岩溶储层地震反射波场特征及多场信息预测——以塔中Zh1井区为例
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摘要
针对在塔中地区Zh1井5 000m以下奥陶系鹰山组钻遇的一套白云岩岩溶储层厚度小(≤7m)、波阻抗差小(≤717kg/(m2.s))、非均质性强的特点,首先从地震正演模拟出发,模拟了在实钻井条件下以及当岩溶储层孔缝洞内充填物性质发生变化时的地震波场响应。结果显示这套岩溶储层在叠加剖面上绕射波比较发育,在叠后深度偏移剖面上呈现出峰-谷-峰似串珠状的反射特征,且随着充填物性质或流体含量的增多,其串珠状反射强度明显增强。据此,利用研究区的三维叠后时间偏移资料,采取有针对性的地震预测方法和技术,提取出引起岩溶储层发育的不同地质场源的地震特征信息,如反映地震波场能量大小的振幅属性,反映速度、密度变化的波阻抗信息,古裂缝分布场信息和古地貌信息等,共同对这套岩溶储层的优势发育区进行了预测。预测结果表明,岩溶储层的优势发育区主要分布在三维区域的中西部,并且在发育区内地震剖面的显示特征与地震正演模拟结果相一致,从而证实了预测结果的有效性。
Aims at the features that the thickness of reservoir stratum is thin(≤7m) and the wave-drag is small(≤717kg/(m2·s) and the isotropy is poor as well in a dolomite reservoir stratum belonging to the Yingshan team of the Ordovician system met at 5 000m deep in drilling well Zh1 in Tazhong,a positive-manoeuvre simulation to the response of seismic wave field is made under the condition that the features of the fracture's filling in the karst reservoir stratum occurring changes when drilling in reality.The simulation proves that the diffraction wave of this karst reservoir stratum is relatively developed on the stack profile and that peak-valley-peak shaped reflection occurs on the profile which gets more and more obvious with the increase of liquid fillings.Accordingly,three-dimensional post stack time data is used to collect the seismic features' information in different wave filed of the karst reservoir stratum by means of targeted predictive measures and techniques to earthquake.The collected information includes amplitude that reflecting the energy of the wave field,wave impedance that reflecting the change in velocity and density and the paleo-fracture's distribution and paleo-geomorphology as well,is used to predicate the dominant developing position of the karst reservoir stratum.They show that the main distribution of paleokarst reservoir is along west part in 3D area and its characteristic of seismic reflection is the same as the modeling's.The results show clearly that the predicted methods are correct.
Aims at the features that the thickness of reservoir stratum is thin(≤7m) and the wave-drag is small(≤717kg/(m2·s) and the isotropy is poor as well in a dolomite reservoir stratum belonging to the Yingshan team of the Ordovician system met at 5 000m deep in drilling well Zh1 in Tazhong,a positive-manoeuvre simulation to the response of seismic wave field is made under the condition that the features of the fracture's filling in the karst reservoir stratum occurring changes when drilling in reality.The simulation proves that the diffraction wave of this karst reservoir stratum is relatively developed on the stack profile and that peak-valley-peak shaped reflection occurs on the profile which gets more and more obvious with the increase of liquid fillings.Accordingly,three-dimensional post stack time data is used to collect the seismic features' information in different wave filed of the karst reservoir stratum by means of targeted predictive measures and techniques to earthquake.The collected information includes amplitude that reflecting the energy of the wave field,wave impedance that reflecting the change in velocity and density and the paleo-fracture's distribution and paleo-geomorphology as well,is used to predicate the dominant developing position of the karst reservoir stratum.They show that the main distribution of paleokarst reservoir is along west part in 3D area and its characteristic of seismic reflection is the same as the modeling's.The results show clearly that the predicted methods are correct.
引文
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[14]刘胜,杨海军,李新生,等.塔中地区早奥陶世沉积特征及沉积演化分析[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(1):54-57.
[15]邹元荣,郭书元.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩表生岩溶分布特征及主控因素[J].新疆地质,2005,23(2):209-212.
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Midland Valley UK.Midland valley training Course:Computer aided structural balancing and restoration with 3DMove.1999:4-52.
[2]钱一雄,尤东华.塔中地区西北部奥陶系白云岩(化)成因分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):146-150.
[3]王兴荣.中1井奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏特征分析[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(3):61-62.
[4]许效松,杜佰松.碳酸盐岩地区古风化壳岩溶储层[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2005,25(3):21-26.
[5]李延钧.塔中地区油气源与成藏时期研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(1):11-15.
[6]董良国,马在田,曹景忠,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.
[7]董良国,马在田,曹景忠.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864.
[8]杜耀斌,田纳新,王璞王君,等.新疆塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系古潜山型油气藏成藏条件[J].世界地质,24(2):162-167.
[9]田纳新,徐国强,李学永,等.塔中地区早海西期风化壳古岩溶控制因素分析[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(2):61-63.
[10]魏国齐,贾承造.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造-沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):408-412.
[11]闫相宾,李铁军,张涛,等.塔中与塔河地区奥陶系岩溶储层形成条件的差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):202-207.
[12]王宏语,樊太亮,高志前,等.塔中地区奥陶纪古地貌及其对储集层的控制作用[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(1):15-19.
[13]赵宗举,周新源,陈学时,等.塔中地区中晚奥陶世古潜山岩溶储集层特征[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):660-663.
[14]刘胜,杨海军,李新生,等.塔中地区早奥陶世沉积特征及沉积演化分析[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(1):54-57.
[15]邹元荣,郭书元.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩表生岩溶分布特征及主控因素[J].新疆地质,2005,23(2):209-212.
[16]吴丽艳,陈春强.浅谈我国油气勘探中的古地貌恢复技术[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2005,27(4):559-563.
Midland Valley UK.Midland valley training Course:Computer aided structural balancing and restoration with 3DMove.1999:4-52.
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