用于地震预警的P波震相到时自动拾取
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摘要
P波震相的自动拾取可用于地震预警中地震事件判别和地震定位,是实现基于地震台网地震预警的首要条件.针对地震预警中P波震相拾取的特点,本文发展了一套基于长短时平均(STA/LTA)和池赤准则(AIC)算法的多步骤P波自动拾取技术,应用Delaunay三角剖分提出了一种非几何相关的干扰信号剔除方法,并应用福建省数字地震台网记录对方法进行了验证,目前方法已经用到了福建省地震预警试验系统中.
Automatic identification of P-arrival can be used for event recognition and earthquake location,and it is the prerequisite for regional Earthquake Early Warning(EEW) system.According to the characteristics of EEW system,a set of automatic P-arrival picking method has been developed.The picking method is based on the Short-Term-Average/Long-Term-Average(STA/LTA) and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC),and an interference signal eliminating method is based on the Delaunay triangulation of a seismic network.The method was tested on real continuous data at Fujian Digital Seismic Network off-line and on-line.
Automatic identification of P-arrival can be used for event recognition and earthquake location,and it is the prerequisite for regional Earthquake Early Warning(EEW) system.According to the characteristics of EEW system,a set of automatic P-arrival picking method has been developed.The picking method is based on the Short-Term-Average/Long-Term-Average(STA/LTA) and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC),and an interference signal eliminating method is based on the Delaunay triangulation of a seismic network.The method was tested on real continuous data at Fujian Digital Seismic Network off-line and on-line.
引文
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[27]Akaike H.Information theory and an extension of themaximum likelihood principle.//Petrov B,Csaki F eds.2ndInternational Symposium on Information Theory.Budapest:Akademiai Kiado,1973:267-281.
[28]Maeda N.A method for reading and checking phase times inauto-processing system of seismic wave data.Zisin(J.Seismol.Soc.Jpn.),1985,38(3):365-380.
[29]Zhang H J,Thurber C,Rowe C.Automatic P-wave arrivaldetection and picking with multiscale wavelet analysis forsingle-component recordings.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2003,93(5):1904-1912.
[30]王继,陈九辉,刘启元等.流动地震台阵观测初至震相的自动检测.地震学报,2006,28(1):42-51.Wang J,Chen J H,Liu Q Y,et al.Automatic onset phasepicking for portable seismic array observation.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(1):42-51.
[31]O′Rourke J.Computational Geometry in C(2nd ed).London:Cambridge University Press,1998:181-226.
[2]马强.地震预警技术研究及应用[博士论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008.Ma Q.Study and application on earthquake early warning[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Institute of EngineeringMechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2008.
[3]Allen R M,Gasparini P,Kamigaichi O,et al.The status ofearthquake early warning around the world:an introductoryoverview.Seism.Res.Lett.,2009,80(5):682-693.
[4]Nakamura Y.UrEDAS,urgent earthquake detection andalarm system,now and future.13th World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,Vancouver,2004.
[5]Kamigaichi O.JMA earthquake early warning.J.Japan.Assoc.Earthq.Eng.,2004,4(3):134-137.
[6]Wu Y M,Kanamori H.Development of an earthquake earlywarning system using real-time strong motion signals.Sensor,2008,8(1):1-9.
[7]Espinosa-Aranda J M,Jiménez A,Ibarrola G,et al.Mexico Cityseismic alert system.Seism.Res.Lett.,1995,66(6):42-53.
[8]Suarez G,Novelo D,Mansilla E.Performance evaluation ofthe seismic alert system(SAS)in Mexico City:a seismologicaland a social perspective.Seism.Res.Lett.,2009,80(5):707-716,doi:10.1785/gssrl.80.5.707.
[9]Wu Y M,Teng T L.A virtual subnetwork approach toearthquake early warning.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2002,92(5):2008-2018.
[10]Hsiao N C,Wu Y M,Shin T C,et al.Development ofearthquake early warning system in Taiwan.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36(5):L00B02,doi:10.1029/2008GL036596.
[11]Bose M,Wenzel F,Erdik M.PreSEIS:a neural network-based approach to earthquake early warning for finite faults.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2008,98(1):366-382,doi:10.1785/0120070002.
[12]Bse M,Ionescu C,Wenzel F.Earthquake early warning forBucharest,Romania:novel and revised scaling relations.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34(7):L07302,doi:10.1029/2007GL029396.
[13]Allen R E.Automatic earthquake recognition and timingfrom single traces.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1978,68(5):1521-1532.
[14]Allen R E.Automatic phase pickers:Their present use andfuture prospects.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1982,72(6B):225-242.
[15]Baer M,Kradolfer U.An automatic phase picker for localand teleseismic events.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1987,77(4):1437-1445.
[16]Earle P S,Shearer P M.Characterization of globalseismograms using an automatic-picking algorithm.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1994,84(2):366-376.
[17]Cichowicz A R.An automatic S-phase picker.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1993,83(1):180-189.
[18]Earle P S.Polarization of the Earth’s teleseismic wavefield.Geophys.J.Int.,1999,139(1):1-8.
[19]Vidale J E.Complex polarization analysis of particle motion.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1986,76(5):1393-1405.
[20]Sleeman R,Van Eck T.Robust automatic P-phase picking:an on-line implementation in the analysis of broadbandseismogram recordings.Phys.Earth Planet.Interiors,1999,113(1-4):265-275.
[21]Leonard M,Kennett M B L N.Multi-componentautoregressive techniques for the analysis of seismograms.Phys.Earth Planet.Interiors,1999,113(1-4):247-264.
[22]Leonard M.Comparison of manual and automatic onset timepicking.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1999,90(6):1384-1390.
[23]Takanami T,Kitagawa G.A new efficient procedure for theestimation of onset times of seismic waves.J.Phys.Earth.,1988,36(6):267-290.
[24]Takanami T,Kitagawa G.Multivariate time-series model toestimate the arrival times of S-waves.Computers and Geosciences,1993,19(2):295-301.
[25]金星,马强,李山有等.宽频带强震仪与地震仪同一台基上记录仿真对比研究.地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(5):7-12.Jin X,Ma Q,Li S Y,et al.Comparison research on therecords of wide band strong motion seismograph andseismometer at same station.Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration(in Chinese),2004,24(5):7-12.
[26]Jin X,Ma Q,Li S Y.Real-time simulation of grounddisplacement by digital accelerograph record.ActaSeismologica Sinica,2005,18(1):82-88.
[27]Akaike H.Information theory and an extension of themaximum likelihood principle.//Petrov B,Csaki F eds.2ndInternational Symposium on Information Theory.Budapest:Akademiai Kiado,1973:267-281.
[28]Maeda N.A method for reading and checking phase times inauto-processing system of seismic wave data.Zisin(J.Seismol.Soc.Jpn.),1985,38(3):365-380.
[29]Zhang H J,Thurber C,Rowe C.Automatic P-wave arrivaldetection and picking with multiscale wavelet analysis forsingle-component recordings.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2003,93(5):1904-1912.
[30]王继,陈九辉,刘启元等.流动地震台阵观测初至震相的自动检测.地震学报,2006,28(1):42-51.Wang J,Chen J H,Liu Q Y,et al.Automatic onset phasepicking for portable seismic array observation.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(1):42-51.
[31]O′Rourke J.Computational Geometry in C(2nd ed).London:Cambridge University Press,1998:181-226.
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