沙漠区低降速带地震波的吸收补偿方法研究与应用
摘要
沙漠地区巨厚低降速层的存在,使地震资料的分辨率和信噪比大大降低,研究地震波在低降速层的传播特征,补偿地震波被吸收的能量,对油气勘探意义重大。根据沙漠区被调查点低降速带的厚度、地形地貌特点,设计野外采集观测系统进行品质因子野外调查,采用频谱比法计算品质因子,用粘弹性波动方程,把地表接收到的信号延拓到高速层的顶面,从而完成低降速带对地震资料吸收衰减的补偿工作。通过实际资料的应用,获得了比较好的效果。
Due to existence of very thick low velocity-reducing layer in desert area,the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is dramatically decreased.The study of propagation properties of seismic wave in low velocity-reducing horizons and the compensation of absorbed energy of seismic wave show significant importance for petroleum exploration.Based on the thickness of low velocity- reducing layer in investigation point of desert and the geomorphological features,field investigation of quality factor is carried out by using designed field acquisition and observation system,and quality factor is calculated by spectrum ratio method. Using viscoelastic wave equation,signal received on surface is continued to the top of high-speed layer,thus compensation of seismic wave absorption in low velocity-reducing layer is finished. Through practical application of seismic data,good results are gained.
Due to existence of very thick low velocity-reducing layer in desert area,the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is dramatically decreased.The study of propagation properties of seismic wave in low velocity-reducing horizons and the compensation of absorbed energy of seismic wave show significant importance for petroleum exploration.Based on the thickness of low velocity- reducing layer in investigation point of desert and the geomorphological features,field investigation of quality factor is carried out by using designed field acquisition and observation system,and quality factor is calculated by spectrum ratio method. Using viscoelastic wave equation,signal received on surface is continued to the top of high-speed layer,thus compensation of seismic wave absorption in low velocity-reducing layer is finished. Through practical application of seismic data,good results are gained.
引文
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[3]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):1～8
[4]Yih Jeng,Jing-Yih Tsaiz,Song-Hong Chen.An improved method of determining near-surface Q[J].Geophysics,1999,64:1608～617
[5]周光全,刘孝敏.粘弹性理论[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1986
[6]刘学伟,邰圣宏.用面波反演风化层Q值[J].石油物探,1996,35(2):89～95
[7]梁光河,刘清林,何樵登.用非线形参数拟合法反演Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(2):230～234
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