4·20芦山地震次生山地灾害与减灾对策
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摘要
4.20芦山地震不仅造成了特大地震灾害,同时还诱发大量的次生山地灾害,主要类型包括崩塌、滑坡、滚石、落石、堰塞湖和泥石流等。这些次生灾害不仅造成重大人员伤亡,还阻塞救援道路,延缓了救援进度。地震诱发的大量崩塌、滑坡为泥石流活动提供丰富物源,将促进泥石流活跃,在后期暴雨作用下产生严重的泥石流灾害。通过初步分析,提出了地震区山地灾害应急减灾对策,包括应急排查、监测预警、临时安置场所危险性评估、省道210线应急防护;并提出了地震区恢复重建中的减灾对策,包括提高山区城镇的防护能力,加强村寨聚落防灾能力,加强山地灾害监测预警,道路恢复重建中的减灾措施以及加强对流域漂木防治。
Extraordinary earthquake disasters were caused by the 4·20 Lushan Earthquake,and meanwhile a great number of secondary mountain disasters whose main types include collapse,landslide,rolling stone,rockfalls,dammed lakes,debris flow,etc.had been induced by the earthquake.Not merely did these secondary disasters result in heavy casualties but also blocked road for rescue service,which retarded the relieving progress.Large quantities of collapses and landslides induced by the earthquake supplied debris flow with abundant material sources which is a big stimulus for yielding catastrophic debris flow hazards under heavy rain in the later days.Through preliminary analysis,the strategies for hazard mitigation were given,which included emergency investigation,monitoring and warning,risk assessment of temporary shelters,and protection countermeasure of provincial 210 line;strategies for hazard mitigation in the restoration and reconstruction after disasters were also proposed,which involved improving self-protection ability of the towns in mountains,reinforcing self-protection ability of village settlements,reinforcing monitoring and warning system in mountain hazards,the disasters mitigation in road rebuilt and reinforcing prevention of float timber disaster in watershed.
Extraordinary earthquake disasters were caused by the 4·20 Lushan Earthquake,and meanwhile a great number of secondary mountain disasters whose main types include collapse,landslide,rolling stone,rockfalls,dammed lakes,debris flow,etc.had been induced by the earthquake.Not merely did these secondary disasters result in heavy casualties but also blocked road for rescue service,which retarded the relieving progress.Large quantities of collapses and landslides induced by the earthquake supplied debris flow with abundant material sources which is a big stimulus for yielding catastrophic debris flow hazards under heavy rain in the later days.Through preliminary analysis,the strategies for hazard mitigation were given,which included emergency investigation,monitoring and warning,risk assessment of temporary shelters,and protection countermeasure of provincial 210 line;strategies for hazard mitigation in the restoration and reconstruction after disasters were also proposed,which involved improving self-protection ability of the towns in mountains,reinforcing self-protection ability of village settlements,reinforcing monitoring and warning system in mountain hazards,the disasters mitigation in road rebuilt and reinforcing prevention of float timber disaster in watershed.
引文
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[2]国家地震局.http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/468/553/100342/100346/20130427203449786857283/index.html.2013-04-27.
[3]国家地震局.http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/478/20130425153642550719811/index.htm.2013-04-25.
[4]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质评论,2008,54(1):37-46.
[5]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1073-1080.
[6]刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰,等.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):205-214.
[7]唐荣昌,黄祖智,马声浩,等.四川活动断裂带的基本特征[J].地震地质,1995,17(4):390-396.
[8]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.http:∥www.imde.ac.cn/xwzx/ttxw/201304/t20130427_3828470.html.2013-04-27.
[9]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5.12汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244-249.
[10]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.
[11]何思明,李新坡.高切坡半隧道超前支护结构研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3827-3832.
[12]何思明,吴永.新型耗能减震滚石棚洞作用机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):926-932.
[13]王东坡,何思明,李新坡,等.冲击荷载下EPS垫层棚洞耗能减震作用研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2012,44(6):102-107.
[14]崔鹏,陈晓清,游勇,等.一种主河输移控制性泥石流防治方法:中国,ZL201010617466.8[P].2012-01-04.
[15]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.一种复式泥石流排导槽:中国,ZL201010528193.X[P].2011-12-14.
[16]陈晓清,游勇,崔鹏,等.自动分配排导量和停淤量的泥石流分流坝及其设计方法:中国,201310123288.7[P].2013-04-11申请.
[17]游勇,柳金峰,欧国强,等.黏性泥石流三角形底排导槽水力最佳断面设计方法及应用:中国,ZL200810044388.X[P].2010-08-18.
[18]陈晓清,李德基,游勇.基于泥石流软基消能的横向齿槛基础埋深设计方法及应用:中国,ZL200910058066.5[P].2010-08-18.
[19]左三胜,聂德新.邓池沟泥石流某些特征值研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(4):29-31.
[20]陈晓清,崔鹏,韦方强.良好植被区泥石流防治初探[J].山地学报,2006,24(3):333-339.
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