地震的超临界水流体退相爆发成因——以汶川大地震震中“爆裂式泥火山”场景为例
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摘要
汶川地震震中"爆烈式泥火山"引发Ms8.0大地震,造成巨大破坏和惨重损失,但此多点的泥火山群场景,较2009年提名为"世界最有价值自然遗产——爱沙尼亚泥火山",更具人类解密地内超临界水流(熔)体奥秘的典型意义。5.12地震中泥火山(群)的地下深处,临震前聚集能量的超临界流体(SCW),与常态水比较,它在壳幔地体中,表明张力和粘度极低,扩散迁移能力极强;密度、热导率、电性能、比热容及对地内物质的溶解力均有成百至数千倍的差异;巨大的内能;在临瞬间爆发退相,造成体积流率达N×109m3的气流动能等,SCW的这一切自燃特征决定了他是地震的成因,也是地内壳幔中一切内生地质作用的原动力。SCW引发的地震分为三类:主震有喷发活动的汶川型泥火山-地震(包括:2009—3—18汤加浅海边气火山伴Ms7.9地震)、主震无喷发活动的唐山型(包括中源深源地震)及主要在深海喷发海啸-地震(印尼2004-12-26海啸伴8.7级地震)。SCW为高温高压热流体,它的大量运移,集聚地及临震减压排气进而退相爆发等特点,采用当代地球物理探测技术,至少对浅源的SCW"看得见、摸得着",成功短临预报现实用地-空红外探测技术即可实现。
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake which was induced by explosion type mud volcano at the epicenter caused enormous destroy and losses.The scene of the mud volcano group explosion is more typical than that of the Estonian mud volcano as the most valuable world natural heritage.The impending supercritical water fluid(SCW) at the epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake was characterized by very low surface tension and viscosity,stronger capacity of diffusion and migration with great differences in density,thermal and electric conductivity and specific thermal capacity as well as solubility from normal water.The volume flow rate of SCW at instantneous explosion is up to N×109m3.All these induced the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake.SCW-induced earthquake may be divided into three types:Wenchuan type earthquake associated with eruption activity of mud volcano(for example submarine Ms 7.9 earthquake in the Tonga Islands on 18 March,2009) and Tangshan type earthquake without eruption activity of mud volcano(including intermediate focus earthquake and anatectic earthquake) as well as abyssal earthquake with tsunami(the M8.7 Earthquake and Tsunami in Indian Ocean on Dec.26,2004).SCW is a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid which may be detected by use of modern geophysical technique,therefore,impending earthquake prediction will be possible in the future.
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake which was induced by explosion type mud volcano at the epicenter caused enormous destroy and losses.The scene of the mud volcano group explosion is more typical than that of the Estonian mud volcano as the most valuable world natural heritage.The impending supercritical water fluid(SCW) at the epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake was characterized by very low surface tension and viscosity,stronger capacity of diffusion and migration with great differences in density,thermal and electric conductivity and specific thermal capacity as well as solubility from normal water.The volume flow rate of SCW at instantneous explosion is up to N×109m3.All these induced the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake.SCW-induced earthquake may be divided into three types:Wenchuan type earthquake associated with eruption activity of mud volcano(for example submarine Ms 7.9 earthquake in the Tonga Islands on 18 March,2009) and Tangshan type earthquake without eruption activity of mud volcano(including intermediate focus earthquake and anatectic earthquake) as well as abyssal earthquake with tsunami(the M8.7 Earthquake and Tsunami in Indian Ocean on Dec.26,2004).SCW is a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid which may be detected by use of modern geophysical technique,therefore,impending earthquake prediction will be possible in the future.
引文
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曾明果1982天柱重晶石普查报告,1997遵义黄家湾钼镍(铂)踏勘报告;2008黔东县域经济科学发展论坛报告
[2]朱立新.2006—2007地质学科发展报告[R].北京:中国科技出版社,2007,4～23.
[3]彭英利,马承愚.超临界流体技术应用手册[S].北京:化字工业出版社,2005,P1～66.
[4]张家诚,李文范.地学基本数据手册[S].海洋出版社,1986.P102～207.
[5][德]P.哈森.材料的相变[M].北京:科学出版社,1998,274～479.
[6]曾明果.遵义黄家湾下寒武统底部Mo-Ni-PGE矿中铂族元素赋仔形态分析及成因意义[J].贵州地质,2007.24(2):147～155.
[7]曾明果.THE SEDIMENTATION AND GEOCHEMIEAL OF THE BARI—TE DEPOSIT IN GUIZHOU IAS·ISOSRMD BEIJING ABSTRACTS,1988,346.
[8][美]约翰·巴利、波·瑞普斯.THEBIRTHOF STARS AND PIANEOTS[J].湖南科技出牌社,2008,5～51.
[9]楼海,李志勇,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震的深部构造环境.中国科学-D辑,38(10):1207～1220.
曾明果1982天柱重晶石普查报告,1997遵义黄家湾钼镍(铂)踏勘报告;2008黔东县域经济科学发展论坛报告
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