青藏高原东北缘热水-日月山断裂带热水段古地震初步研究
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摘要
通过遥感影像解译和详细的野外填图,获得了热水-日月山断裂带热水断裂段的断错地貌,其水系右旋断错量为140～940m.沿断裂带的探槽开挖,揭示距今9645±220aB.P,热水段曾发生一次古地震事件;结合前人的研究结果,认为热水-日月山断裂带热水断裂段上古地震复发间隔约3365a,全新世以来的倾滑速率为0.03mm/a.热水-日月山断裂带上已揭露出3次古地震事件,分别为9865±40aB.P～9425±35aB.P,6280±120aB.P和2220±360aB.P,复发间隔为3500a左右,由于该断裂段最近一次古地震事件距今已接近2220年,与其复发间隔3365a年相比尚有一段时间,但考虑到古地震事件的不确定性和年代样品的误差,初步推断热水-日月山断裂带热水段的地震危险性不大,但不排除有中强地震的可能性.
Based on remote-sensing interpretation,we find that the fault trace is obvious in the image and the rivers are all dextral dislocated cross the fault.The lateral displacements are ranging from 140 m to 940 m.Through the trench excavation,one paleo-seismic event was exposed,which happened in 9645±220 a B.P.Combined with previous published results,we get the recurrence interval of the paleo-earthquake,which is about 3365 a,the dip-silp rate is 0.03 mm/a during the early Holocene.Three paleo-earthquakes have been exposed on Riyue MT.fault so far,which is 9645±220 a B.P,6280 ±120 a B.P and 2220 ±360 a B.P respective,the recurrence interval is 3600 a.Because the nearest paleoseismic event is about 2220 a,there is still a long time contrasted to its recurrence interval,but taking into account the uncertainties of paleoseismic events and age of the sample error,We concluded that the seismic disaster on the Reshui segment of the Riyue MT.fault zone is small,but does not rule out the possibility of moderately strong earthquakes.
Based on remote-sensing interpretation,we find that the fault trace is obvious in the image and the rivers are all dextral dislocated cross the fault.The lateral displacements are ranging from 140 m to 940 m.Through the trench excavation,one paleo-seismic event was exposed,which happened in 9645±220 a B.P.Combined with previous published results,we get the recurrence interval of the paleo-earthquake,which is about 3365 a,the dip-silp rate is 0.03 mm/a during the early Holocene.Three paleo-earthquakes have been exposed on Riyue MT.fault so far,which is 9645±220 a B.P,6280 ±120 a B.P and 2220 ±360 a B.P respective,the recurrence interval is 3600 a.Because the nearest paleoseismic event is about 2220 a,there is still a long time contrasted to its recurrence interval,but taking into account the uncertainties of paleoseismic events and age of the sample error,We concluded that the seismic disaster on the Reshui segment of the Riyue MT.fault zone is small,but does not rule out the possibility of moderately strong earthquakes.
引文
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[18]袁道阳,刘小龙,张培震,等.青海热水-日月山断裂带的新活动特征[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):155-166.Yuan D Y,Liu X L,Zhang P Z,et al.Characteristics of themodern activity of the Reshui-Riyueshan fault zone in Qinghaiprovince[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2003,25(1):155-166.
[19]程海旭,吴开统,庄灿涛.断层滑动速率、地震重复时间和平均应力降[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(1):75-87.Cheng H X,Wu K T,Zhuang C T.Fault slip rate、earthquake recurrence intervals and average stress drop[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),1996,11(1):75-87.
[2]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊),12-20.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,et al.Active tectonicblocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China[J].Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,46(Suppl.):12-20.
[3]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610.Zhang G M,Ma H S,Wang H,et al.Boundaries betweenactive-tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the Chinamainland[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):602-610.
[4]袁道阳,雷中生,何文贵,等.1738年青海玉树地震考证及其与2010年玉树7.1级地震关系探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):1950-1958.Yuan D Y,Lei Z S,He W G,et al.Textual research ofYushu earthquake in 1738 A.D.in Qinghai Province anddiscussion their relationship with Yushu earthquake Ms 7.1in2010[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2011,26(6):1950-1958.
[5]孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春,等.2010年玉树地震地表破裂带典型破裂样式及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(1):155-170.Sun X Z,Xu X W,Chen L C,et al.Surface rupture featuresof the 2010Yushu earthquake and its tectonic implication[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(1):155-170.
[6]吕坚,郑勇,马玉虎,等.2010年4月14日青海玉树MS4.7、MS7.1、MS6.3地震震源机制解与发震构造研究[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(5):1600-1606.LüJ,Zheng Y,Ma Y H,et al.Focal mechanisms andseismogenic structures of the MS4.7、MS7.1and MS6.3Yushu earthquakes of April.14,2010[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(5):1600-1606.
[7]雷建设,赵大鹏,苏金蓉,等.龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):339-345.Lei J S,Zhao D P,Su J R,et al.Fine seismic structure underthe Longmenshan fault zone and the mechanism of the largeWenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):339-345.
[8]李玉江,陈连旺.汶川MS8.0地震大震复发周期的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):455-463.Li Y J,Chen L W.Progress on recurrence interval ofWenchuan earthquake[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2012,27(2):455-463.
[9]华卫,陈章立,郑斯华.2008年汶川8.0级地震序列震源参数分段特征的研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):365-371.Hua W,Chen Z L,Zheng S H.A study on segmentationcharacteristics of aftershock source parameters of WenchuanM8.0earthquake in 2008[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2009,52(2):365-371.
[10]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.Zhang P Z,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al.Slip rates andrecurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zoneand tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1066-1073.
[11]李春峰,贺群禄,赵国光.东昆仑活动断裂带东段古地震活动特征[J].地震学报,2005,27(1):60-67.Li C F,He Q L,Zhao G G.Paleo-earthquake studies on theeastern section of the Kunlun fault[J].Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2005,27(1):60-67.
[12]胡道功,叶培盛,吴芳,等.东昆仑断裂带西大滩段晚第四纪古地震历史[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(2):214-221.Hu D G,Ye P S,Wu F,et al.Late quaternary seismichistory on the Xidatan segment of east Kunlun Fault Zone inNorthern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences(in Chinese),2008,28(2):214-221.
[13]李陈侠.东昆仑断裂带东段(玛沁-玛曲)晚第四纪长期滑动习性研究[J].国际地震动态,2010,(3):36-38.Li C X.The long-term faulting behavior of the easternsegment(Maqin-Maqu)of the East Kunlun Fault since theLate Quaternary[J].Recent Development of World(inChinese),2010,(3):36-38.
[14]胡道功,吴中海,吴珍汉,等.东昆仑断裂带库赛湖段晚第四纪古地震研究[J].第四纪研究.2007,27(1):27-34.Hu D G,Wu Z H,Wu Z H,et al.Late quaternarypaleoseismic history on the Kusai lake segment of eastKunlun Fault Zone in Northern Tibet[J].QuaternarySciences(in Chinese),2007,27(1):27-34.
[15]胡道功,叶培盛,吴珍汉,等.东昆仑断裂带西大滩段全新世古地震研究[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):1012-1020.Hu D G,Ye P S,Wu Z H,et al.Research on Holocenepaleoearthquakes on the Xidatan segment of the East Kunlunfault zone in Northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences(inChinese),2006,26(6):1012-1020.
[16]李智敏,王强,屠泓为.热水-日月山断裂带遥感特征初步探讨[J].高原地震,2012,24(3):16-22.Li Z M,Wang Q,Tu H W.The remote sensingcharacteristic preliminary discussion on Reshui-Riyuemountain fault zone[J].Plateau Earthquake Research(inChinese),2012,24(3):16-22.
[17]袁道阳,刘小龙,刘百篪,等.青海热水-日月山断裂带古地震的初步研究.西北地震学报,2003,25(2):136-142.Yuan D Y,Liu X L,Liu B C,et al.A preliminary study onpalaeo-earthquake events of the Reshui-Riyue MT.activefault zone in Qinghai province[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal(in Chinese),2003,25(2):136-142.
[18]袁道阳,刘小龙,张培震,等.青海热水-日月山断裂带的新活动特征[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):155-166.Yuan D Y,Liu X L,Zhang P Z,et al.Characteristics of themodern activity of the Reshui-Riyueshan fault zone in Qinghaiprovince[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2003,25(1):155-166.
[19]程海旭,吴开统,庄灿涛.断层滑动速率、地震重复时间和平均应力降[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(1):75-87.Cheng H X,Wu K T,Zhuang C T.Fault slip rate、earthquake recurrence intervals and average stress drop[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),1996,11(1):75-87.
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