Wigner-Ville分布及其在地震衰减估计中的应用(英文)
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摘要
地震信号的衰减一般是在频域内利用信号功率谱的统计性质进行表征。但是,传统的基于傅立叶变换的功率谱估计方法的分辨率较低,使得衰减估计的精度较低。Wigner-Ville分布是一种重要的Cohen类时频分布,它具有一系列的优良性质,如时频边缘分布性质、好的时频聚集性等。这些性质对信号的时频分析具有重要意义。因此,Wigner-Ville分布为地震信号的衰减估计提供了新的手段。本文首先介绍了Wigner-Ville分布以及能够减少或消除交叉项影响的平滑Wigner-Ville分布,然后,提出了一种基于Wigner-Ville分布的衰减估计方法。在这一方法中,利用Wigner-Ville分布得到的瞬时能量谱中高频段的能量下降速率度量衰减。将这一方法应用到塔中地区奥陶系礁滩相碳酸盐岩储层预测,结果表明,基于Wigner-Ville分布的衰减能够有效地检测出礁滩相带和泻湖区域之间衰减特性的差异。
The attenuation of seismic signals is often characterized in the frequency domain using statistical measures of the power spectrum.However,the conventional Fourier transform-based power spectrum estimation methods suffer from time-frequency resolution problems.Wigner-Ville distribution,which is a member of Cohen class time-frequency distributions,possesses many appealing properties,such as time-frequency marginal distribution,time-frequency localization,etc.Therefore,Wigner-Ville distribution offers a new way for estimating the attenuation of seismic signals.This paper initially gives a brief introduction to Wigner-Ville distribution and the smoothed Wigner-Ville distribution that is effective in reducing the cross-term effect,and then presents a method for seismic attenuation estimation based on the instantaneous energy spectrum of the Wigner-Ville distribution.A real data example from central Tarim Basin in western China is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results show that the Wigner-Ville distribution- based seismic attenuation estimation method can effectively detect the difference between reef,shoal and lagoon facies by their attenuation properties,indicating that the estimated seismic attenuation can be used for reef and shoal carbonate reservoir characterization.
The attenuation of seismic signals is often characterized in the frequency domain using statistical measures of the power spectrum.However,the conventional Fourier transform-based power spectrum estimation methods suffer from time-frequency resolution problems.Wigner-Ville distribution,which is a member of Cohen class time-frequency distributions,possesses many appealing properties,such as time-frequency marginal distribution,time-frequency localization,etc.Therefore,Wigner-Ville distribution offers a new way for estimating the attenuation of seismic signals.This paper initially gives a brief introduction to Wigner-Ville distribution and the smoothed Wigner-Ville distribution that is effective in reducing the cross-term effect,and then presents a method for seismic attenuation estimation based on the instantaneous energy spectrum of the Wigner-Ville distribution.A real data example from central Tarim Basin in western China is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results show that the Wigner-Ville distribution- based seismic attenuation estimation method can effectively detect the difference between reef,shoal and lagoon facies by their attenuation properties,indicating that the estimated seismic attenuation can be used for reef and shoal carbonate reservoir characterization.
引文
Bai.,H.and Li.,K.P.,1999, Stratigraphic absorption compensation based on time- frequency analysis:Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),34(6),642-648.
Hauge,P.S.,1981,Measurements of attenuation from vertical seismic profiles:Geophysics, 46(11),1548-1558.
Klimentos,T.,1995.Attenuation of P-and S-waves as a method of distinguishing gas and condensate from oil and waters:Geophysics, 60(2),447-458,
Li,H.B.,Zhao,W.Z.,Cao,H., Yao,F.C.,and Shao,L.Y., 2006,Measures of scale based on the wavelet scalogram with applications to seismic attenuation.Geophysics,71(5). V111-V118.
Liu,X.Q.,Shen,P.,Li,H.et al., 2003,Time-frequency energy attenuation factor and its application on the basis of Gauss linear modulation frequency continuous wavelet transform: Earthquake Research in China, 19(3),225-235.
Liu.,X.W,Nian,J.B.,and Liu. H.,2006,Analysis of seismic wave energy attenuation based on generalized S-transform:Progress in Exploration Geophysics (in Chinese),29(1):20-24.
Qian,S.E.2005,Introduction to time-frequency and wavelet transforms,Machine Press, China.
Quan,Y.L.,and Harris,J.M.,1997. Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method: Geophysics,62(3),895-905.
Rickett,J.,2007,Estimating attenuation and the relative information content of amplitude and phase spectra:Geophysics. 72(1),R19-R27.
Stainsby,S.D.,and Worthington, M.H.,1985,Q estimation from vertical seismic profile data and anomalous variations in the North Sea:Geophysics,50(4),615- 626.
Toks(?)z,M.N.,Johnston,D.H., and Timur,A.,1979,Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks:I.laboratory measurements:Geophysics. 44(4),681-690.
Zhang,C.J,and Ulrych,T.J.,2002,Estimation of quality factors from CMP records:Geophysics,67(5), 1542-1547.
Zheng,X.D.,Li,Y.D.,Li,J.S.,and Yu,X.W.,2007, Reef and shoal reservoir characterization using paleogeomorpology constrained seismic attribute analysis,77th Annual SEG Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,1382-1386.
Winkler,K.,and Nur,A.,1979,Pore fluids and seismic attenuation in rocks:Geophysical Research Letters,6, 1-4.
Hauge,P.S.,1981,Measurements of attenuation from vertical seismic profiles:Geophysics, 46(11),1548-1558.
Klimentos,T.,1995.Attenuation of P-and S-waves as a method of distinguishing gas and condensate from oil and waters:Geophysics, 60(2),447-458,
Li,H.B.,Zhao,W.Z.,Cao,H., Yao,F.C.,and Shao,L.Y., 2006,Measures of scale based on the wavelet scalogram with applications to seismic attenuation.Geophysics,71(5). V111-V118.
Liu,X.Q.,Shen,P.,Li,H.et al., 2003,Time-frequency energy attenuation factor and its application on the basis of Gauss linear modulation frequency continuous wavelet transform: Earthquake Research in China, 19(3),225-235.
Liu.,X.W,Nian,J.B.,and Liu. H.,2006,Analysis of seismic wave energy attenuation based on generalized S-transform:Progress in Exploration Geophysics (in Chinese),29(1):20-24.
Qian,S.E.2005,Introduction to time-frequency and wavelet transforms,Machine Press, China.
Quan,Y.L.,and Harris,J.M.,1997. Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method: Geophysics,62(3),895-905.
Rickett,J.,2007,Estimating attenuation and the relative information content of amplitude and phase spectra:Geophysics. 72(1),R19-R27.
Stainsby,S.D.,and Worthington, M.H.,1985,Q estimation from vertical seismic profile data and anomalous variations in the North Sea:Geophysics,50(4),615- 626.
Toks(?)z,M.N.,Johnston,D.H., and Timur,A.,1979,Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks:I.laboratory measurements:Geophysics. 44(4),681-690.
Zhang,C.J,and Ulrych,T.J.,2002,Estimation of quality factors from CMP records:Geophysics,67(5), 1542-1547.
Zheng,X.D.,Li,Y.D.,Li,J.S.,and Yu,X.W.,2007, Reef and shoal reservoir characterization using paleogeomorpology constrained seismic attribute analysis,77th Annual SEG Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,1382-1386.
Winkler,K.,and Nur,A.,1979,Pore fluids and seismic attenuation in rocks:Geophysical Research Letters,6, 1-4.
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