矿山地震监测技术的进展及最新成果
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摘要
回顾了矿山地震监测的简史，介绍了近期矿震监测技术改造情况．抚顺小孔径矿山地震台网的监测取得了比较完整的观测资料．矿震定位结果表明了矿震与开采进程的相关性．用岩石断裂力学和损伤理论的研究成果对于两类不同矿震的成因给出了最新解释．观测资料证实了矿震与瓦斯溢出的相关性．这些结果表明，在一定条件下，矿震可能成为瓦斯溢出的预警信号．由此证明，实现矿震与瓦斯浓度的联合监测是重要的，也是可行的．矿山地质灾害的综合地球物理监测对于地震成因的研究具有重要的中尺度实验意义，同时对于煤矿安全生产也将带来重要效益．
The development history of mining shock observation is briefly reviewed,and the recent situation of techni-cal transformation is introduced.Some complete data of the mining shock observation are obtained with a small-aper-ture seismograph network in Fushun.The location of the mining shocks shows the relationship between the miningshocks and the process of mine extraction.Based on the principle of rock fracture mechanics and the study results ofdamage theory,the cause of two types of mining shock are proposed.The analysis of the observation data proves therelationship between the mining shock and the gas spillage.These results show that strong mining shock may becomethe early warning signal of gas spillage under proper condition.It is proved that the combined observation of miningshock and gas concentration is important and practicable.The synthesized geophysical observation has significance notonly in moderate scale experiment of earthquake formation,but also in the safety of mining work.
The development history of mining shock observation is briefly reviewed,and the recent situation of techni-cal transformation is introduced.Some complete data of the mining shock observation are obtained with a small-aper-ture seismograph network in Fushun.The location of the mining shocks shows the relationship between the miningshocks and the process of mine extraction.Based on the principle of rock fracture mechanics and the study results ofdamage theory,the cause of two types of mining shock are proposed.The analysis of the observation data proves therelationship between the mining shock and the gas spillage.These results show that strong mining shock may becomethe early warning signal of gas spillage under proper condition.It is proved that the combined observation of miningshock and gas concentration is important and practicable.The synthesized geophysical observation has significance notonly in moderate scale experiment of earthquake formation,but also in the safety of mining work.
引文
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49174225．
[5]刘万琴、李世愚、郑治真，等．破坏性矿震震前短临阶段震源过程研究[J]．地震学报，1999，21(1)：57～64．
Wan-Qin Liu,Shi-Yu Li,Zhi-Zhen Zheng,Ming Zhao,Ping Shen.A study on seismic source process in short-term and imminent stage before destructive mining shock[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1999,12(1):63～72.
[6]李姑愚，滕春凯，刘晓红，等．1999年度中俄合作岩石破裂实验研究[J]．国际地震动态，2000，(3)：1～3．
[7]薛冠群、谢晋珠．用地音和瓦斯监测预测突出的尝试[J]．煤矿安全，1995(2)：40～42．
[8]石显鑫，蔡栓荣，李华．地音监侧技术及其在煤与瓦斯突出预测预报中的应用研究[J]．陕西煤炭技术，1998，18(1)：17～23．
[9]俞善炳，谈庆明，丁雁生，等．含气多孔介质卸压层裂的间隔特征—突出的前兆[J]．力学学报，1998，30(21)：145～150．
[10]Gibowitcz S J,Kijko A.An Introduction to Mining Seismicity[M].Beijing:Academic Press,Inc.,1994.
[11]郑哲敏．从数量级和量纲分析看煤和瓦斯突出的机理，力学与生产建设[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1982：128～137．
[2]张少泉，张诚，修济刚，等．矿山地震研究述评[J]．地球物理学进展，1993，8(3)：69～85．
[3]Zhang S Q,Yang M Y.Seismological Research on Mining Tremors.Progress in Acoustic Emission V[J].The Japanese Society for NDI,1990:260～265.
[4]郑治真，刘万琴，陆其鹄，等．公里尺度地球物理实验、观测和研究[R]．国家自然科学基金资助项目研究报告，1995：
49174225．
[5]刘万琴、李世愚、郑治真，等．破坏性矿震震前短临阶段震源过程研究[J]．地震学报，1999，21(1)：57～64．
Wan-Qin Liu,Shi-Yu Li,Zhi-Zhen Zheng,Ming Zhao,Ping Shen.A study on seismic source process in short-term and imminent stage before destructive mining shock[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1999,12(1):63～72.
[6]李姑愚，滕春凯，刘晓红，等．1999年度中俄合作岩石破裂实验研究[J]．国际地震动态，2000，(3)：1～3．
[7]薛冠群、谢晋珠．用地音和瓦斯监测预测突出的尝试[J]．煤矿安全，1995(2)：40～42．
[8]石显鑫，蔡栓荣，李华．地音监侧技术及其在煤与瓦斯突出预测预报中的应用研究[J]．陕西煤炭技术，1998，18(1)：17～23．
[9]俞善炳，谈庆明，丁雁生，等．含气多孔介质卸压层裂的间隔特征—突出的前兆[J]．力学学报，1998，30(21)：145～150．
[10]Gibowitcz S J,Kijko A.An Introduction to Mining Seismicity[M].Beijing:Academic Press,Inc.,1994.
[11]郑哲敏．从数量级和量纲分析看煤和瓦斯突出的机理，力学与生产建设[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1982：128～137．
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