张北6.2级地震前后断层活动时空演化特征分析
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摘要
利用首都圈地区的24处跨断层流动水准观测资料,计算了断层垂直形变速率,运用主成分分析方法对研究区断层垂直形变速率进行了合成,从时空角度分析了张北地震前后跨断层形变异常特征。结果表明,张北地震前首都圈地区的部分跨断层水准测点出现了一定的异常变化。时间上,观测曲线大致从1994年开始出现准同步的加速、转折,恢复到原来水平后发震;空间上,地震前2～3年研究区整体由张性转为压性,最后逐渐形成了以震中区为压性区而远离震中的地区压性逐渐减弱的空间分布格局。张北地震后,研究区出现了大范围的张性区,并且处于相对稳定的空间分布状态,这可能与区域应力的充分释放有关。
We analyzed 24 observational data of temporary fault-crossing leveling measurement in the Capital region of China and calculated the vertical fault deformation rate.With the principal component analysis method,we made a rate synthesizing from the vertical fault displacement rate in the study area,and then carried out a deep analysis of the deformation anomaly characteristics before and after the Zhangbei earthquake in the view from space and time.The results show that the part of stations in the Capital Region had some certain anomalies before the Zhangbei earthquake.In the view from time,the observation curves generally began to appear acceleration or turning simultaneously from 1994,the earthquake broke out after restoring to its original level,or exception to the maximum.From the point of space,2 to 3 years before the earthquake the studied area as a whole converted to pressure from the tensile,and gradually formed a pressure zone around the epicenter area and the pressure gradually decreased in the area far from the epicenter.After the Zhangbei earthquake,the studied area emerged a wide range of tensile in a relatively stable spatial distribution,which may be related to the full release of the stress.
We analyzed 24 observational data of temporary fault-crossing leveling measurement in the Capital region of China and calculated the vertical fault deformation rate.With the principal component analysis method,we made a rate synthesizing from the vertical fault displacement rate in the study area,and then carried out a deep analysis of the deformation anomaly characteristics before and after the Zhangbei earthquake in the view from space and time.The results show that the part of stations in the Capital Region had some certain anomalies before the Zhangbei earthquake.In the view from time,the observation curves generally began to appear acceleration or turning simultaneously from 1994,the earthquake broke out after restoring to its original level,or exception to the maximum.From the point of space,2 to 3 years before the earthquake the studied area as a whole converted to pressure from the tensile,and gradually formed a pressure zone around the epicenter area and the pressure gradually decreased in the area far from the epicenter.After the Zhangbei earthquake,the studied area emerged a wide range of tensile in a relatively stable spatial distribution,which may be related to the full release of the stress.
引文
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2刘峡,等,用GPS资料研究华北地区形变场和构造应力场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,(3):33-38.(LiuXia,et al.Deformation field and tectonic stress field con-strained by GPS observations in North China[J].Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics,2006,(3):33-38)
3车兆宏,等.张北6.2级地震地形变前兆演化特征[J].地震,1999,19(4):315-322.(Che Zhaohong,et al.Pre-cursory evolution characteristics of ground deformation beforeZhangbei Ms6.2 earthquake[J].Earthquake,1999,19(4):315-322)
4郝洪涛,等.华北地区流动观测资料的初步清理[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,(6):54-58.(Hao Hongtao,et al.Pre-liminary sort of repeated gravity datd in North China area[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,(6):54-58)
5张建国,关华平.张北6.2级地震前电磁波频谱分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,(增刊):29-32.(Zhang Jianguo and Guan Huaping.Analysis of electromag-netc spectrum before Zhangbei Ms6.2 earthquake[J].Jour-nal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2010,(Supp.):29-32)
6孟国杰,黎凯武.张北6.2级地震前的地壳形变特征[J].地震,1999,19(3):261-266.(Meng Guojie and LiKaiwu.The characteristics of crustal deformation beforeZhangbei earthquake with Ms6.2[J].Earthquake,1999,19(3):261-266)
7李卫东.应用多元统计分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2008.(Li Weidong.Applied multivariate statistical anal-ysis[M].Being:Peking University Press,2008)
8龚复华,王刚军.张北-尚义6.2级地震跨断层形变资料异常特征分析[A].国家地震局地壳应力研究所.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(11)[C].北京:地震出版社,1998.(Gong Fuhua and Wang Gangjun.Analyses of anomalies ofGeodetic data measured across fault prior to the Zhangbei-Shangyi M=6.2 earthquake[A].Institute of Crustal Dy-namics of China Earthquake Administration.Crustal struc-ture and crustal stress anthology(11)[C].Beijing:Seis-mology Press,1998)
9徐纪人,等.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):770-781.(Xu Jiren,et al.Regional characteristics of crustal stress field and tec-tonic motions in and around Chinese mainland[J].Chinese JGeophys.,2008,51(3):770-781)
10武敏捷,等.华北北部地区震源机制解及构造应力场特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(5):39-43.(Wu Minjie,et al.Analysis of focal mechanism andtectonic stress field features in northern part of North China[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2011,31(5):39-43)
11郭良迁,华彩虹.华北GPS网基线变化与地震活动[J].中国图像图形学报,1998,3(9):88-92.(Guo Liangqianand Hua Caihong.Baseline changes of GPS Network andseismic activity in North China[J].Journal of Image andGraphics,1998,3(9):88-92)
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