华北中地壳滑脱面及其活动分区的天然地震研究
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摘要
华北的上部地壳以脆性变形为主,下部地壳以韧性伸展为主,两种截然不同的变形状态却有着相同伸展方向、相同伸展量,使得上下地壳之间因差异运动而形成一个区域性界面——华北中地壳顶部滑脱面。以这个滑脱面为底边界发育起来的上地壳的结构构造,是控制华北盆山格局、基底构造发育形成的直接原因。华北构造是地壳脆性域"薄皮"伸展变形。滑脱面在华北基本上是连续分布的,呈断坡—断坪状,南北分带、东西分片,深度为12~22 km,一般为15~18 km,可识别出11个层状拆离区;上地壳以断块方式变形,断块的位置、形态及活动方式受滑脱面的断坡—断坪产状、与滑脱方向垂直的断叉线和与滑脱方向平行的调整断裂的组合控制,可识别出3个主裂陷轴、2条主断叉线和3条主调整断裂带。
In North China the upper crust is dominated by brittle deformation and lower crust is characterized by ductile extension.However these two styles of different deformation have the same extensional direction and the similar extension amount,which resulted in the development of a regional detachment layer along the top of the middle crust in North China due to differential movement between the upper and lower crust.The detachment structure has controlled the development of the basin-range pattern and the basement of North China Block.The tectonics in this region is produced by thin-skinned extension in the brittle upper crust.The stair-shape detachment layer in North China Block is distributed continuously at depth 12-22 km(mostly at 15-18 km).Eleven detached units(or regions) can be identified.Brittle faulting mainly occurs in the upper crust.The locations of the faulted blocks,configuration and their deformation manners are dictated jointly by occurrence of the ramp-flat detachment,cutoff lines perpendicular to the detachment and accommodation faults parallel to the detachment.Three primary axes of the rifted-depression,two main cutoff lines and three main accommodating faults have been recognized.
In North China the upper crust is dominated by brittle deformation and lower crust is characterized by ductile extension.However these two styles of different deformation have the same extensional direction and the similar extension amount,which resulted in the development of a regional detachment layer along the top of the middle crust in North China due to differential movement between the upper and lower crust.The detachment structure has controlled the development of the basin-range pattern and the basement of North China Block.The tectonics in this region is produced by thin-skinned extension in the brittle upper crust.The stair-shape detachment layer in North China Block is distributed continuously at depth 12-22 km(mostly at 15-18 km).Eleven detached units(or regions) can be identified.Brittle faulting mainly occurs in the upper crust.The locations of the faulted blocks,configuration and their deformation manners are dictated jointly by occurrence of the ramp-flat detachment,cutoff lines perpendicular to the detachment and accommodation faults parallel to the detachment.Three primary axes of the rifted-depression,two main cutoff lines and three main accommodating faults have been recognized.
引文
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[26]齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,等.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):805-815.
[27]王良书,李成,刘福田,等.中国东、西部两类盆地岩石圈热流变学结构[J].中国科学:D辑,2000,30(增刊):116-121.
[28]李涛,王宗秀,马宗晋.塔里木盆地及邻区岩石圈拆离解耦与盆山格局关系的天然地震分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):103-114.
[2]周永胜.岩石圈塑性流动与大陆板内构造变形研究进展评述[J].国际地震动态,1999(2):8-13.
[3]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415-429.
[4]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-438.
[5]张培震,王敏,甘卫军,等.GPS观测的活动断裂滑动速率及其对现今大陆动力作用的制约[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):81-92.
[6]符养,朱文耀,王小亚,等.利用中国地壳运动观测网络研究中国大陆相对于ITRF97板块模型形变[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(3):330-337.
[7]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):442-450.
[8]王小亚,朱文耀,符养,等.GPS监测的中国及其周边现时地壳形变[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):198-209.
[9]黄立仁,郭良迁.地球表层的运动和变形的GPS描述[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):17-21.
[10]沈正康,王敏,甘卫军,等.中国大陆现今构造应变率场及其动力学成因研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):93-99.
[11]滕吉文,张中杰.地球内部岩石圈物理与动力学研究发展的新动向与今后的任务[J].地球物理学进展,1994,9(4):4-17.
[12]Burchfiel B C,Deng Q,Moinar P,et al.Intracrustal detach-ments within zones of intracontinental deformation[J].Geology,1989,17:452-478.
[13]Royden L H,Burhfiel B C,King R W,et al.Surface deforma-tion and lower crustal flow in Tibet[J].Science,1997,276:788-798.
[14]胥颐,刘福田,刘建华,等.天山地震带的地壳结构与强震构造环境[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(2):184-193.
[15]胥颐,王克元,奥斯潘诺夫,等.乌鲁木齐-库尔勒地震转换波测深[J].内陆地震,1997,11(3):202-211.
[16]胥颐,刘福田,刘建华.天山上地幔结构及其对壳内构造运动的作用[J].地震地质,1998,20(4):405-412.
[17]李涛,王宗秀,周高志,等.新疆博格达山分段及深浅构造转换关系[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):103-114.
[18]马瑾.岩石变形与地震发生过程[J].国际地震动态,1996(1):8-13.
[19]张培震.中国大陆岩石圈最新构造变动与地震灾害[J].第四纪研究,1999(5):404-413.
[20]王绳祖.地壳、上地幔变形属性的判别[J].地震地质,1996,18(3):215-234.
[21]蒋海昆,张流,周永胜.地壳不同深度温压条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征[J].地震学报,2000,22(4):395-403.
[22]刘力强,马胜利,马瑾,等.岩石构造对声发射统计特征的影响[J].地震地质,1999,21(4):377-386.
[23]国家地震局编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982:4-23.
[24]河北省地震局.一九六六年邢台地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1986:15-18.
[25]牛树银,侯泉林,王宝德,等.华北地区拆离滑脱带控震作用初探[J].地震研究,2003,26(3):257-264.
[26]齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,等.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):805-815.
[27]王良书,李成,刘福田,等.中国东、西部两类盆地岩石圈热流变学结构[J].中国科学:D辑,2000,30(增刊):116-121.
[28]李涛,王宗秀,马宗晋.塔里木盆地及邻区岩石圈拆离解耦与盆山格局关系的天然地震分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):103-114.
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