地震前海平面异常变化和机理研究
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摘要
根据国内外沿海大地震前后海平面变化的实例，分析海平面变化的前兆意义。资料证实，大部分近海大地震前存在局部海域可以识别的海平面异常变化。１９世纪以来，世界各地的验潮站记录了大量与地震有关的海平面变化实例，为定量分析提供了可能。最有代表的标准震例是１９４１年１１月２５日葡萄牙亚速尔群岛８．３级大地震，我国渤海１９６９年７月１８日７．４级地震前后烟台站的验潮记录也显示出显著异常。海域构造环境和地震发生机制不同，海平面异常变化特点也有所区别。本文划分了板块碰撞边界、离散边界、转换断层和陆缘海４种类型。板块碰撞边界地震以１９４１年亚速尔群岛地震及１９６０年智利地震为代表；陆缘海包括弧后盆地与陆缘裂谷盆地，以１９６４年日本新泻地震和１９６９年中国渤海地震为代表；转换断层海岸震前升降运动不明显，以１９０６年美国旧金山地震和１９３３年美国长滩地震为代表；至于板块离散边界地区，尚未见到有关报导。
In this paper, the precursory sense of sea level change is analyzed based on sea level change cases of civil and oversea coast earthquakes. It is confirmed that local sea level changes abnormally before most earthquakes nearby sea. Since 19th century, tide - gauge stations all over the world have recorded lots of cases about sea level changes before earthquake, it furnishes possibility for quantitative analysis. The best example is the M8. 3 earthquake occurring in Azov archipelago, Portugal, on November 25 , 1941. The record of Lagos tide - gauge station shows that its sea level falls 30 cm one year before earthquake. The earthquake burst during anomaly recovery. In our country, the record of Yantai tide - gauge shows the anomaly before the M7.4 Bobal earthquake, July 18, 1969. Sea level anomaly characteristics are different according to tectonic and focal mechanism. Plate collision boundary, discrete boundary, transform faults and adjacent sea are sorted in this paper. The M8.3 Azov earthquakes, Nov. 25, 1941 and the M8.3 Chile earthquake, May 22, 1960 are examples of plate collision boundary earthquakes. Adjacent sea includes hack - arc basin and adjacent valley basin, the Niigata earthquakes, Japan, 1964 and the Bohai earthquake, China, 1969 are its examples. In transform fault coast, rise - fall movement is not obvious before earthquake, the sea level anomaly can be found when epicenter distance is small. The San Francisco earthquake, USA, 1906 and the Long Beach earthquake, USA, 1933 are its examples. There is no report on plate discrete boundary yet.
In this paper, the precursory sense of sea level change is analyzed based on sea level change cases of civil and oversea coast earthquakes. It is confirmed that local sea level changes abnormally before most earthquakes nearby sea. Since 19th century, tide - gauge stations all over the world have recorded lots of cases about sea level changes before earthquake, it furnishes possibility for quantitative analysis. The best example is the M8. 3 earthquake occurring in Azov archipelago, Portugal, on November 25 , 1941. The record of Lagos tide - gauge station shows that its sea level falls 30 cm one year before earthquake. The earthquake burst during anomaly recovery. In our country, the record of Yantai tide - gauge shows the anomaly before the M7.4 Bobal earthquake, July 18, 1969. Sea level anomaly characteristics are different according to tectonic and focal mechanism. Plate collision boundary, discrete boundary, transform faults and adjacent sea are sorted in this paper. The M8.3 Azov earthquakes, Nov. 25, 1941 and the M8.3 Chile earthquake, May 22, 1960 are examples of plate collision boundary earthquakes. Adjacent sea includes hack - arc basin and adjacent valley basin, the Niigata earthquakes, Japan, 1964 and the Bohai earthquake, China, 1969 are its examples. In transform fault coast, rise - fall movement is not obvious before earthquake, the sea level anomaly can be found when epicenter distance is small. The San Francisco earthquake, USA, 1906 and the Long Beach earthquake, USA, 1933 are its examples. There is no report on plate discrete boundary yet.
引文
[1]国家海洋局地震预报组平均海平面变化与地震的关系[J]地震学报,1979,l(l): l-8.
[2]段华琛华东沿岸地区海平面变化及其订正计算[J].地震科学研究, 1981,(3): 55-59
[3]姜兆怀,吴庆林华东沿海海平面变化与地震关系的讨论[J].地壳形变与地震, 1984, 8(2): 208-214
[4]段华琛。海平面变化与地震前兆[J].地震学报,1984,6(1):83-89
[5]张诚,修济刚,邱同芝,等全球强震震源机制[M].北京:万国学术出版社,1993
[6]冯绚敏.台湾海峡7.3级地震前兆分析[J].华南地震, 1996, 16(3): 3-8.
[7]吴时平,王林.北部湾6.1、6.2级地震前兆异常 [J].华南地震, 1996, 16(3): 46-52.
[8]力武常次.地震前兆现象[A].北京:地震出版社,1991.73-196.
[9]津村建四郎本州中部伊豆半岛的异常地壳活动[M].地震前兆[C]北京:地震出版社,1980.31-42
[10]力武常次地震预报[M].北京:地震出版社,1978.80-82.
[11]坪川家恒,小川幸夫,林哲郎.新泻地震前后的地壳变化[J].测地学会志, 1964, 10(34): 165-171.
[12]佐竹建治新泻地震的断层模式 [J].地震地质译丛, 1984, 6(4): 43-46.
[13] Mulargia F, Boscmhi E. 1908年墨西拿地震及有关的地震活动性肝[A]地震观测理论和解释[C]北京:地震出版社, l992. 322-338.
[14]Wyss M.大地震前的海平面变化[J].地震地质译丛,1980,2(6):60-62.
[ 15] Wyss M. Mean sea level before and after some great strike - slip earthquakes [J]. Pure and Apply Geophysics, 1975, 113 (l/2): 107- 118.
[16] Wyss M. Local sea level changes before and after the Hyuganda Earthquakes, Japan [J]. JGR, 1976, 81 (29): 5315 -5321.
[ 17] Yamaguti S. On the changes in the height of mean sea levels atlagos (Lisbon), Portugal, preceeding the peat earthquakes [J].测地学会,1970, 15 (4): 173-175.
[ 18] Yalnaguti S. On changes in yearly mean sea levels preceeding great earthquakes [R]. Recent Crusta Movement, 1970. 127 -128.
[2]段华琛华东沿岸地区海平面变化及其订正计算[J].地震科学研究, 1981,(3): 55-59
[3]姜兆怀,吴庆林华东沿海海平面变化与地震关系的讨论[J].地壳形变与地震, 1984, 8(2): 208-214
[4]段华琛。海平面变化与地震前兆[J].地震学报,1984,6(1):83-89
[5]张诚,修济刚,邱同芝,等全球强震震源机制[M].北京:万国学术出版社,1993
[6]冯绚敏.台湾海峡7.3级地震前兆分析[J].华南地震, 1996, 16(3): 3-8.
[7]吴时平,王林.北部湾6.1、6.2级地震前兆异常 [J].华南地震, 1996, 16(3): 46-52.
[8]力武常次.地震前兆现象[A].北京:地震出版社,1991.73-196.
[9]津村建四郎本州中部伊豆半岛的异常地壳活动[M].地震前兆[C]北京:地震出版社,1980.31-42
[10]力武常次地震预报[M].北京:地震出版社,1978.80-82.
[11]坪川家恒,小川幸夫,林哲郎.新泻地震前后的地壳变化[J].测地学会志, 1964, 10(34): 165-171.
[12]佐竹建治新泻地震的断层模式 [J].地震地质译丛, 1984, 6(4): 43-46.
[13] Mulargia F, Boscmhi E. 1908年墨西拿地震及有关的地震活动性肝[A]地震观测理论和解释[C]北京:地震出版社, l992. 322-338.
[14]Wyss M.大地震前的海平面变化[J].地震地质译丛,1980,2(6):60-62.
[ 15] Wyss M. Mean sea level before and after some great strike - slip earthquakes [J]. Pure and Apply Geophysics, 1975, 113 (l/2): 107- 118.
[16] Wyss M. Local sea level changes before and after the Hyuganda Earthquakes, Japan [J]. JGR, 1976, 81 (29): 5315 -5321.
[ 17] Yamaguti S. On the changes in the height of mean sea levels atlagos (Lisbon), Portugal, preceeding the peat earthquakes [J].测地学会,1970, 15 (4): 173-175.
[ 18] Yalnaguti S. On changes in yearly mean sea levels preceeding great earthquakes [R]. Recent Crusta Movement, 1970. 127 -128.
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