布、活动性及地震问题进行研究,加强对活动断裂两盘的活动进行监测、分析和预测,并分析其对黄河河道演化的影响;④应把黄河看作是一个复杂的系统,加强对黄河中游泥沙的来源、运移、侵蚀和下游泥沙落淤的规律进行研究;⑤从新构造运动入手,分析研究海岸带地质作用、海平面的变化对黄河河床冲淤规律的影响以及在黄河下游河道演化中的作用;⑥应开展针对不良环境地质问题的调查、监测、预报工作,防止或减少各种地质灾害的发生,为沿黄经济建设提供可靠保障。
The paper analyzes the following main existing issues of the lower Yellow River on environmental geology of channel sedimentation, surface settlement, wide distribution of spongy soil, water pollution, continuous drawdown of ground water, erosion and collapse of banks and changes of sea level and influence on the embankments of the Yellow River and puts forward the main countermeasures as follows: a) Starting from multidisciplinary of geology, biology, oceanography, geochemistry and science of ecological environment to conduct an overall study on the relations among those issues; b) To put stress on the study of channel geomorphology and microtopography of the lower Yellow River, especially the laws of formation and evolution of the secondary suspended river; c) To put stress on the study of distribution and mobility of foundational fault and earthquake in the lower Yellow River, enhance the monitoring, analysis and prediction on active fracture and analyze the influence on the channel evolution; d) To take the Yellow River as a complicated system and put stress on the study of the laws of sediment origin, delivery and erosion in the middle reaches and sedimentation in the lower reaches of the Yellow River; e) To analyze and study on the influence of geological effects of coastal zone and variations of sea level on the laws of scouring and deposition of the riverbed and function in evolution of the lower channel of the Yellow River based on neotectonic movement and; f) To conduct survey, monitoring and prediction aiming at bad environmental geology, prevent or reduce various kinds of geologic hazards and provide reliable guarantee for economic development along the Yellow River.
The paper analyzes the following main existing issues of the lower Yellow River on environmental geology of channel sedimentation, surface settlement, wide distribution of spongy soil, water pollution, continuous drawdown of ground water, erosion and collapse of banks and changes of sea level and influence on the embankments of the Yellow River and puts forward the main countermeasures as follows: a) Starting from multidisciplinary of geology, biology, oceanography, geochemistry and science of ecological environment to conduct an overall study on the relations among those issues; b) To put stress on the study of channel geomorphology and microtopography of the lower Yellow River, especially the laws of formation and evolution of the secondary suspended river; c) To put stress on the study of distribution and mobility of foundational fault and earthquake in the lower Yellow River, enhance the monitoring, analysis and prediction on active fracture and analyze the influence on the channel evolution; d) To take the Yellow River as a complicated system and put stress on the study of the laws of sediment origin, delivery and erosion in the middle reaches and sedimentation in the lower reaches of the Yellow River; e) To analyze and study on the influence of geological effects of coastal zone and variations of sea level on the laws of scouring and deposition of the riverbed and function in evolution of the lower channel of the Yellow River based on neotectonic movement and; f) To conduct survey, monitoring and prediction aiming at bad environmental geology, prevent or reduce various kinds of geologic hazards and provide reliable guarantee for economic development along the Yellow River.
引文
[1] 戴英生.黄河的形成与发展简史[J].人民黄河,1986,(6).
[2] 王学潮,戴其祥,张瑞怡.黄河下游堤防地质勘察与研究回顾[J].人民黄河,2001,(9).
[3] 马国彦,王喜彦,李宏勋.黄河下游河道工程地质及淤积物物源分析[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1997.
[4] 成国栋.黄河三角洲现代沉积作用及模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[2] 王学潮,戴其祥,张瑞怡.黄河下游堤防地质勘察与研究回顾[J].人民黄河,2001,(9).
[3] 马国彦,王喜彦,李宏勋.黄河下游河道工程地质及淤积物物源分析[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1997.
[4] 成国栋.黄河三角洲现代沉积作用及模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
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