汶川地震滑坡与影响因素
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摘要
通过结合对汶川地震Ⅶ～Ⅺ烈度区内30 000多平方公里的研究区内中大型滑坡遥感解译,利用地震烈度分区、发震断裂展布等影响因素构建了多个GIS图层,分析了地震滑坡的空间分布与影响因素的相关关系,建立了基于GIS手段的最临近程度方法地震滑坡危险性分析模型。研究表明:⑴整体和每一类型的滑坡频度都随着地震烈度而指数增加,而且面积在10 000～100 000 m2的地震滑坡在各个烈度区都是发生频度最大的;⑵地震滑坡在距离发震断裂较近的地方更为集中,但是在垂直和平行于发震断裂的两个方向上地震滑坡频度的衰减是不相同的,垂直方向较平行方向衰减更快;⑶地震滑坡主要发生在25°～40°坡度范围;⑷地震滑坡主要发生在1.0～1.5 km高程内,约占研究区内滑坡总数量的42%;⑸地震滑坡主要集中在东、东南和南三个方向,约占地震滑坡总数的一半。通过最临近程度方法进行建模对研究区地震滑坡进行危险性分析,结果与实际情况基本相符。
According to remote sensing interpretation of huge and middle landslides in VII~XI intensities area which covers more than 30 000 km 2,different GIS layers are built with the influence factors such as earthquake intensity,strike of seismogenic fault etc.The relationship between earthquake landslides'distribution and influencing factors is analyzed.The landslides hazard analysis model based on the most approach degree method from GIS means is built.The results show that(1)the landslide's frequencies increase along with the increase of earthquake intensity,and the number of landslide with area of 10 000~100 000 m2 is biggest every intensity district;(2)the landslides mainly distributes in the place near to the seismogenic faults,however,the attenuation speeds are different in two directions,which is faster in perpendicular direction than in parallel direction to the seismogenic faults,(3)the landslides happen mainly on the slope with 25°~40°,(4)the landslides are concentrated in 1.0~1.5 km in elevation,making up about 42%of total in the research area,(5)the landslides happen manly in direction of east,southeast and south making up about half total.The model built by the most approach degree method is applied to Wenchuan earthquake landslides to analyze the landslide hazard in the research area,and the result is basically in agreement with actual situation.
According to remote sensing interpretation of huge and middle landslides in VII~XI intensities area which covers more than 30 000 km 2,different GIS layers are built with the influence factors such as earthquake intensity,strike of seismogenic fault etc.The relationship between earthquake landslides'distribution and influencing factors is analyzed.The landslides hazard analysis model based on the most approach degree method from GIS means is built.The results show that(1)the landslide's frequencies increase along with the increase of earthquake intensity,and the number of landslide with area of 10 000~100 000 m2 is biggest every intensity district;(2)the landslides mainly distributes in the place near to the seismogenic faults,however,the attenuation speeds are different in two directions,which is faster in perpendicular direction than in parallel direction to the seismogenic faults,(3)the landslides happen mainly on the slope with 25°~40°,(4)the landslides are concentrated in 1.0~1.5 km in elevation,making up about 42%of total in the research area,(5)the landslides happen manly in direction of east,southeast and south making up about half total.The model built by the most approach degree method is applied to Wenchuan earthquake landslides to analyze the landslide hazard in the research area,and the result is basically in agreement with actual situation.
引文
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[4]李宏男,肖诗云,霍林生.汶川地震震害调查与启示[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):10-19.
[5]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.汶川地震诱发滑坡与地震动峰值加速度对应关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):82-89.
[6]梅安新,彭望琭,等.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[7]彭瑛,等.基于遥感调查的汶川地震极重灾区次生地质灾害分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(1):107-111.
[8]吴玮江,王念秦.甘肃滑坡灾害[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2006.
[9]袁中夏,王兰民.意大利南部San Arcangelo市滑坡研究自[J].然灾害学报,2005,14(1):25-31.
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