F检测算法及其在识别地震地表反射波震相中的初步应用
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摘要
地震P波波列中地表反射波pP或sP震相的准确识别,对地震震源深度的精确测定具有重要作用.基于新疆和田地震台阵部分地震记录数据,利用F检测算法对震中距分别为22.1°,6.44°和39.62°的3次地震事件进行了地表反射波pP或sP震相检测.结果表明,应用F检测分析新疆和田小孔径地震台阵数据,可以帮助分析人员识别地震的地表反射波pP或sP震相.为进一步验证F检测算法对识别地表反射波震相的有效性,本文对震中距为22.1°的地震事件波形叠加不同水平噪声后,再进行F检测,结果仍能检测出其地表反射波震相.
Accurate identification of reflected wave phase pP or sP is of great importance in precise determination of focal depth.Using seismic wave data recorded by Hotan,Xinjiang,seismic array,we apply F-detection algorithm to identify pP or sP phase on P-wave seismograms of 3 earthquakes,of which the epicentral distances are 22.1°,6.44° and 39.62°,respectively.The study result indicates that the F-detection algorithm is helpful in relatively accurate identification of pP or sP phase.To verify the validity of F-detection algorithm,we use it to analyze the wave data of central distance 22.1° event with additional different level noises.The result indicates that pP or sP phase can still be identified.
Accurate identification of reflected wave phase pP or sP is of great importance in precise determination of focal depth.Using seismic wave data recorded by Hotan,Xinjiang,seismic array,we apply F-detection algorithm to identify pP or sP phase on P-wave seismograms of 3 earthquakes,of which the epicentral distances are 22.1°,6.44° and 39.62°,respectively.The study result indicates that the F-detection algorithm is helpful in relatively accurate identification of pP or sP phase.To verify the validity of F-detection algorithm,we use it to analyze the wave data of central distance 22.1° event with additional different level noises.The result indicates that pP or sP phase can still be identified.
引文
陈魁.2000.应用概率统计[M].北京:清华大学出版社:22-164.
房明山,杜安陆,董孝平,张雁如.1995.用sPn震相测定近震源深度[J].地震地磁观测与研究,16(5):13-18.
高原,周蕙兰,郑斯华,马林,车时,刘卫红.1997.测定震源深度的意义的初步讨论[J].中国地震,13(4):321-329.
洪星,叶雯燕,邵平荣,许江英.2006.台湾海峡南部一次5.0级地震的sPn震相分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,27(1):26-31.
刘希强,周蕙兰,李红.2000a.基于小波包变换的地震数据时频分析方法[J].西北地震学报,22(2):143-146.
刘希强,周蕙兰,沈萍,杨选辉,马延路,李红.2000b.用于三分向记录震相识别的小波变换方法[J].地震学报,22(2):125-131.
刘希强,周蕙兰,曹文海,李红,李永红,季爱东.2002.高斯线调频小波变换极其在地震震相识别中的应用[J].地震学报,24(6):607-616.
刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩,石玉燕,李铂.2009.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别[J].地震学报,31(3):260-271.
刘希强,周蕙兰,郑治真,沈萍,杨选辉,马延路.1998.基于小波包变换的弱震相识别方法[J].地震学报,20(4):373-380.
罗艳,倪四道,曾祥方,郑勇,陈棋福,陈颙.2010.汶川地震余震区东北端一个余震序列的地震学研究[J].中国科学:D辑,40(6):677-687.
任克新,邹立晔,刘瑞丰,刘敬光.2004.用sPn计算内蒙地震的震源深度[J].地震地磁观测与研究,25(3):24-31.
王继.2006.流动地震台阵观测初至震相的自动检测[J].地震学报,28(1):42-51.
徐果明,周蕙兰.1982.地震学原理[M].北京:科学出版社:141-162.
张范民,李清河,张元生,盛国英,范兵.1998.利用人工神经网络理论对地震信号及地震震相进行识别[J].西北地震学报,20(4):43-49.
张国民,汪素云,李丽,张晓东,马宏生.2002.中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造含义[J].科学通报,47(9):663-668.
张瑞青,吴庆举,李永华,丁志峰,曾融生.2008.汶川中强余震震源深度的确定及其意义[J].中国科学:D辑,38(10):1234-1241.
赵荣国.1999.震相分析是地震科学的心脏[J].地震地磁观测与研究,20(5):121-126.
Bormann P(著).2002.中国地震局监测预报司(译).2006.新地震观测实践手册[M].北京:地震出版社:748-757.
Shearer P M(著).1999.陈章立(译).2008.地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社:29-39.
Allan R.1978.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing form single traces[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,68(5):1521-1532.
Allan R.1982.Automatic phase pickers:Their present use and future prospects[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(6B):225-242.
Anant K S,Dowla F U.1997.Wavelet transform methods for phase identificationin three-component seismograms[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87(6):1598-1612.
Blandford R R.1974.An automatic event detector at the Tonto Forest seismic observatory[J].Geophysics,39(5):633-643.
Bowers D.2000.Using the F-detector to help interpret P-seismograms recorded by seismometer arrays[C]∥Proc22ndSeismic Res Symp.New Orleans,USA:10.
Chen W P,Nabelek J L,Fitch T J,Molnar P.1981.An intermediate depth earthquake beneath Tibet:source character-istics of the event of September14,1976[J].J Geophys Res,86(B4):2863-2876.
Engdahl E R,Van Der Hilst R,Buland R.1998.Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel time andprocedure for depth determination[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,88(3):722-743.
Fisher R A.1948.Statistical Methods for Research Workers[M].Oliver and Boyd,Edinburgh:1-354.
Heyburn R,Bowers D.2008.Earthquake depth estimation using the Ftrace and associated probability[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,98(1):18-35.
Jin W,Teng T L.1995.Artificial neural network-based seismic detector[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(1):308-319.
Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.1991.Travel time for global earthquake location and phase identification[J].Geophys JInt,105(2):429-465.
Ma S,Atkinson G M.2006.Focal depths for small to moderate earthquakes(mN≥2.8)in western Quebec,southernOntario,and northern New York[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(2):609-623.
Melton B S,Bailey L F.1957.Multiple signal correlators[J].Geophysics,22(3):565-588.
Murphy J R,Barker B W.2006.Improved focal-depth determination through automated identification of the seismicdepth phases pP and sP[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(4A):1213-1229.
Neidell N,Taner M T.1971.Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data[J].Geophysics,36(3):482-497.
Saikia C K,Woods B B,Thio H K.2001.Calibration of the regional crustal waveguide and the retrieval of source param-eters using waveform modeling[J].Pure Appl Geophys,158(7):1301-1338.
Selby Neil D.2008.Application of a generalized Fdetector at a seismometer array[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(5):2469-2481.
Sleeman R,Torild V E.1999.Robust automatic P-phase picking:An online implementation in the analysis of broad-band seismogram recording[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,113(1-4):265-275.
Stroujkova A.2009.Constraining event depths and crustal velocities using regional depth phases[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,99(1):215-225,
Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.1991.Geophsical implications form relocations of Tibetan earthquake:Hot lithosphere[J].Geophys Res Lett,18(12):2205-2208.
房明山,杜安陆,董孝平,张雁如.1995.用sPn震相测定近震源深度[J].地震地磁观测与研究,16(5):13-18.
高原,周蕙兰,郑斯华,马林,车时,刘卫红.1997.测定震源深度的意义的初步讨论[J].中国地震,13(4):321-329.
洪星,叶雯燕,邵平荣,许江英.2006.台湾海峡南部一次5.0级地震的sPn震相分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,27(1):26-31.
刘希强,周蕙兰,李红.2000a.基于小波包变换的地震数据时频分析方法[J].西北地震学报,22(2):143-146.
刘希强,周蕙兰,沈萍,杨选辉,马延路,李红.2000b.用于三分向记录震相识别的小波变换方法[J].地震学报,22(2):125-131.
刘希强,周蕙兰,曹文海,李红,李永红,季爱东.2002.高斯线调频小波变换极其在地震震相识别中的应用[J].地震学报,24(6):607-616.
刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩,石玉燕,李铂.2009.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别[J].地震学报,31(3):260-271.
刘希强,周蕙兰,郑治真,沈萍,杨选辉,马延路.1998.基于小波包变换的弱震相识别方法[J].地震学报,20(4):373-380.
罗艳,倪四道,曾祥方,郑勇,陈棋福,陈颙.2010.汶川地震余震区东北端一个余震序列的地震学研究[J].中国科学:D辑,40(6):677-687.
任克新,邹立晔,刘瑞丰,刘敬光.2004.用sPn计算内蒙地震的震源深度[J].地震地磁观测与研究,25(3):24-31.
王继.2006.流动地震台阵观测初至震相的自动检测[J].地震学报,28(1):42-51.
徐果明,周蕙兰.1982.地震学原理[M].北京:科学出版社:141-162.
张范民,李清河,张元生,盛国英,范兵.1998.利用人工神经网络理论对地震信号及地震震相进行识别[J].西北地震学报,20(4):43-49.
张国民,汪素云,李丽,张晓东,马宏生.2002.中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造含义[J].科学通报,47(9):663-668.
张瑞青,吴庆举,李永华,丁志峰,曾融生.2008.汶川中强余震震源深度的确定及其意义[J].中国科学:D辑,38(10):1234-1241.
赵荣国.1999.震相分析是地震科学的心脏[J].地震地磁观测与研究,20(5):121-126.
Bormann P(著).2002.中国地震局监测预报司(译).2006.新地震观测实践手册[M].北京:地震出版社:748-757.
Shearer P M(著).1999.陈章立(译).2008.地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社:29-39.
Allan R.1978.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing form single traces[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,68(5):1521-1532.
Allan R.1982.Automatic phase pickers:Their present use and future prospects[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(6B):225-242.
Anant K S,Dowla F U.1997.Wavelet transform methods for phase identificationin three-component seismograms[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87(6):1598-1612.
Blandford R R.1974.An automatic event detector at the Tonto Forest seismic observatory[J].Geophysics,39(5):633-643.
Bowers D.2000.Using the F-detector to help interpret P-seismograms recorded by seismometer arrays[C]∥Proc22ndSeismic Res Symp.New Orleans,USA:10.
Chen W P,Nabelek J L,Fitch T J,Molnar P.1981.An intermediate depth earthquake beneath Tibet:source character-istics of the event of September14,1976[J].J Geophys Res,86(B4):2863-2876.
Engdahl E R,Van Der Hilst R,Buland R.1998.Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel time andprocedure for depth determination[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,88(3):722-743.
Fisher R A.1948.Statistical Methods for Research Workers[M].Oliver and Boyd,Edinburgh:1-354.
Heyburn R,Bowers D.2008.Earthquake depth estimation using the Ftrace and associated probability[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,98(1):18-35.
Jin W,Teng T L.1995.Artificial neural network-based seismic detector[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(1):308-319.
Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.1991.Travel time for global earthquake location and phase identification[J].Geophys JInt,105(2):429-465.
Ma S,Atkinson G M.2006.Focal depths for small to moderate earthquakes(mN≥2.8)in western Quebec,southernOntario,and northern New York[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(2):609-623.
Melton B S,Bailey L F.1957.Multiple signal correlators[J].Geophysics,22(3):565-588.
Murphy J R,Barker B W.2006.Improved focal-depth determination through automated identification of the seismicdepth phases pP and sP[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(4A):1213-1229.
Neidell N,Taner M T.1971.Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data[J].Geophysics,36(3):482-497.
Saikia C K,Woods B B,Thio H K.2001.Calibration of the regional crustal waveguide and the retrieval of source param-eters using waveform modeling[J].Pure Appl Geophys,158(7):1301-1338.
Selby Neil D.2008.Application of a generalized Fdetector at a seismometer array[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(5):2469-2481.
Sleeman R,Torild V E.1999.Robust automatic P-phase picking:An online implementation in the analysis of broad-band seismogram recording[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,113(1-4):265-275.
Stroujkova A.2009.Constraining event depths and crustal velocities using regional depth phases[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,99(1):215-225,
Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.1991.Geophsical implications form relocations of Tibetan earthquake:Hot lithosphere[J].Geophys Res Lett,18(12):2205-2208.
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