铜陵狮子山金属矿地震反射结果及对区域找矿的意义
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摘要
层控”矽卡岩型矿床在长江中下游成矿带占有重要的地位 ,绝大多数受控于泥盆系五通组与石炭系黄龙组的接触面。因此 ,长期以来“五通组砂岩 +岩体”已成为寻找此类矿床的主要找矿模型。为了探测黄龙组灰岩与五通组砂岩的接触面在铜陵矿集区的深度和展布 ,为隐伏矿预测提供依据 ,完善金属矿区地震反射技术 ,笔者在铜陵矿集区测试了 3条地震反射剖面。结果显示 :地震反射可以精确确定五通组顶面的分布 ,该控矿层深度在 1～ 2km之间变化 ,大致呈复背斜形状 ,与地表的青山背斜相吻合 ,该层之下还存在 2个明显的岩性界面 ,推测分别为奥陶系灰岩顶面和基底面 ,其形态表现为更紧密的背斜 ,而且与五通组顶板反射面形态不耦合 ,反映了非耦合变形过程。这种变形有利于产生层间滑脱 ,为成矿流体迁移创造了有利条件。本次试验结果表明 ,在地表到 2km范围内 ,按照“岩体 +赋矿层位”的找矿模型在铜陵矿集区进行深部找矿仍有巨大潜力。
With the growing difficulty in surface mineral exploration, the prospecting for deep_seated mineral deposits has become the major strategy for exploration in the new century, and the development of deep probe techniques is crucial for deep exploration. The seismic reflection method is of great superiority in both exploration depth and exploration precision. However, due to the complexity of the orefield structure and the orebody shape as well as the small effective reflection area compared with the seismic wavelength, the development of mineral seismic exploration has been limited to some extent. In recent decades, the seismic reflection technique has made great progress, the strategy for exploration has also changed greatly, and the exploration of ore_related or ore_bearing structures has gradually become the major object. This strategy makes full use of the features of seismic reflection, and has acquired wide application. The results obtained have proved its effectiveness. "Stratabound" skarn type mineral deposits constitute the major type of deposits in the middle and lower Yangtze metallogenic belt. They are mainly controlled by the contact zone between Devonian Wutong Formation and Carboniferous Huanglong Formation. Therefore, "Wutong Formation sandstone + granite" has served as the dominant exploration model in search for this kind of mineral deposits. In order to detect the spatial distribution and the depth of the Wutong_Huanglong contact zone in the Tongling ore district, provide the theoretical basis for mineral prediction, and perfect the seismic reflection technique, the authors made tests along 3 seismic reflection profiles in the Tongling ore district. The results show that the seismic reflection could accurately determine the distribution of the contact zone between Wutong Formation and Huanglong Formation. The depth of this ore control layer varies in the range of 1～2 km, approximately showing an anticline shape which corresponds to the surface Qingshan anticline. Below this layer, there are two clear reflections, caused probably by Ordovician limestone and the basement. They have the shape of more closed anticlines, which are decoupled with the upper reflection of Wutong Formation, thus reflecting a decoupling deformation process. This kind of deformations is favorable to the production of decollement between the strata, which makes up a favorable condition for migration of metallogenic fluids. This seismic reflection experiment in Tongling ore district further proves that there are still great potential in looking for mineral deposits within the depth range of 2 km according to the "ore_bearing strata + granite" model.
With the growing difficulty in surface mineral exploration, the prospecting for deep_seated mineral deposits has become the major strategy for exploration in the new century, and the development of deep probe techniques is crucial for deep exploration. The seismic reflection method is of great superiority in both exploration depth and exploration precision. However, due to the complexity of the orefield structure and the orebody shape as well as the small effective reflection area compared with the seismic wavelength, the development of mineral seismic exploration has been limited to some extent. In recent decades, the seismic reflection technique has made great progress, the strategy for exploration has also changed greatly, and the exploration of ore_related or ore_bearing structures has gradually become the major object. This strategy makes full use of the features of seismic reflection, and has acquired wide application. The results obtained have proved its effectiveness. "Stratabound" skarn type mineral deposits constitute the major type of deposits in the middle and lower Yangtze metallogenic belt. They are mainly controlled by the contact zone between Devonian Wutong Formation and Carboniferous Huanglong Formation. Therefore, "Wutong Formation sandstone + granite" has served as the dominant exploration model in search for this kind of mineral deposits. In order to detect the spatial distribution and the depth of the Wutong_Huanglong contact zone in the Tongling ore district, provide the theoretical basis for mineral prediction, and perfect the seismic reflection technique, the authors made tests along 3 seismic reflection profiles in the Tongling ore district. The results show that the seismic reflection could accurately determine the distribution of the contact zone between Wutong Formation and Huanglong Formation. The depth of this ore control layer varies in the range of 1～2 km, approximately showing an anticline shape which corresponds to the surface Qingshan anticline. Below this layer, there are two clear reflections, caused probably by Ordovician limestone and the basement. They have the shape of more closed anticlines, which are decoupled with the upper reflection of Wutong Formation, thus reflecting a decoupling deformation process. This kind of deformations is favorable to the production of decollement between the strata, which makes up a favorable condition for migration of metallogenic fluids. This seismic reflection experiment in Tongling ore district further proves that there are still great potential in looking for mineral deposits within the depth range of 2 km according to the "ore_bearing strata + granite" model.
引文
1安徽省地矿局.1969.铜陵幅区域地质矿产调查报告(1∶20万).
1安徽省地矿局.1969.铜陵幅区域地质矿产调查报告(1∶20万).
1常印佛,裴荣富,侯增谦,等.2003.“大型矿集区深部精细结构与含矿信息”阶段研究报告.
1常印佛,裴荣富,侯增谦,等.2003.“大型矿集区深部精细结构与含矿信息”阶段研究报告.
2安徽狮子山矿田勘查报告.1995.安徽省地矿局321地质队.
1安徽省地矿局321地质队.1995.安徽狮子山矿田勘查报告.
BerryhillJR .1977.Diffractionresponsefornon_zeroseparationofsourceandreceiver[J].Geophysics,42:1158～1176.
ChangYF ,LiuXP ,WuYC .1991.TheCopper_Ironbeltofthelow erandmiddlereachesoftheChangjiangriver[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～379(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ChenHS ,ZhangYM ,XuSW ,etal.1999.ThelithospherictexturalandstructuralfeaturesaswellasoilandgasevaluationinthelowerYangtzeareaanditsadjacentregion,China[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～287(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
DrummondBJandGolebyBR .1993.Seismicreflectionimagesofma jorore_controllingstructuresintheEasternGoldfields,WesternAustralia[J].Expl.Geophys.,24:473～478.
DrummondBJ ,GolebyBR ,GoncharovAG ,etal.1997.Crustal_scalestructuresintheProterozoicMountIsainlierofnorthAustralia:Theirseismicresponseandinfluenceonmineralisation[J].Tectono physics,288:43～56.
DrummondBJ,GolebyBR ,OwenAJ,etal.2000.Seismicreflectionimagingofmineralsystems:Threecasehistories[J].Geophysics,65:1852～1861.
GoultyN .1993.Controlled_sourcetomographyforminingandengineer ingapplication[A].In:IyerHMandHiraharaK ,eds.Seismicto mography:Theoryandpractice[C].London:ChapmanandHall.797～813.JonesTandNurA .1984.
Thenatureofseismicreflectionsfromdeepcrustalfaultzones[J].J .Geophys.Res.,89:3153～3171.
LiuWC ,GaoDZ ,ChuGZ ,etal.1996.ThestructuralanalysisandmetallogenesispredicationinTonglingarea,Anhui[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～131(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
LudwigJ ,NafeJandDrakeC .1971.Seismicrefraction[A ].In:MaxwellAE ,ed.TheSea[M ].NewYork:Wiley.4:53～84.
MilkereitB ,EatonD ,WuJ,etal.1996.Seismicimagingofmassivesulfidedeposits:PartII .Reflectionseismicprofiling[J].Econ.Geol.,91:829～834.
OkayAI,Seng rAMCandSatirM .1993.Tectonicsofanultra_highpressuremetamorphicterrane:theDabieshan/Tongbaishanorogen,China[J].Tectonic,12:1320～1334.
SalisburyMH ,MilkereitB ,andBleekerW .1996.Seismicimagingofmassivesulfidedeposites:PartI .Rockproperties[J].Econ.Geol.,91:821～828.
ShiDN ,LuQT ,XuMC ,etal.2004.Atomographicstudyofshal lowstructuresinTonglingmetallogenicprovince[J].MineralDe posits,23(3):383～389(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
SpencerC ,ThurlowG ,WrightJ,etal.1993.AvibroseisreflectionsurveyattheBuchansmineincentralNewfoundland[J].Geo physics,58:154～166.
TangYC ,WuYC ,ChuGZ ,etal.1998.Geologyofcopper_goldpolymetallicdepositsinthealong_ChangjiangareofAnhuiprovinces[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～351(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
VerpaelstP ,PeloquinAS ,AdamE ,etal.1995.Seismicreflectionprofilingacrossthe“MineSeries”intheNorandacampoftheAbitibibelt,easternCanada[J].Can.J.EarthSciences,32:167～176.
YangZS ,HouZQ ,MengYF ,etal.2004.ThespatialandtimestructureofHercynianvolcanic_sedmentaryfluidsysteminTonglingoredistrict,Anhuiprovince[J].MineralDeposits,23(3):281～297(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铁铜成矿带[M ].北京:地质出版社.1～379.
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文,等.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社.1～287.
刘文灿,高德臻,储国正,等.1996.安徽铜陵地区构造变形分析及成矿预测[M].北京:地质出版社.1～131.
史大年,吕庆田,徐明才,等.2004.铜陵矿集区地壳浅表结构的地震层析研究[J].矿床地质,23(3):383～389.
唐永成,吴言昌,储国正.1998.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质[M ].北京:地质出版社.1～351.
杨竹森,侯增谦,蒙义峰,等.2004.安徽铜陵矿集区海西期喷流—沉积流体系统时空结构[J].矿床地质,23(3):281～297.
1安徽省地矿局.1969.铜陵幅区域地质矿产调查报告(1∶20万).
1常印佛,裴荣富,侯增谦,等.2003.“大型矿集区深部精细结构与含矿信息”阶段研究报告.
1常印佛,裴荣富,侯增谦,等.2003.“大型矿集区深部精细结构与含矿信息”阶段研究报告.
2安徽狮子山矿田勘查报告.1995.安徽省地矿局321地质队.
1安徽省地矿局321地质队.1995.安徽狮子山矿田勘查报告.
BerryhillJR .1977.Diffractionresponsefornon_zeroseparationofsourceandreceiver[J].Geophysics,42:1158～1176.
ChangYF ,LiuXP ,WuYC .1991.TheCopper_Ironbeltofthelow erandmiddlereachesoftheChangjiangriver[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～379(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ChenHS ,ZhangYM ,XuSW ,etal.1999.ThelithospherictexturalandstructuralfeaturesaswellasoilandgasevaluationinthelowerYangtzeareaanditsadjacentregion,China[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～287(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
DrummondBJandGolebyBR .1993.Seismicreflectionimagesofma jorore_controllingstructuresintheEasternGoldfields,WesternAustralia[J].Expl.Geophys.,24:473～478.
DrummondBJ ,GolebyBR ,GoncharovAG ,etal.1997.Crustal_scalestructuresintheProterozoicMountIsainlierofnorthAustralia:Theirseismicresponseandinfluenceonmineralisation[J].Tectono physics,288:43～56.
DrummondBJ,GolebyBR ,OwenAJ,etal.2000.Seismicreflectionimagingofmineralsystems:Threecasehistories[J].Geophysics,65:1852～1861.
GoultyN .1993.Controlled_sourcetomographyforminingandengineer ingapplication[A].In:IyerHMandHiraharaK ,eds.Seismicto mography:Theoryandpractice[C].London:ChapmanandHall.797～813.JonesTandNurA .1984.
Thenatureofseismicreflectionsfromdeepcrustalfaultzones[J].J .Geophys.Res.,89:3153～3171.
LiuWC ,GaoDZ ,ChuGZ ,etal.1996.ThestructuralanalysisandmetallogenesispredicationinTonglingarea,Anhui[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～131(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
LudwigJ ,NafeJandDrakeC .1971.Seismicrefraction[A ].In:MaxwellAE ,ed.TheSea[M ].NewYork:Wiley.4:53～84.
MilkereitB ,EatonD ,WuJ,etal.1996.Seismicimagingofmassivesulfidedeposits:PartII .Reflectionseismicprofiling[J].Econ.Geol.,91:829～834.
OkayAI,Seng rAMCandSatirM .1993.Tectonicsofanultra_highpressuremetamorphicterrane:theDabieshan/Tongbaishanorogen,China[J].Tectonic,12:1320～1334.
SalisburyMH ,MilkereitB ,andBleekerW .1996.Seismicimagingofmassivesulfidedeposites:PartI .Rockproperties[J].Econ.Geol.,91:821～828.
ShiDN ,LuQT ,XuMC ,etal.2004.Atomographicstudyofshal lowstructuresinTonglingmetallogenicprovince[J].MineralDe posits,23(3):383～389(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
SpencerC ,ThurlowG ,WrightJ,etal.1993.AvibroseisreflectionsurveyattheBuchansmineincentralNewfoundland[J].Geo physics,58:154～166.
TangYC ,WuYC ,ChuGZ ,etal.1998.Geologyofcopper_goldpolymetallicdepositsinthealong_ChangjiangareofAnhuiprovinces[M ].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.1～351(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
VerpaelstP ,PeloquinAS ,AdamE ,etal.1995.Seismicreflectionprofilingacrossthe“MineSeries”intheNorandacampoftheAbitibibelt,easternCanada[J].Can.J.EarthSciences,32:167～176.
YangZS ,HouZQ ,MengYF ,etal.2004.ThespatialandtimestructureofHercynianvolcanic_sedmentaryfluidsysteminTonglingoredistrict,Anhuiprovince[J].MineralDeposits,23(3):281～297(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铁铜成矿带[M ].北京:地质出版社.1～379.
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文,等.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社.1～287.
刘文灿,高德臻,储国正,等.1996.安徽铜陵地区构造变形分析及成矿预测[M].北京:地质出版社.1～131.
史大年,吕庆田,徐明才,等.2004.铜陵矿集区地壳浅表结构的地震层析研究[J].矿床地质,23(3):383～389.
唐永成,吴言昌,储国正.1998.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质[M ].北京:地质出版社.1～351.
杨竹森,侯增谦,蒙义峰,等.2004.安徽铜陵矿集区海西期喷流—沉积流体系统时空结构[J].矿床地质,23(3):281～297.
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