雷达干涉测量在地震形变研究中的应用
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摘要
合成孔径雷达干涉测量(DInSAR)以厘米乃至毫米的精度和很大的空间覆盖范围实现地表形变观测,它是进行地壳形变观测的重要手段,在地震形变研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文首先简要给出了微波雷达测量的特征,阐述了雷达图像数据处理的基本方法,分析了InSAR技术的主要影响因素和观测精度。结合较新的研究成果,分析了雷达遥感图像研究地震形变的方法,讨论了DInSAR在震间、同震和震后形变观测研究中的最新进展。同时讨论了目前我国应用DInSAR研究地震形变中面临的主要问题,最后阐述了应用雷达干涉测量研究地震形变的发展趋势。
Differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry(DInSAR) can realize earth surface deformation observation with precision of cm order and large spatial coverage.It has become an important tool for measuring crust deformation,and has been playing an increasingly prominent role in measuring earthquake deformation.In this paper,we present a summary of the features of microwave surveying,explain basic radar image processing method and analyze the main factors influencing the precision of InSAR technique.In view of the most recent rsults,we analyzed several approaches of earthquake deformation studies using radar remote-sensing images,and discussed advances in interseismic,coseismic and post-seismic deformation observation and research.We also discussed main difficulties in applying DInSAR to earthquake deformation research in China.
Differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry(DInSAR) can realize earth surface deformation observation with precision of cm order and large spatial coverage.It has become an important tool for measuring crust deformation,and has been playing an increasingly prominent role in measuring earthquake deformation.In this paper,we present a summary of the features of microwave surveying,explain basic radar image processing method and analyze the main factors influencing the precision of InSAR technique.In view of the most recent rsults,we analyzed several approaches of earthquake deformation studies using radar remote-sensing images,and discussed advances in interseismic,coseismic and post-seismic deformation observation and research.We also discussed main difficulties in applying DInSAR to earthquake deformation research in China.
引文
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[24]Satoshi F,Takuya N,Makoto M,et al.2.5-D surface deformation of M6.1earthquake near MtIwate detected by SAR interferometry[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(14):2 049-2 052.
[25]Tobita M,Nishimura T,Kobayashi T,et al.Estimation of coseismic deformation and a fault modelof the 2010Yushu earthquake using PALSAR interferometry data[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2011,307(3-4),430-438,doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.017.
[26]Stramondo S,Kyriakopoulos C,Bignami C,et al.Did the September 2010(Darfield)earthquaketrigger the February 2011(Christchurch)event?[J].Science,2011,1(98),doi:10.1038/srep00098.
[27]Sigurjon J,Howard Z,Paul S,et al.Fault Slip Distribution of the 1999 MW7.1Hector Mine,Cali-fornia,Earthquake,Estimated from Satellite Radar and GPS Measurements[J].Bulletin of the Seis-mological Society of America,2002,92(4):1 377-1 389.
[28]Ryder I,Parsons B,Wright T J,et al.Post-seismic motion following the 1997Manyi(Tibet)earth-quake:InSAR observations and modelling[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,169(3):1 009-1 027.
[29]Wei M,Sandwell D,Smith-Konter B.Optimal combination of InSAR and GPS for measuring inter-seismic crustal deformation[J].Advances in Space Research,2010,46(2):236-249,doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.03.013.
[2]Goldstein R M,Werner C L.Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical application[J].Geophysi-cal Research Letters,1998,25(21):4 035-4 038.
[3]Costantini M.A novel phase unwrapping method based on network programming[J].pdf>.IEEETransactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1998,36(3):813-821.
[4]Rosen P A,Hensley S,Joughin I R,et al.Synthetic aperture radar interferometry[J].PROCEED-INGS OF THE IEEE,2000,88(3):331-382.
[5]Chen C W,Zebker H A.Network approcach to 2Dphase unwrapping:intractability and two new al-gorithms[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,2000,17(3):401-414.
[6]Chen C W,Zebker H A.Two-dimensional phase unwrapping with use of statistical model for costfunctions in nonlinear optimization[J].J Opt Soc Am,2001,18(2):338-351.
[7]Bürgmann R,Rosen P A,Fielding E J.Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry to Measure Earth's surface topography and its deformation[J].Annu Rev Earth Planet,Sci,2000,28:169-209.
[8]Hooper A.A multi-temporal InSAR method incorporating both persistent scatterer and small base-line approaches[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(16),doi:10.1029/2008gl034654.
[9]Hooper A,Segall P,Zebker H.Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar forcrustal deformation analysis,with application to Volcán Alcedo,Galápagos[J].Journal of Geophys-ical Research,2007,112(B7),doi:10.1029/2006jb004763.
[10]Michel R,Jean-PhilippeA vouac.Measuring ground displacements from SAR amplitude images:ap-plication to the Landers earthquake[J].GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,1999,26(7):875-878.
[11]Pathier E,Fielding E J,Wright T J,et al.Displacement field and slip distribution of the 2005Kash-mir earthquake from SAR imagery[J],Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(20),doi:10.1029/2006g1027193.
[12]González P J,Fernández J.Error estimation in multitemporal InSAR deformation time series,withapplication to Lanzarote,Canary Islands[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(B10):561-570.
[13]Zebker H A,Rosen P A,Hensley S.Atmospheric effects in interferometric synthetic aperture radarsurface deformation and topographic maps[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B4):7 547-7 563.
[14]Scharroo R,Visser P.Precise orbit determination and gravity field improvement for the ERS statel-lites[J].pdf>.Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(C4):8 113-8 127.
[15]Biggs J,Wright T,Lu Z,et al.Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deforma-tion:Denali Fault,Alaska[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1 165-1 179.
[16]González P J,Tiampo K F,Camacho A G,et al.Shallow flank deformation at Cumbre Vieja volcano(Canary Islands):Implications on the stability of steep-sided volcano flanks at oceanic islands[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,297(3-4):545-557.
[17]Wright T J,Parsons B,England P C,et al.InSAR Observations of low slip rates onthe major faultsof Western Tibet[J].Science,2004,305:236-239.
[18]Elliott J R,Biggs J,Parsons B,et al.InSAR slip rate determination on the Altyn Tagh Fault,northern Tibet,in the presence of topographically correlated atmospheric delays[J].Geophysical Re-search Letters,2008,35(12):971-989.
[19]CavaliéO,Lasserre C,Doin M P,et al.Measurement of interseismic strain across the Haiyuan fault(Gansu,China),by InSAR[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,275(3-4):246-257.
[20]Bell M A,Elliott J R,Parsons B E.Interseismic strain accumulation across the Manyi fault(Tibet)prior to the 1997 MW7.6earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(24):315-331.
[21]Wang H,Wright T J,Biggs J.Interseismic slip rate of the northwestern Xianshuihe fault from In-SAR data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36(3),doi:10.1029/2008g1036560.
[22]Liu Y,Xu C,Li Z,et al.Interseismic slip rate of the Garze-Yushu fault belt in the Tibetan Plateaufrom C-band InSAR observations between 2003and 2010[J].Advances in Space Research,2011,48(12):2 005-2 015.
[23]Li Z H,Elliott J R,Feng W P,et al.The 2010 MW6.8Yushu(Qinghai,China)earthquake:Con-straints provided by InSAR and body wave seismology[J].J Geophys Res-Sol Ea,2011,116,doi:10.1029/2011JB008358.
[24]Satoshi F,Takuya N,Makoto M,et al.2.5-D surface deformation of M6.1earthquake near MtIwate detected by SAR interferometry[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(14):2 049-2 052.
[25]Tobita M,Nishimura T,Kobayashi T,et al.Estimation of coseismic deformation and a fault modelof the 2010Yushu earthquake using PALSAR interferometry data[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2011,307(3-4),430-438,doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.017.
[26]Stramondo S,Kyriakopoulos C,Bignami C,et al.Did the September 2010(Darfield)earthquaketrigger the February 2011(Christchurch)event?[J].Science,2011,1(98),doi:10.1038/srep00098.
[27]Sigurjon J,Howard Z,Paul S,et al.Fault Slip Distribution of the 1999 MW7.1Hector Mine,Cali-fornia,Earthquake,Estimated from Satellite Radar and GPS Measurements[J].Bulletin of the Seis-mological Society of America,2002,92(4):1 377-1 389.
[28]Ryder I,Parsons B,Wright T J,et al.Post-seismic motion following the 1997Manyi(Tibet)earth-quake:InSAR observations and modelling[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,169(3):1 009-1 027.
[29]Wei M,Sandwell D,Smith-Konter B.Optimal combination of InSAR and GPS for measuring inter-seismic crustal deformation[J].Advances in Space Research,2010,46(2):236-249,doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.03.013.
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