托云深源岩石包体计算波速与地震波速共同约束西南天山壳-幔过渡带
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摘要
对我国西部新疆托云地区中新生代火山岩中的深源岩石包体进行了波速计算,并与地球物理深部探测技术相结合,共同限定了西南天山深部壳-幔过渡带的组成和性质.托云地区麻粒岩、橄榄岩的计算波速分别是6.98～7.36km/s、7.96～8.47km/s.这些结果与地震反射探测地震波速的对比,说明在西南天山岩石圈剖面中的40～48km处存在较明显的壳-幔过渡带.过渡带自上而下主要由石英麻粒岩、辉石麻粒岩和橄榄石/石榴石麻粒岩组成,然后进入尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩组成的上地幔.这样的岩石圈壳-幔结构可以用岩浆底侵-变质作用来解释.
The velocities of a series of deep-seated xenoliths in Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic rocks from Tuoyun basin,western Xinjiang(NW China),are calculated.These data,combined with the published seismic velocities for the area,are used to define the composition and structure of the crust-mantle transitional zone beneath southwestern Tianshan.The calculated velocities of peridotite and granulite xenoliths are 6.98-7.36 km/s and 7.96-8.47 km/s,respectively.The comparison of these data with the seismic velocities shows the presence of the crust-mantle transitional zone in 40-48 km beneath southwestern Tianshan.The zone consists of quartz granulite,pyroxene granulite and olivine/garnet granulite from top to bottom,and then transfers into the upper mantle mainly composed of spinel-facies lherzolite with or without volatile component minerals(phlogopite or amphibole).Such crust-mantle structure of lithosphere can be well explained by magma underplating and metamorphism.
The velocities of a series of deep-seated xenoliths in Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic rocks from Tuoyun basin,western Xinjiang(NW China),are calculated.These data,combined with the published seismic velocities for the area,are used to define the composition and structure of the crust-mantle transitional zone beneath southwestern Tianshan.The calculated velocities of peridotite and granulite xenoliths are 6.98-7.36 km/s and 7.96-8.47 km/s,respectively.The comparison of these data with the seismic velocities shows the presence of the crust-mantle transitional zone in 40-48 km beneath southwestern Tianshan.The zone consists of quartz granulite,pyroxene granulite and olivine/garnet granulite from top to bottom,and then transfers into the upper mantle mainly composed of spinel-facies lherzolite with or without volatile component minerals(phlogopite or amphibole).Such crust-mantle structure of lithosphere can be well explained by magma underplating and metamorphism.
引文
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Chen,Z.F.,Cheng,S.D.,1997.Opening and closing tecton-ics and mineralizationin Xinjiang.Science and Technol-ogy and Health Publishing House,乌鲁木齐(in Chi-nese).
Christensen,N.I.,1989.Seismic velocity.In:Camichael,R.S.,ed.,Practical handbook of physical properties ofrocks and minerals.CRC Press,Boca Raton,429-534.
Deng,J.F.,Su,S.G.,Liu,C.,et al.,2006.Discussion on thelithospheric thinning of the North China craton:Delami-nation or thermal erosion and chemical metasomatism.Earth Science Frontiers,13(2):105-119(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Fan,Q.C.,Liu,R.X.,1996.The high temperature granulitexenoliths in the Hannuoba basalt.Chinese Science Bul-letin,41(3):235-238(in Chinese).
Fan,Q.C.,Sui,J.L.,2001.The granulite-eclogite facies cu-mulate xenoliths in Hannuoba area—The evidence ofthe crust-mantle transitional zone.Bulletinof NationalScience Foundation of China,1:23-27(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Fan,Q.C.,Zhang,H.F.,Sui,J.L.,et al.,2005.Magma un-derplating and composition of crust-mantle margin now-adays:Evidence fromthe petrology and geochemistry ofthe xenoliths in Hannuoba area.Science in China(Se-ries D),35(1):1-14(in Chinese).
Gao,S.,Roberta,L.R.,Richard,W.C.,et al.,2003.Remov-al of lithospheric mantle in the North China craton:Re-Os isotopic evidence for coupled crust-mantle growth.Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):61-67(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Han,B.F.,Wang,X.C.,He,G.Q.,et al.,1998.Discoveryof upper mantle andlower crust xenolithin Early Creta-ceous volcanic rock from southwest Tianshan.ChineseScience Bulletin,43(23):2544-2547(in Chinese).
Han,B.F.,Wang,X.C.,He,G.Q.,et al.,1999.Discoveryof mantle and lower crust xenoliths from Early Creta-ceous volcanic rocks of southwestern Tianshan,Xin-jiang.Chinese Science Bulletin,44(12):1119-1123.
Liu,G.,2004.Metallogenic perspective analyzing of repre-sentative deposits in southwest Tianshan.In:He,G.Q.,Xu,X.,eds.,Geology and mineral collection ofTianshan,Xinjiang,China.Geological PublishingHouse,Beijing,119-124(in Chinese).
Liu,Y.S.,Gao,S.,Zhou,L.,et al.,2001.Geochronologyand geodynamic implications of the felsic granulite xen-oliths fromthe Hannuoba basalt.Geochimica,30(1):51-56(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Xu,X.Y.,Xia,L.Q.,Xia,Z.C.,et al.,2003.Geochemistryand genesis of Cretaceous-Paleogene basalts from theTuoyun basin,Southwest Tianshan Mountains.Geochimica,32(6):551-560(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Zhai,M.G.,Fan,Q.C.,2002.Mesozoic replacement of bot-tomcrust in North China craton:An orogenic mantle-crust interaction.Acta Petrologica Sinica,18(1):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,Z.C.,Xiao,X.C.,Wang,J.,et al.,2002.Discoveryof enclaves from Cenozoic Pulu volcanic rocks of westKunlun Mountains and their geological implications.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geo-sciences,27(4):386-390(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Zhao,J.M.,2005.Lithospheric structure and geodynamics ofTianshan orogenic belt.Seismological PublishingHouse,Beijing,3-105(in Chinese).
Zhao,J.M.,Liu,G.D.,Lu,Z.X.,et al.,2003.Lithosphericstructure and dynamic processes of the Tianshan oro-genic belt and the Junggar basin.Tectonophysics,376:199-239.
Zheng,J.P.,Griffin,W.L.,O’Reilly,S.Y.,et al.,2006a.Granulite xenoliths and their zircons,Tuoyun,NWChi-na:Insights into southwestern Tianshan lower crust.Precambrian Research,145:159-181.
Zheng,J.P.,Grffin,W.L.,O’Reilly,S.Y.,et al.,2006b.The lithospheric mantle beneaththe southwestern Tian-shan area,Northwest China.Contributions to Mineralo-gy Petrology,151(4):457-479.
Zheng,J.P.,Lu,F.X.,O’Reilly,S.Y.,et al.,2001.Traceelement of Tuoyun clinopyroxene:Implication for thedeep processes of lithospheric mantle beneath thesouthwest Tianshan,West China.Chinese Science Bul-letin,46(6):497-502(in Chinese).
Zheng,J.P.,Lu,F.X.,Yu,C.M.,et al.,2006.Peridotiticpetrochemistry of the eastern North China:Significancefor lithospheric mantle evolution.Earth Science—Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences,31(1):49-56(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,J.P.,Luo,Z.H.,Yu,C.M.,et al.,2005.Geochemis-try and zircon U-Pb ages of granulite xenulith fromTuoyun basalts,Xinjiang:Implications for the petro-genesis and the lower crustal nature beneath southwest-ern Tianshan.Chinese Science Bulletin,50(8):793-801(in Chinese).
Zhou,Q.J.,Zheng,J.J.,1990.Tectonic analysis of Tarim.Science Press,Beijing,27-59(in Chinese).
Zhou,X.M.,Yu,J.H.,Xu,X.S.,et al.,1992.Discoveryand implications of the granulite xenoliths in basaltfrom Nüshan.Chinese Science Bulletin,37(13):1198-1201(in Chinese).
陈哲夫,成守德,1997.新疆开合构造与成矿.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫星出版社.
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樊祺诚,隋建立,2001.汉诺坝麻粒岩相-榴辉岩相堆晶岩捕虏体——壳-幔过渡带的证据.中国科学基金,1:23-27.
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Brookfield,M.E.,2000.Geological development and Phaner-ozoic crustal accretion in the western segment of thesouthern Tienshan.Tectonophysics,328:1-14.
Chen,Z.F.,Cheng,S.D.,1997.Opening and closing tecton-ics and mineralizationin Xinjiang.Science and Technol-ogy and Health Publishing House,乌鲁木齐(in Chi-nese).
Christensen,N.I.,1989.Seismic velocity.In:Camichael,R.S.,ed.,Practical handbook of physical properties ofrocks and minerals.CRC Press,Boca Raton,429-534.
Deng,J.F.,Su,S.G.,Liu,C.,et al.,2006.Discussion on thelithospheric thinning of the North China craton:Delami-nation or thermal erosion and chemical metasomatism.Earth Science Frontiers,13(2):105-119(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Fan,Q.C.,Liu,R.X.,1996.The high temperature granulitexenoliths in the Hannuoba basalt.Chinese Science Bul-letin,41(3):235-238(in Chinese).
Fan,Q.C.,Sui,J.L.,2001.The granulite-eclogite facies cu-mulate xenoliths in Hannuoba area—The evidence ofthe crust-mantle transitional zone.Bulletinof NationalScience Foundation of China,1:23-27(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Fan,Q.C.,Zhang,H.F.,Sui,J.L.,et al.,2005.Magma un-derplating and composition of crust-mantle margin now-adays:Evidence fromthe petrology and geochemistry ofthe xenoliths in Hannuoba area.Science in China(Se-ries D),35(1):1-14(in Chinese).
Gao,S.,Roberta,L.R.,Richard,W.C.,et al.,2003.Remov-al of lithospheric mantle in the North China craton:Re-Os isotopic evidence for coupled crust-mantle growth.Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):61-67(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Han,B.F.,Wang,X.C.,He,G.Q.,et al.,1998.Discoveryof upper mantle andlower crust xenolithin Early Creta-ceous volcanic rock from southwest Tianshan.ChineseScience Bulletin,43(23):2544-2547(in Chinese).
Han,B.F.,Wang,X.C.,He,G.Q.,et al.,1999.Discoveryof mantle and lower crust xenoliths from Early Creta-ceous volcanic rocks of southwestern Tianshan,Xin-jiang.Chinese Science Bulletin,44(12):1119-1123.
Liu,G.,2004.Metallogenic perspective analyzing of repre-sentative deposits in southwest Tianshan.In:He,G.Q.,Xu,X.,eds.,Geology and mineral collection ofTianshan,Xinjiang,China.Geological PublishingHouse,Beijing,119-124(in Chinese).
Liu,Y.S.,Gao,S.,Zhou,L.,et al.,2001.Geochronologyand geodynamic implications of the felsic granulite xen-oliths fromthe Hannuoba basalt.Geochimica,30(1):51-56(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo,Z.H.,Bai,Z.D.,Zhao,Z.D.,et al.,2003.Cenozoicmagmatismin the south and north rims of Tarimbasin:Petrogenesis and tectonic implications.Earth ScienceFrontiers,10(3):179-189(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Luo,Z.H.,Zhang,W.H.,Deng,J.F.,et al.,2000.Charac-teristic and geological significance of the deep-seatedxenoliths in Cenozoic basalt in Kangxi wa,western Kun-lun Mountains,China.Earth Science Frontiers,7(1):295-298(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mooney,W.D.,Meissner,R.,1992.Multi-genetic origin ofcrustal reflectivity:Areview of seismic reflection profi-ling of the continental lower crust and MOHO.In:Fountain,D.M.,et al.,eds.,Continental lower crust.Elsevier,Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo;45-71.
Rudnick,R.L.,1995.Continental crust:Growthfrombelow.Nature,347:711-712.
Stosch,H.G.,Schmuker,A.,Reys,C.,1992.The natureand geological history of the deep crust under the Eifel.Germany Terra Nova,4(1):53-62.
Wang,Y.B.,Wang,Y.,Liu,X.,et al.,2000.Geochemicalcharacteristics and genesis of Late Cretaceous to Paleo-cene basalts in Tuoyun basin,South Tianshan Moun-tain.Acta Petrologica Mineralogica,19(2):131-139(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.C.,Huang,B.C.,Zhu,R.X.,et al.,2004.The pa-leomagnetic results of Cenozoic volcanic rocks inTuoyun basin,Southwest Tianshan and its tectonic im-plications.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(10):993-999(in Chinese).
Xiao,X.C.,Tang,Y.Q.,Feng,Y.M.,et al.,1992.Tecton-ics of North Xinjiang and its adjacent region.GeologicalPublishing House,Beijing,2-3(in Chinese).
Xu,W.L.,Wang,Q.H.,Wang,D.Y.,et al.,2004.Proces-ses and mechanismof Mesozoic lithospheric thinning ineastern North China craton:Evidence from Mesozoic ig-neous rocks and deep-seated xenoliths.Earth ScienceFrontiers,11(3):309-317(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Xu,X.Y.,Xia,L.Q.,Xia,Z.C.,et al.,2003.Geochemistryand genesis of Cretaceous-Paleogene basalts from theTuoyun basin,Southwest Tianshan Mountains.Geochimica,32(6):551-560(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Zhai,M.G.,Fan,Q.C.,2002.Mesozoic replacement of bot-tomcrust in North China craton:An orogenic mantle-crust interaction.Acta Petrologica Sinica,18(1):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,Z.C.,Xiao,X.C.,Wang,J.,et al.,2002.Discoveryof enclaves from Cenozoic Pulu volcanic rocks of westKunlun Mountains and their geological implications.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geo-sciences,27(4):386-390(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Zhao,J.M.,2005.Lithospheric structure and geodynamics ofTianshan orogenic belt.Seismological PublishingHouse,Beijing,3-105(in Chinese).
Zhao,J.M.,Liu,G.D.,Lu,Z.X.,et al.,2003.Lithosphericstructure and dynamic processes of the Tianshan oro-genic belt and the Junggar basin.Tectonophysics,376:199-239.
Zheng,J.P.,Griffin,W.L.,O’Reilly,S.Y.,et al.,2006a.Granulite xenoliths and their zircons,Tuoyun,NWChi-na:Insights into southwestern Tianshan lower crust.Precambrian Research,145:159-181.
Zheng,J.P.,Grffin,W.L.,O’Reilly,S.Y.,et al.,2006b.The lithospheric mantle beneaththe southwestern Tian-shan area,Northwest China.Contributions to Mineralo-gy Petrology,151(4):457-479.
Zheng,J.P.,Lu,F.X.,O’Reilly,S.Y.,et al.,2001.Traceelement of Tuoyun clinopyroxene:Implication for thedeep processes of lithospheric mantle beneath thesouthwest Tianshan,West China.Chinese Science Bul-letin,46(6):497-502(in Chinese).
Zheng,J.P.,Lu,F.X.,Yu,C.M.,et al.,2006.Peridotiticpetrochemistry of the eastern North China:Significancefor lithospheric mantle evolution.Earth Science—Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences,31(1):49-56(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,J.P.,Luo,Z.H.,Yu,C.M.,et al.,2005.Geochemis-try and zircon U-Pb ages of granulite xenulith fromTuoyun basalts,Xinjiang:Implications for the petro-genesis and the lower crustal nature beneath southwest-ern Tianshan.Chinese Science Bulletin,50(8):793-801(in Chinese).
Zhou,Q.J.,Zheng,J.J.,1990.Tectonic analysis of Tarim.Science Press,Beijing,27-59(in Chinese).
Zhou,X.M.,Yu,J.H.,Xu,X.S.,et al.,1992.Discoveryand implications of the granulite xenoliths in basaltfrom Nüshan.Chinese Science Bulletin,37(13):1198-1201(in Chinese).
陈哲夫,成守德,1997.新疆开合构造与成矿.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫星出版社.
邓晋福,苏尚国,刘翠,等,2006.关于华北克拉通燕山期岩石圈减薄的机制与过程的讨论:是拆沉,还是热侵蚀和化学交代.地学前缘,13(2):105-119.
樊祺诚,刘若新,1996.汉诺坝玄武岩中高温麻粒岩捕虏体科学通报,41(3):235-238.
樊祺诚,隋建立,2001.汉诺坝麻粒岩相-榴辉岩相堆晶岩捕虏体——壳-幔过渡带的证据.中国科学基金,1:23-27.
樊祺诚,张宏福,隋建立,等,2005.岩浆底侵作用与汉诺坝现今壳-幔边界组成——捕虏体岩石学与地球化学证据.中国科学(D辑),35(1):1-14.
高山,Roberta,L.R.,Richard,W.C.,等,2003.华北克拉通岩石圈地幔置换作用和壳幔生长耦合的Re-Os同位素证据.地学前缘,10(3):61-67.
韩宝福,王学潮,何国琦,等,1998.西南天山早白垩世火山岩中发现地幔和下地壳捕虏体.科学通报,43(23):2544-2547.
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