日本M9.0级巨震对山东地区地壳活动的影响研究
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摘要
以山东地壳运动GPS观测网为基础,结合周边IGS提供的全球GPS观测资料,计算了2011年3月11日发生的日本9.0级巨震对山东所处地块产生的影响,并给出了该地区站点的真实运动轨迹和运动方式.结果显示:山东各GPS基准站受地震波影响产生的震时最大振幅超过0.2m,持续时间约160s;同震位移方向为东东南向,位移量最大超过10mm.日本9.0级地震对山东所在地块的影响主要是在水平方向,对垂直方向影响不大,它对山东主要断裂带-沂沭断裂带起到了拉张的作用,且N段幅度明显大于S段.根据地震前后站点时间序列的发展趋势来看,近期山东所处地块处于向西回调运动状态,推测震后3～5个月左右将恢复到震前的轨迹,为本地区的震情判定提供了可靠依据.
Based on the Shandong Crustal Movement GPS Observation Network,combined with the global GPS data provided by IGS,we calculated the effects of Japan M9.0 huge earthquake on the Shandong area and provide the real motion track of stations.The result shows that: the maximum amplitude is more than 0.2 m at the GPS stations in Shandong during the earthquake,the wave movement lasted about 160s.The direction of co-seismic displacement is nearly south-easterly,and the maximum displacement is more than 10 mm.The effect of this earthquake on the Shandong area is mainly in horizontal direction,and it has a tensional effect on the Yishu Fault zone,and the tension amplitude of Northern part of the fault is obviously larger than Southern part.From the recent movement trend of GPS station,we can see that the blocks of Shandong area are moving back to west,so we speculate that the movement pattern will return to the former in about 3~5 month after the Earthquake,this work can provide a reliable basis for earthquake monitoring in this area.
Based on the Shandong Crustal Movement GPS Observation Network,combined with the global GPS data provided by IGS,we calculated the effects of Japan M9.0 huge earthquake on the Shandong area and provide the real motion track of stations.The result shows that: the maximum amplitude is more than 0.2 m at the GPS stations in Shandong during the earthquake,the wave movement lasted about 160s.The direction of co-seismic displacement is nearly south-easterly,and the maximum displacement is more than 10 mm.The effect of this earthquake on the Shandong area is mainly in horizontal direction,and it has a tensional effect on the Yishu Fault zone,and the tension amplitude of Northern part of the fault is obviously larger than Southern part.From the recent movement trend of GPS station,we can see that the blocks of Shandong area are moving back to west,so we speculate that the movement pattern will return to the former in about 3~5 month after the Earthquake,this work can provide a reliable basis for earthquake monitoring in this area.
引文
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[15]Lyard F,Lefevre F,Letellier T,et al.Modelling the globalocean tides:modern insights from FES2004.OceanDynamics,2006,56(5-6):394-415.
[16]Boehm J,Niell A,Tregoning P,et al.Global MappingFunction(GMF):A new empirical mapping function based onnumerical weather model data.Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(7):L07304,doi:10.1029/2005GL025546.
[17]Herring T A.GLOBK:Global Kalman filter VLBI and GPSanalysis program(Ver.10.0).Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology,2002.
[18]http://geoweb.mit.edu/～tah/track_example.
[19]殷海涛,甘卫军,肖根如等.利用高频GPS技术进行强震地面运动监测的研究进展.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2012-2019.Yin H T,Gan W J,Xiao G R,et al.Progress on monitoringstrong earthquake ground motions using high-rate GPS.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(6):2012-2019.
[20]Wubbena G.Software developments for geodetic positioningwith GPS using TI-4100code and carrier measurements.//Goad C C.Proceedings of the First International Symposiumon Precise Positioning with the Global Positioning Sysetm,Maryland,1985:15-19.
[21]Melbourne G.The case for ranging in GPS based geodeticsystems.//Clyde G.Proceedings of the First InternationalSymposium on Precise Positioning with the Global PositioningSysetm,Maryland,1985:373-386.
[22]殷海涛,甘卫军,肖根如.恒星日滤波的修正以及对高频GPS定位的影响研究.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(5):609-611.Yin H T,Gan W J,Xiao G R.Modified sidereal filter and it′seffect on high-rate GPS positioning.Geomatics and InformationScience of Wuhan University(in Chinese),2011,36(5):609-611.
[23]殷海涛,甘卫军,熊永良等.PCA空间滤波在高频GPS定位中的应用研究.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(7):825-829.Yin H T,Gan W J,Xiong Y L,et al.Study on the effect ofPCA Spatial Filtering on high-rate GPS positioning.Geomaticsand Information Science of Wuhan University(in Chinese),2011,36(7):825-829.
[24]Vigny C,Socquet A,Peyrat S,et al.The 2010 Mw8.8Maule Megathrust Earthquake of Central Chile,Monitoredby GPS.Science,2011,332(6036):1417-1421,DOI:10.1126/science.1204132.
[25]Larson K M,Bodin P,Gomberg J.Using 1-Hz GPS data tomeasure deformations caused by the Denali Fault Earthquake.Science,2003,300(5624):1421-1424.
[26]Bock Y,Prawirodirdjo L,Melboume T.Detection ofarbitrarily large dynamic ground motions with a dense high-rate GPS network.Geophy Res.Lett.,2004,31(6),L06604,doi:10.1029/2003GL01950.
[27]Miyazaki S,Laeson K,Choi K,et al.Modeling the ruptureprocess of the 2003Septembter 25Tokachi-Oki(Hokkaido)earthquake using 1 Hz GPS data.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(21),L21603,DOI:10.1029/2004GL021457.
[28]Ji C,Larson M,Tan Y,et al.Slip history of the 2003SanSimon earthquake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS,strong motion,and teleseismic data.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(17),L17068,doi:10.1029/2004GL020448.
[29]Wang G,Boore D M,Tang G,et al.Comparisons of Groundmotions from collocated and closely spaced one-sample-per-second Global Position System and accelerograph recordingsof the 2003 M6.5San Simeon,California earthquake in theParkfield region.Bull Seismol.Soc.Am.,2007,97(1B):76-90.
[30]Ohta Y,Meiano I,Sagiya T,et al.Large surface wave ofthe 2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake captured by the verylong baseline kinematic analysis of 1-Hz GPS data.EarthPlanets Space,2006,58(2):153-157.
[31]Langbein J,Bock Y.High-rate real-time GPS network atParkfield:Utility for detecting fault slip and seismicdisplacements.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(12),L15S20,doi:10.1029/2003GL019408.
[32]殷海涛,李杰,董晓娜等.汶川地震前后山东及周边地区地壳运动特征分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(3):23-27.Yin H T,Li J,Dong X N,et al.On characteristics of crustalmovement of Shandong and Surrounding areas before andafter Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2009,29(3):23-27.
[33]王敏,沈正康,董大南.非构造形变对GPS连续站位置时间序列的影响和修正.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1045-1052.Wang M,Shen Z K,Dong D N.Effects of non-tectoniccrustal deformation on continuous GPS position time seriesand correction to them.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1045-1052.
[2]茂木清夫.巨大地震论.数理科学,1976,158:16-23.Mogi K.Huge earthquake theory.Mathematical Sciences(inChinese),1976,158:16-23.
[3]张国民.关于我国大陆地区地震大形势的研究.北京:地震出版社,1989.Zhang G M.Study on Seismicity Character of ChineseMainland(in Chinese).Beijing:The Earthquake Press,1989.
[4]李延兴,张静华,何建坤等.由空间大地测量得到的太平洋板块现今构造运动与板内形变应变场.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):437-447.Li Y X,Zhang J H,He J K,et al.Current-day tectonicmotion and intraplate deformation-strain field obtained fromspace geodesy in the Pacific Plate.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2007,50(2):437-447.
[5]李延兴,张静华,李智等.太平洋板块俯冲对中国大陆的影响.测绘学报,2006,35(2):99-105.Li Y X,Zhang J H,Li Z,et al.The underthrust of Pacificplate to Eurasian plate and its effect on Chinese mainland.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,35(20):99-105.
[6]金双根朱文耀.太平洋板块运动和形变及其边缘现今相对运动.大地测量学与测量工程,2002,22(2):57-60.Jin S G,Zhu W Y.The motion and deformation of pacificplate and contemporary relative motion at its boundaries.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2002,22(2):57-60.
[7]马宏生,张国民,刘杰等.中国大陆及其邻区强震活动与活动地块关系研究.地学前缘,2003,10(Z1):74-80.Ma H S,Zhang G M,Liu J,et al.Correlation betweenstrong earthquake activity and active crustal-block in Chinamainland and its adjacent regions.Earth Sci.Frontiers(inChinese),2003,8(10):74-80.
[8]郑建常,蒋海坤.鲁东—黄海地块与日本南部地震活动相关性分析及因果关系检验.地震学报,2007,29(4):358-368.Zheng J C,Jiang H K.Correlation analysis and causality testbetween Ludong-Huanghai Block and South Japan.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2007,29(4):358-368.
[9]张立敏,唐晓明.西太平洋板块俯冲运动与中国东北深震带.地球物理学报,1983,26(4):331-340.Zhang L M,Tang X M.The underthrusting movement of thewestern Pacific plate and the deep focus earthquake zone ofNortheast China.Acta Geophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1983,26(4):331-340.
[10]王志才,贾荣光,孙昭民等.沂沭断裂带安丘—莒县断裂安丘—朱里段几何结构与活动特征.地震地质,2005,27(2):212-220.Wang Z C,Jia R G,Sun Z M,et al.Geometry and activityof the Anqiu-Zhuli segment of the Anqiu-Juxian Fault in theYishu Fault zone.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2005,27(2):212-220.
[11]殷海涛,李杰,张玲等.基于GPS观测网的山东地区地壳运动特征分析.西北地震学报,2008,30(3):276-281.Yin H T,Li J,Zhang L,et al.Analysis of crustal movementfeatures in Shandong area based on the data of GPSobservation network.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),2008,30(3):276-281.
[12]Gendt G.[IGSMAIL5438]:IGS switch to absolute antennamodel and ITRF2005.
[13]McCarthy D,Petit G.IERS Conventions(2003).Frankfurt,Germany:IERS Technical Note 32.2004,.
[14]Watson C,Tregoning P,Coleman R.Impact of solid Earthtide models on GPS coordinate and tropospheric time series.Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(8),L08306,doi:10.1029/2005GL025538.
[15]Lyard F,Lefevre F,Letellier T,et al.Modelling the globalocean tides:modern insights from FES2004.OceanDynamics,2006,56(5-6):394-415.
[16]Boehm J,Niell A,Tregoning P,et al.Global MappingFunction(GMF):A new empirical mapping function based onnumerical weather model data.Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(7):L07304,doi:10.1029/2005GL025546.
[17]Herring T A.GLOBK:Global Kalman filter VLBI and GPSanalysis program(Ver.10.0).Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology,2002.
[18]http://geoweb.mit.edu/～tah/track_example.
[19]殷海涛,甘卫军,肖根如等.利用高频GPS技术进行强震地面运动监测的研究进展.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2012-2019.Yin H T,Gan W J,Xiao G R,et al.Progress on monitoringstrong earthquake ground motions using high-rate GPS.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(6):2012-2019.
[20]Wubbena G.Software developments for geodetic positioningwith GPS using TI-4100code and carrier measurements.//Goad C C.Proceedings of the First International Symposiumon Precise Positioning with the Global Positioning Sysetm,Maryland,1985:15-19.
[21]Melbourne G.The case for ranging in GPS based geodeticsystems.//Clyde G.Proceedings of the First InternationalSymposium on Precise Positioning with the Global PositioningSysetm,Maryland,1985:373-386.
[22]殷海涛,甘卫军,肖根如.恒星日滤波的修正以及对高频GPS定位的影响研究.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(5):609-611.Yin H T,Gan W J,Xiao G R.Modified sidereal filter and it′seffect on high-rate GPS positioning.Geomatics and InformationScience of Wuhan University(in Chinese),2011,36(5):609-611.
[23]殷海涛,甘卫军,熊永良等.PCA空间滤波在高频GPS定位中的应用研究.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(7):825-829.Yin H T,Gan W J,Xiong Y L,et al.Study on the effect ofPCA Spatial Filtering on high-rate GPS positioning.Geomaticsand Information Science of Wuhan University(in Chinese),2011,36(7):825-829.
[24]Vigny C,Socquet A,Peyrat S,et al.The 2010 Mw8.8Maule Megathrust Earthquake of Central Chile,Monitoredby GPS.Science,2011,332(6036):1417-1421,DOI:10.1126/science.1204132.
[25]Larson K M,Bodin P,Gomberg J.Using 1-Hz GPS data tomeasure deformations caused by the Denali Fault Earthquake.Science,2003,300(5624):1421-1424.
[26]Bock Y,Prawirodirdjo L,Melboume T.Detection ofarbitrarily large dynamic ground motions with a dense high-rate GPS network.Geophy Res.Lett.,2004,31(6),L06604,doi:10.1029/2003GL01950.
[27]Miyazaki S,Laeson K,Choi K,et al.Modeling the ruptureprocess of the 2003Septembter 25Tokachi-Oki(Hokkaido)earthquake using 1 Hz GPS data.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(21),L21603,DOI:10.1029/2004GL021457.
[28]Ji C,Larson M,Tan Y,et al.Slip history of the 2003SanSimon earthquake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS,strong motion,and teleseismic data.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(17),L17068,doi:10.1029/2004GL020448.
[29]Wang G,Boore D M,Tang G,et al.Comparisons of Groundmotions from collocated and closely spaced one-sample-per-second Global Position System and accelerograph recordingsof the 2003 M6.5San Simeon,California earthquake in theParkfield region.Bull Seismol.Soc.Am.,2007,97(1B):76-90.
[30]Ohta Y,Meiano I,Sagiya T,et al.Large surface wave ofthe 2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake captured by the verylong baseline kinematic analysis of 1-Hz GPS data.EarthPlanets Space,2006,58(2):153-157.
[31]Langbein J,Bock Y.High-rate real-time GPS network atParkfield:Utility for detecting fault slip and seismicdisplacements.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(12),L15S20,doi:10.1029/2003GL019408.
[32]殷海涛,李杰,董晓娜等.汶川地震前后山东及周边地区地壳运动特征分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(3):23-27.Yin H T,Li J,Dong X N,et al.On characteristics of crustalmovement of Shandong and Surrounding areas before andafter Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2009,29(3):23-27.
[33]王敏,沈正康,董大南.非构造形变对GPS连续站位置时间序列的影响和修正.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1045-1052.Wang M,Shen Z K,Dong D N.Effects of non-tectoniccrustal deformation on continuous GPS position time seriesand correction to them.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1045-1052.
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