地震灾区重建中有关水文与水环境问题的若干思考
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摘要
利用国际上有关大型地震灾区水文过程和水环境变化的研究成果和龙门山区断裂带水循环系统特点,从地表水循环变化及其对流域水资源形成和分布的可能影响、河道形态与径流过程变化、坡面水动力场的可能变化及其对坡面岩土稳定性与土壤侵蚀的作用、水环境可能变化以及流域水安全与水库生态调度等方面,讨论了"5.12"汶川特大地震对区域水循环和水资源以及水环境等方面存在的可能影响,认为在灾后恢复重建过程中,应重视对流域尺度水循环与水资源和水环境科学的系统研究。
Based on international research results of hydrological process and water environment change in large earthquake-hit areas and water circulating system characteristics in The Longmenshan Fault Zone,potential influences of 5.12 heaviest Wenchuan Earthquake to regional water circulation and water resources and water environment were discussed in the aspects of surface water circulation change and its effect on regional water resources formation and distribution,channel morphology and runoff process change,potential change of dynamic field and its effect on geotechnical stability and soil erosion,and potential change of water circulation and regional water security and reservoir ecological scheduling.It indicated that great attention should be paid to the system research of water circulation in basin scale and water resources and environment science in the process of recovery and reconstruction after disaster.
Based on international research results of hydrological process and water environment change in large earthquake-hit areas and water circulating system characteristics in The Longmenshan Fault Zone,potential influences of 5.12 heaviest Wenchuan Earthquake to regional water circulation and water resources and water environment were discussed in the aspects of surface water circulation change and its effect on regional water resources formation and distribution,channel morphology and runoff process change,potential change of dynamic field and its effect on geotechnical stability and soil erosion,and potential change of water circulation and regional water security and reservoir ecological scheduling.It indicated that great attention should be paid to the system research of water circulation in basin scale and water resources and environment science in the process of recovery and reconstruction after disaster.
引文
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[2]Shi Minglun,You Baosha.Impact assessment of Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake to flowduration curve in Zhuoshui Stream[A].In:Pro-ceedings of the12th hydraulic engineering Symposium in Taiwan[C].Tainan:2001:9～16[施明伦,游保杉,集集地震对浊水溪流域流量延时曲线之影响评估[A].见:台湾第12届水利工程研讨会论文集[C],台南:2001:9～16]
[3]Lin Guofeng,Wang Junming.Research on effects of Chi-Chi(Tai-wan)earthquake to rain-runoff process in Wuxi basin[A].In:Pro-ceedings of the13th hydraulic engineering Symposium in Taiwan[C].Tainan,:2002,8～14[林国峰,王俊明.集集地震对乌溪流域降雨-径流过程影响之研究[A].见:台湾第十三届水利工程研讨会论文集[C].台南:2002:8～14]
[4]Montgomery D.R.,Michael Manga.Streamflow and water well re-sponses to earthquakes[J].Science,2003,300(5628):2047～2049
[5]Lee M,Liu TK,Ma KF,Chang YM.Coseismic hydrological chan-ges associated with dislocation of the September21,1999Chichi earthquake,Taiwan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29:1824
[6]Chi-yuen Wang,Chung-Ho Wang,Michael Manga.Coseismic re-lease of water from mountains:Evidence from the1999(Mw=7.5)Chi-Chi earthquake,Taiwan[J].Geology,2004,32(9):769～772
[7]Tsunogai,U.and Wakita,H.Precursory chemical changes in groundwater:Kobe earthquake,Japan[J].Science,1995,269:61～63
[8]Claesson L.,Skelton A.,Graham C.,et al.Hydrogeochemical changes before and after a major earthquake[J].Geology,2004,32:641～644
[9]Chiung Pin Liu,Bor Han Sheu.Effects of the921earthquake on the water quality in the upper stream at the Guandaushi experimental for-est[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2007,179:19～27
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