土遗址病害的评估体系研究
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摘要
土遗址病害评估是对土遗址进行科学保护、管理、利用的一项基础性工作,但土遗址病害评估的体系还没有建立。为此,通过对土遗址病害的分析,借鉴地质工程、岩土工程的相关理论和方法,采用逐次分析的方法评估土遗址的载体和本体病害,探讨了土遗址病害评估体系。通过研究认为,可以从地质灾害、稳定性、表面风化三方面对土遗址病害程度进行评估。地质灾害和稳定性有其它学科相对成熟的理论和方法可以借鉴和采用。表面风化评估应考虑到风化剥蚀速率、遗址保存程度和文物价值三个方面,引进风化度和文物价值权重系数的概念,利用模糊数学原理对表面风化的危险程度进行综合评估是一种新思路。
Evaluation of the deterioration of earthen sites is fundamental for the scientific protection,management and use of earthen sites;however no evaluation system has been established so far.Based on the analysis of specific earthen sites and using theories and methods of geological engineering and geotechnical engineering,the deterioration of the earthen site foundation and the earthen site itself were evaluated by sequential analysis.Deterioration of earthen sites can be evaluated based on measurements of geological destruction,stability and surface weathering.The relatively mature engineering approaches and theories for evaluating geological destruction and stability can be adopted.For surface weathering evaluation,the weathering erosion rate,the condition of the earthen site and the value of the site should be considered;the degree of weathering and the heritage site's value should be introduced into the model as a weighting coefficient.Using "fuzzy" mathematical theory,a new method was developed for systematically evaluating surface weathering.
Evaluation of the deterioration of earthen sites is fundamental for the scientific protection,management and use of earthen sites;however no evaluation system has been established so far.Based on the analysis of specific earthen sites and using theories and methods of geological engineering and geotechnical engineering,the deterioration of the earthen site foundation and the earthen site itself were evaluated by sequential analysis.Deterioration of earthen sites can be evaluated based on measurements of geological destruction,stability and surface weathering.The relatively mature engineering approaches and theories for evaluating geological destruction and stability can be adopted.For surface weathering evaluation,the weathering erosion rate,the condition of the earthen site and the value of the site should be considered;the degree of weathering and the heritage site's value should be introduced into the model as a weighting coefficient.Using "fuzzy" mathematical theory,a new method was developed for systematically evaluating surface weathering.
引文
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[24]张荫,赵冬,陈平.西安古城墙抗倾覆稳定性及城门券洞承载力分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,1999,31(3):240-242.ZHANG Yin,ZHAO Dong,CHENG Ping.Analyses on the stabilityof Xi'an city wall and the bearing capacity of the gate arch[J].JXi'an Univ Archit Technol,1999,31(3):240-242.
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[2]朱光亚,蒋惠.开发建筑遗产密集区的一项基础性工作—建筑遗产评估[J].规划师,1996,(1):33-37.ZHU Guang-ya,JIANG Hui.A basic work that architectural heritageassessment in developing its concentrated area[J].Planners,1996,(1):33-37.
[3]朱光亚,方遒,雷晓鸿.建筑遗产评估的一次探索[J].新建筑,1998,(2):22-24.ZHU Guang-ya,FANG Jun,LEI Xiao-hong,et al.A exploration formaking the architecture heritage evaluation[J].New Archit,1998,(2):22-24.
[4]梁雪春,达庆利,朱光亚.我国城乡历史地段综合价值的模糊综合评判[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002,4(2):44-46.LIANG Xue-chun,DA Qing-li,ZHU Guang-ya.FCE on the compre-hensive value of the architectural heritage in china[J].J SoutheastUniv(Phil Soc Sci Ed),2002,4(2):44-46.
[5]寇怀云.工业遗产技术价值保护研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2007.KOU Huai-yun.Study on protecting the value of technology of indus-trial heritage[D].Shanghai:Fudan University,2007.
[6]张毅衫,夏健.城市工业遗产的价值评价方法[J].苏州科技学院学报(工程技术版),2008,21(1):41-44.ZHANG Yi-shan,XIA Jian.Evaluation of the city industrial herit-age[J].J Univ Sci Technol Suzhou(Eng Technol Ed),2008,21(1):41-44.
[7]单霁翔局长在文物系统抗震救灾先进集体、先进个人表彰会上发表重要讲话[EB/OL].[2008-06-20]http:∥www.sach.gov.cn/tabid/294/InfoID/10190/Default.aspx.The speech of SHAN Ji-xiang in commendation meeting to the ad-vanced units and individuals of Cultural systems for seismic resist-ance and provide disaster relief[EB/OL].[2008-06-20]http:∥www.sach.gov.cn/tabid/294/InfoID/10190/Default.aspx.
[8]李文军,杨让宏.北京门头沟区戒台寺滑坡的变形机理与特点[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(2):140-146.LI Wen-jun,YANG Rang-hong.Deformation mechanism and char-acteristics of Jietai Temple Landslide,Beijing[J].Chin J GeolHazard Contr,2006,17(2):140-146.
[9]宋彦辉,任光明,聂德新.西宁市北山寺滑坡稳定分析及治理措施建议[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2003,14(2):27-29.SONG Yan-hui,REN Guang-ming,NIE De-xin.Stability analysisand treatment method for the BeiShan temple landslide located inXiNing city[J].J Geol Hazards Envir Preserv,2003,14(2):27-29.
[10]马杨.义马市石佛村鸿庆寺石窟重点文物保护区地质滑坡体浅析[J].三门峡职业技术学院学报,2009,8(3):103-105.MA Yang.Analysis on geological landslide of the Yima city Shifovillage Hongqing Temple Grottoes key cultural relics protectionzone[J].J Sanmenxia Polytech,2009,8(3):103-105.
[11]吴庆龙,张培震,张会平,等.黄河上游积石峡古地震堰塞溃决事件与喇家遗址异常古洪水灾害[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(8):1148-1159.WU Qing-long,ZHANG Pei-zheng,ZHANG Hui-ping,et al.Apalaeo-earthquake induced damming and bursting of Yellow Riverand the abnormal flood that destroyed Lajia relic[J].Sci China SerD-Earth Sci,2009,39(8):1148-1159.
[12]夏正楷,杨晓燕,叶茂林.青海喇家遗址史前灾难事件[J].科学通报,2003,48(11):1200-1204.XIA Zheng-kai,YANG Xiao-yan,YE Mao-lin.Prehistoric disasterevent of Lajia ruins in Qinghai[J].Chin Sci Bull,2003,48(11):1200-1204.
[13]欧树召,温汉辉.泥石流地质灾害危险性预测评估探讨[J].科技资讯,2009,(7):88.OU Shu-zhao,WEN Han-hui.Forecast and assessment on hazardof Debris Flow[J].Sci Technol Inf,2009,(7):88.
[14]凌浩美.瑞金市沙洲坝地面塌陷成因分析与处理[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,(3):61-62.LING Hao-mei.Analysis and treatment to surface collapse ofShazhouba in Ruijin City[J].Hydrogeol Eng Geol,2002,(3):61-62.
[15]卢全中,彭建兵,赵法锁.地质灾害风险评估(价)研究综述[J].灾害学,2003,18(4):59-63.LU Quan-zhong,PENG Jian-bing,ZHAO Fa-suo.An overview onthe study of risk assessment of geological hazards[J].J Catastrop-hol,2003,18(4):59-63.
[16]欧定良.岩土边坡稳定性分析方法综述[J].山西科技,2006(6):56-58.Ou Ding-liang.Analysis of the analytical methods of the stability ofrock side slopes[J].Shanxi Sci Technol,2006(6):56-58.
[17]夏元友,李梅.边坡稳定性评价方法研究及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):1087-1090.XIA Yuan-you,LI Mei.Evaluation method research of slope sta-bility and its developing trend[J].Chin J Rock Mech Eng,2002,21(7):1087-1090.
[18]靳付成.边坡稳定性分析方法的研究现状与展望[J].西部探矿工程,2007,(4):5-9.JIN Fu-cheng.Research status and development of slope stabilityanalysis method[J].West-china Expl Eng,2007,(4):5-9.
[19]柴新军,林重德,杨泽平,等.土钉技术补强土质古窑受拉破坏裂缝[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):40-44.CHAI Xin-jun,HAYASHI Shigenori,YANG Ze-ping,et al.Re-inforcing tensile cracks of historical earthen kiln with soil nailingtechnique[J].Rock Soil Mech,2009,30(1):40-44.
[20]胡明清.丝绸之路典型土遗址地震破坏机理与抗震安全性研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所,2008.HU Ming-qing.The study on earthquake damage mechanism andseismic safety of typical earthen archaeological sites along the SilkRoad[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute Seismology,2008.
[21]石玉成,付长华,王兰民.石窟围岩地震变形破坏机制的数值模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):543-548.SHI Yu-cheng,FU Chang-hua,WANG Lan-min.Numerical sim-ulation analysis of mechanism of seismic deformation damage ofcountry rock of grottoes[J].Rock Soil Mech,2006,27(4):543-548.
[22]张立乾,郭富民,葛川.山海关东罗城古城墙文物保护加固研究[J].特种结构,2008,25(5):80-83.ZHANG Li-qian,GUO Fu-ming,GE Chuan.Heritage conservationand reinforcement studies to old city walls of Shanhaiguan east ro-chester[J].Spec Struct,2008,25(5):80-83.
[23]刘成禹,何满潮.古王陵变形破坏机理及稳定性研究—以国家重点文物高句丽太王陵为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,(5):25-28.LIU Cheng-yu,HE Man-chao.Study on the deformation failuremechanism and stability of ancient kings tomb:A case of nationalkey cultural relic Gaogouli's Tai kings tomb[J].Hydrogeol EngGeol,2007,(5):25-28.
[24]张荫,赵冬,陈平.西安古城墙抗倾覆稳定性及城门券洞承载力分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,1999,31(3):240-242.ZHANG Yin,ZHAO Dong,CHENG Ping.Analyses on the stabilityof Xi'an city wall and the bearing capacity of the gate arch[J].JXi'an Univ Archit Technol,1999,31(3):240-242.
[25]雷宏刚,李铁英,魏剑伟.典型古建筑保护中的基础性问题研究[J].工程力学,2007,24(增刊II):99-109.LEI Hong-gang,LI Tie-ying,WEI Jian-wei.Research on the basicproblems in old building protection[J].Eng Mech,2007,24(Sup-pl.II):99-109.
[26]黄明玉.文化遗产的价值评估及记录建档[D].上海:复旦大学,2009.HUANG Ming-yu.Evaluation and documentation in cultural herit-age conservation[D].Shanghai:Fudan University,2009.
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