震后倒塌建筑物的处理:遇难人员搜寻与废墟清理
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摘要
汶川地震及近几年国内外发生的一些破坏性地震灾害中,在应急期的幸存者搜救行动之后,倒塌建筑物的处理问题已经逐渐凸显出来,其中重点是对遇难人员的搜寻和对废墟的清理。本文通过对2010年海地地震和2011年新西兰地震救援的实际经验的总结,分析了如何科学、有序地开展废墟的清理和遇难人员的搜寻工作,包括对新西兰地震震害情况的概述、主要建筑物破坏情况的描述和搜救的基本过程。对重型机械的使用、人工破拆处理和遗体鉴别这3个关键环节进行了重点阐述,并对存在的问题进行了讨论。
During the response process of Wenchuan and other devastating earthquakes in recent years,especially the later period,how to handle the debris is an important and difficult problem for rescue teams or local response officers,which includes how to search bodies and clean up the ruins.Based on the on-site experience from Haiti and Christchurch earthquake rescue,this paper described a normal routine to solve the problem mentioned above,including a description of the damage of the earthquake and process of handling the ruins of CTV building in Christchurch.Three key points,i.e.using of heavy machines,shoring by hand tools,identifying the bodies or remains,were described in detail.Some questions that we may meet in the future were discussed finally.
During the response process of Wenchuan and other devastating earthquakes in recent years,especially the later period,how to handle the debris is an important and difficult problem for rescue teams or local response officers,which includes how to search bodies and clean up the ruins.Based on the on-site experience from Haiti and Christchurch earthquake rescue,this paper described a normal routine to solve the problem mentioned above,including a description of the damage of the earthquake and process of handling the ruins of CTV building in Christchurch.Three key points,i.e.using of heavy machines,shoring by hand tools,identifying the bodies or remains,were described in detail.Some questions that we may meet in the future were discussed finally.
引文
[1]李亦纲,张媛,李志伟.地震现场倒塌建筑物的搜救策略研究.震害防御技术,2010,5(4):477-483
[2]顾建华,陈维锋,郝清源.地震灾害现场救援搜索策略与搜索方法有关问题的讨论.国际地震动态,2003(6):6-12
[3]Sólveig Thorvaldsdóttir.Structural triage:The five step approach.http:∥www.rainrace.com.2004
[4]International Search and Rescue Advisory Group.Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs.IN-SARAG guidelines for international search and rescue.2009
[5]Ministry of Civil Defense&Emergency Management(MCDEM).General Rescue Manual.2001
[6]Office of U.S.Foreign Disaster Assistance(OFDA),Miami——Dade Fire Rescue Department.Col-lapsed structure search and rescue course.2002
[2]顾建华,陈维锋,郝清源.地震灾害现场救援搜索策略与搜索方法有关问题的讨论.国际地震动态,2003(6):6-12
[3]Sólveig Thorvaldsdóttir.Structural triage:The five step approach.http:∥www.rainrace.com.2004
[4]International Search and Rescue Advisory Group.Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs.IN-SARAG guidelines for international search and rescue.2009
[5]Ministry of Civil Defense&Emergency Management(MCDEM).General Rescue Manual.2001
[6]Office of U.S.Foreign Disaster Assistance(OFDA),Miami——Dade Fire Rescue Department.Col-lapsed structure search and rescue course.2002
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