中国东北地区岩石圈结构的地震学特征与对矿产资源的动力控制作用
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摘要
利用东北地区1°×1°深至400km的三维Vp(km/s)值数据,选择互相垂直的2条有代表性的剖面,初步建立研究区构造圈、均匀层基本结构模型;利用8套沿不同经纬线的剖面Vp值分布,勾绘出研究区深至过渡层的结构模型谱;进一步综合得到研究区三维岩石圈结构模型。东北地区的B″层可能由3部分组成,即下部的低速带,中上部的中速、低速相间互层带和上部的增速带,B″层底界面是区分B″与B'″层的稳定的标志,上部的增速带速度与B'下部速度值接近,按照传统认识,那里是岩石圈底界面的位置,东北地区B″层顶界面形态可能存在不连续或剧烈变化的部位。B″层上中部的宽广的分布边界形态及其变化,可能反映软流圈对周围地球物质的同化熔蚀作用;软流圈物质上涌为固体矿产提供物源,也对油气矿产形成起加速作用。岩石圈结构是壳幔物质相互作用的动态平衡结果,它包含软流圈层对上覆地球物质的影响,并对油气、固体矿产存在一种动力控制作用。
A model of basic structure of the tectosphere and uniform layer in the study area is preliminarily constructed by using 3D VP (km/s) values with a grid of 1°×1°to the 400 km depth in Northeast China and selecting two representative sections perpendicular to each other and a structure model spectrum to the depth of the transition layer in the study area is depicted by using eight VP value sections along different longitudes and latitudes. Through further integration of the data, a 3D lithospheric structure model is obtained. Layer B″in Northeast China likely consists of three parts, the low-velocity zone in the lower part, alternating medium-velocity and low-velocity zone in the middle-upper part and accelerated velocity zone in the upper part. The lower boundary of layer B″is a stable indicator for distinguishing between B″and B″′. The velocity value of the accelerated zone in layer B″is close to the velocity value in the lower part in layer B′. According to the conventional view, the place near the zone is the position of the basal interface of the lithosphere. From the shape of the top interface, it is inferred that there probably exist loci of discontinuous or abrupt changes in layer B″in Northeast China. The wide boundary form and its change in the upper and middle parts of layer B″may reflect the corrosion and assimilation of Earth's material in the surroundings by the asthenosphere. The upwelling of the asthenospheric material provides the source for solid mineral resources and also accelerates the formation of petroleum resources. The lithospheric structure is the result of dynamic balance reached by crust-mantle interaction, which involves the effect of the asthenosphere on the overlying Earth's material and has a dynamic controlling effect on petroleum and solid mineral resources.
A model of basic structure of the tectosphere and uniform layer in the study area is preliminarily constructed by using 3D VP (km/s) values with a grid of 1°×1°to the 400 km depth in Northeast China and selecting two representative sections perpendicular to each other and a structure model spectrum to the depth of the transition layer in the study area is depicted by using eight VP value sections along different longitudes and latitudes. Through further integration of the data, a 3D lithospheric structure model is obtained. Layer B″in Northeast China likely consists of three parts, the low-velocity zone in the lower part, alternating medium-velocity and low-velocity zone in the middle-upper part and accelerated velocity zone in the upper part. The lower boundary of layer B″is a stable indicator for distinguishing between B″and B″′. The velocity value of the accelerated zone in layer B″is close to the velocity value in the lower part in layer B′. According to the conventional view, the place near the zone is the position of the basal interface of the lithosphere. From the shape of the top interface, it is inferred that there probably exist loci of discontinuous or abrupt changes in layer B″in Northeast China. The wide boundary form and its change in the upper and middle parts of layer B″may reflect the corrosion and assimilation of Earth's material in the surroundings by the asthenosphere. The upwelling of the asthenospheric material provides the source for solid mineral resources and also accelerates the formation of petroleum resources. The lithospheric structure is the result of dynamic balance reached by crust-mantle interaction, which involves the effect of the asthenosphere on the overlying Earth's material and has a dynamic controlling effect on petroleum and solid mineral resources.
引文
张兴洲,杨宝俊,吴福元,等.中国东北地区三维岩石圈结构与演化.国土资源部专项计划项目(200010103)总结报告,2004.
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[18]王家林,吴健生,陈冰,等.盆地基底结构的综合地球物理研究[A].见:陈颙等主编.寸丹集-庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1998.438￣451.W ang Jialin,W u Jianshang,C hen Bing,etal.Integrated geophysics research ofthe basin basem entstructure[A].In:C hen R ong,etal(eds.).C un D an Ji-C ollected Academ ic Thesesfor C ongratulating Academ iciam Liu G uangding on the research W ork of50-years[C].Beijing:Science Press,1998.438￣451(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
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[1]杨宝俊.在地学断面域内用地震学方法研究大陆地壳——以中国满州里-绥芬河地学断面为例[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.72￣82.Y ang Baojun.Studing of C ontinental C rust U sing Seism ological M ethod in the Zone ofG eoscience Transect:M anzhouli-Suifenhe G eoscience Transect of C hina[M].Beijing:G eologicalPublishing H ouse,1999.72￣82(in C hinese).
[2]杨宝俊,穆石敏,金旭,等.中国满州里-绥芬河地学断面地球物理综合研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(6):772￣782.Y ang Baojun,M u Sim in,Jin X u,et al.Synthesized study on the geophysics of M anshouli-Suifenhe G eoscience Transect,C hina[J].C hinese J.G eophys.,1996,39(6):772￣782(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[3]杨宝俊,唐建人,李勤学,等.松辽盆地深部反射地震探查[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):11￣17.Y ang Baojun,T ang Jianren,Li Q enxue,et al.D eep seism ic reflection probing in Songliao basin[J].Progress in G eophysics,2001,16(4):11￣17(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[4]Yang Baojun,Liu Cai,H an Liguo,et al.A study of detachm ent faults of the upper crust in M anzhouli-Suifenhe G G T by the m ethod of verticalseism ic reflection[A].In:Liu G uangding(ed.).30th Int'l G eol.C ongr.,V ol.20,G eophysics[C].U trecht,The N etherlands:VSP,1997,51￣61.
[5]王璞珺,刘万洙,单玄龙,等.事件沉积:导论·实例·应用[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2001.40～50.W ang Pujun,Liu W anzhu,Shan X uanlong,et al.D epositionalEvents:Introduction·Exam ple·Application[M].Changchun:Jilin Science&Technology Press,2001.40￣50(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[6]任纪舜,陈廷愚,牛宝贵,等.中国东部及邻区大陆岩石圈的构造演化与成矿[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.96￣109.R en Jishun,C hen Tingyu,N iu Baogui,etal.Tectonic evolution of the C ontinentalLithosphere and M etallogeny in Eastern C hina and AdjacentA reas[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992.96￣109(in C hinese w ith English catalogue).
[7]W allace R E.The San Andreas fault system,C alifornia[M].W ashington:U nited StatesG overnm entPrintingO ffice,1990.70￣85.
[8]朱介寿,曹家敏,李显贵,等.中国及其邻区地球三维结构初始模型的建立[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(5):627～648.Zhu Jieshou,C ao Jiam in,Li X iangui,et al.The reconstruction of prelim inary three-dim ensionalEarth'sm odeland itsim plicationsin C hina and adjacent regions[J].C hinese J.G eophys.,1997,40(5):627￣648,PlatesⅠandⅡ(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[9]朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等.东亚及西太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5):646￣664.Zhu Jieshou,C ao Jiam in,C aiX uelin,etal.H igh resolution surface w aue tom ography in East Asia and W est Pacific m arginal seas[J].C hinese J.G eophys.,2002,45(5):646￣664,PlatesⅠandⅡ(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[10]曾融生.固体地球物理学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.126￣135.Zeng R ongsheng.Introduction ofSolid G eophysics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984,126￣135(in C hinese).
[11]Kaufm ann G eorg,W u Patrick.Lateral asthenospheric viscosity variationsand postglacialrebound:A case study forthe BarentsSea[J].G eophysicalR esearch Letters,1998,25(11):1963￣1966.
[12]PollitzFred F,Burgm ann R oland.V iscosity ofoceanicasthenosphere inferred from rem ote friggering ofearthguakes[J].Science,1998,280(5367):1245￣1249.
[13]Levin V,Park J,Brandon M T,et al.Thinning of the upper m antle during late Paleozoic Appalachian orogenesis[J].G eology,2000,28(3):229￣242.
[14]O reshin Serge,V innik Lev,Peregoudov D m itry,etal.Lithosphere and asthenosphere ofthe Tien Shan im aged by S receiverfunctions[J].G eophysicalR esearch Letters,2002,29(8):321￣324.
[15]Bokelm ann G otz H R,Silver Paul G.Shear stress at the base of shield lithosphere[J].G eophysicalR esearch Letters,2002,29(23):61￣64.
[16]W u Fuyuan,Sun D eyou,Li H uim in,et al.A-type granites in northeastern C hina:age and geochem ical constraints on their petrogenesis[J].C hem icalG eology,2002,187:143￣173.
[17]刘建明,谭俊人,储雪蕾,等.沉积盆地中的成油与成矿:盆地流体作用的两个方面[A].见:陈颙等主编.寸丹集——庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1998.419￣428.Liu Jianm ing,Tan Jun,C hu X uelei,et al.O il accum ulaition and ore-form ation in sedim entary basins:Tw insofbasin fluids[A].In:C hen R ong,etal(eds.).C un D an Ji-C ollected Academ ic Theses for C ongratulating Academ ician Liu G uangding on the R esearch W ork of50-years[C].Beijing:Science Press,1998,419￣428(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[18]王家林,吴健生,陈冰,等.盆地基底结构的综合地球物理研究[A].见:陈颙等主编.寸丹集-庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1998.438￣451.W ang Jialin,W u Jianshang,C hen Bing,etal.Integrated geophysics research ofthe basin basem entstructure[A].In:C hen R ong,etal(eds.).C un D an Ji-C ollected Academ ic Thesesfor C ongratulating Academ iciam Liu G uangding on the research W ork of50-years[C].Beijing:Science Press,1998.438￣451(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[19]何建坤,刘福田,刘建华,等.华北东部中新生代盆地构造特征与大陆动力学过程[A].见:陈颙等主编.寸丹集-庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1998.618￣631.H e Jiankun,Liu Futian,Liu Jianhua,et al.The M esozoic-C enozoic basin tectonics and its continentalgeodynam ic processes in the eastern dom ain ofnorth C hina[A].In:C hen R ong et al(eds.).C un D an Ji-C ollected Academ ic Theses for C ongra-tulating Academ iciam Liu G uangding on the R esearch W ork of50-years[C].Beijing:Science Press,1998.618￣632(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
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