中国大陆重力场动态变化研究
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摘要
利用国家重大科学工程"中国地壳运动观测网络"1998—2008年间绝对重力和相对重力的观测资料,初步获得了中国大陆起算基准统一的重力场及其动态变化.重力场变化既具有时空分布的不均匀性和重力变化分区现象,同时又具有与活动断裂构造密切相关和与地震孕育发展有着内在联系.中国大陆6.8级以上大震主要发生在重力场变化分布差异较为剧烈的地区(重力变化≥90×10-8 m.s-2)和重力变化发生转折的时段.
This paper reports preliminary results about gravity field changes in mainland China from 1998 to 2008 based on information derived from absolute and relative gravity observation data at stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC).These results suggest that:(1) there existed significant inhomogeneity in the spatial-temporal distribution of gravity changes in China and partition phenomenon;(2) significant gravity changes appear to be concentrated in regions with active faults and associated with the preparation of large earthquakes;(3) the majority of large earthquakes(≥MS6.8) in mainland China occurred in areas that exhibited significant differences of gravity changes of 90×10-8m·s-2 or greater,and these earthquakes typically ruptured around the time when the trend of gravity change in the region showed signs of reversal.
This paper reports preliminary results about gravity field changes in mainland China from 1998 to 2008 based on information derived from absolute and relative gravity observation data at stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC).These results suggest that:(1) there existed significant inhomogeneity in the spatial-temporal distribution of gravity changes in China and partition phenomenon;(2) significant gravity changes appear to be concentrated in regions with active faults and associated with the preparation of large earthquakes;(3) the majority of large earthquakes(≥MS6.8) in mainland China occurred in areas that exhibited significant differences of gravity changes of 90×10-8m·s-2 or greater,and these earthquakes typically ruptured around the time when the trend of gravity change in the region showed signs of reversal.
引文
[1]牛之俊,马宗晋,陈鑫连等.中国地壳运动观测网络.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(3):88-93.Niu Z J,Ma Z J,Chen X L,et al.Crustal movementobservation network of china.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2002,22(3):88-93.
[2]许厚泽.重力观测在中国地壳运动观测网络中的作用.大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):1-3.Xu H Z.Function of gravimetry in CMONOC.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2003,23(3):1-3.
[3]祝意青,梁伟锋,李辉等.中国大陆重力场变化及其引起的地球动力学特征.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007,32(3):246-250.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Li H,et al.On gravity field variationsand geodynamic characteristics in Mainland of China.Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University(inChinese),2007,32(3):246-250.
[4]张为民,王勇,周旭华.我国绝对重力观测技术应用研究与展望.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):69-72.Zhang W M,Wang Y,Zhou X H.Expectation andapplication study of absolute gravity observation technologyin China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1),69-72.
[5]刘冬至,李辉,刘绍府.重力测量资料的处理系统———LGADJ∥地震预报方法实用化研究文集.北京:地震出版社,1991:339-350.Liu D Z,Li H,Liu S F.A management and analysis systemof gravity survey data-LGADJ∥Proceedings of ResearchSymposium of Application of Seismological PredictionMethods(Special Issue on Deformation,Gravity and StrainMeasurement)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1991:339-350.
[6]吴雪芳,陈益惠,李辉等.全国重力联网和精度评定.中国地震,1995,11(1):92-98.Wu X F,Chen Y H,Li H,et al.National network of gravitymeasurement and assessment of its accuracy.Earthquake Researchin China(in Chinese),1995,11(1):92-98.
[7]杨元喜,郭春喜,刘念等.绝对重力与相对重力混合平差的基准及质量控制.测绘工程,2001,10(2):11-14.Yang Y X,Guo C X,Liu N,et al.Datum and quality controlfor synthetic adjustment of absolute and relative gravitynetworks.Engineering of Surveying and Mapping(inChinese),2001,10(2):11-14.
[8]郭春喜,李斐,王斌.应用抗差估计理论分析2000国家重力基本网.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(3):242-245.Guo C X,Li F,Wang B.Application of robust estimationtheory to analyzing 2000China gravity base net.Geomaticsand Information Science of Wuhan University(in Chinese),2005,30(3):242-245.
[9]孙和平.重力场的时间变化与地球动力学.中国科学院院刊,2004,19(3):189-193.Sun H P.Temporal variation of gravity field andgeodynamics.Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),2004,19(3):189-193.
[10]王勇,张为民,詹金刚等.重复绝对重力测量观测的滇西地区和拉萨点的重力变化及其意义.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):95-100.Wang Y,Zhang W M,Zhan J G,et al.Gravity changedetected by repeated absolute gravity measurements in theWestern Yunnan and Lhasa,China and its implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):95-100.
[11]祝意青,王双绪,江在森等.昆仑山口西8.1级地震前重力变化.地震学报,2003,25(3):291-297.Zhu Y Q,Wang S X,Jiang Z S,et al.Gravity variationbefore Kunlun mountain pass western Ms8.1earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(3):291-297.
[12]祝意青,胡斌,李辉等.新疆地区重力变化与伽师6.8级地震.大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):66-69.Zhu Y Q,Hu B,Li H,et al.Variation of gravity field ofXinjiang area and Jiashi Ms6.8 earthquake.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2003,23(3):66-69.
[13]中国岩石圈动力学图集编委会.中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,1991.China Lithosphere Dynamics Atlas Compilation Committee.China Lithosphere Dynamics Outline(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.
[14]马宗晋,陈鑫连,叶叔华等.中国大陆区现今地壳运动的GPS研究.科学通报,2001,46(13):1118-1121.Ma Z J,Chen X L,Ye S H,et al.Contemporary crustalmovement of continental China obtained by global positioningsystem(GPS)measurements.Chinese Science Bulletin(inChinese),2001,46(13):1118-1121.
[15]邓起东,张培震,冉勇康等.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学D辑,2002,32(12):1020-1030.Deng Q D,Zhang P Z,Ran Y K,et al.Basic characteristicsof active tectonics of China.Science in China(EarthSciences),2003,46(4):356-372.
[16]张培震,邓启东,张国民等.中国大陆活动地块与强震.中国科学D辑,2002,32(增刊):5-11.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,et al.Active blocks andstrong earthquakes in mainland China.Science in China(Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2002,32(Suppl.):5-11.
[17]江在森,方颖,武艳强等.汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与变形动态过程.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):505-518.Jiang Z S,Fang Y,Wu Y Q,et al.The dynamic process ofregional crustal movement and deformation before WenchuanMs8.0earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):505-518.
[18]李辉,申重阳,孙少安等.中国大陆近期重力场动态变化图像.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(3):1-10.Li H,Shen C Y,Sun S A,et al.Dynamic gravity change inrecent years in China continent.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2009,29(3):1-10.
[19]曾融生,丁志峰,吴庆举.青藏高原岩石圈构造及动力学过程研究.地球物理学报,1994,37(增刊):99-116.Zeng R S,Ding Z F,Wu Q J.A review on the lithosphericstructures in Tibetan Plateau and constraints for dynamics.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.):99-116.
[20]傅容珊,黄建华,徐耀民等.青藏高原—天山地区岩石层构造运动的地幔动力学机制.地球物理学报,1998,41(5):658-668.Fu R S,Huang J H,Xu Y M,et al.Study of the mantledynamics of the lithosphere movements in the region fromQinghai-Xizang Plateau to Tianshan mountain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(5):658-668.
[21]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402Teng J W,Bai D H,Yang H,et al.Deep processes anddynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake of 2008.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1385-1402.
[22]Zhu Y Q,Zhan F B,Zhou J C,et al.Gravity measurementsand their variations before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5B):2815-2824.
[23]祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川Ms8.0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7):36-39.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M.Medium-term prediction ofMs8.0earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan by mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2008,(7):36-39.
[24]祝意青,徐云马,梁伟锋.2008年新疆于田Ms7.3地震的中期预测.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):13-15.Zhu Y Q,Xu Y M,Liang W F.Medium-term prediction ofYutian,Xinjiang Ms7.3earthquake in 2008.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(5):13-15.
[25]祝意青,刘芳,郭树松.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前的重力变化.大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(1):1-4.Zhu Y Q,Liu F,Gong S S.Gravity changes before YushuMs7.1 earthquake,2010.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2011,31(1):1-4.
[26]贾民育,詹洁辉.中国地震重力监测体系的结构与能力.地震学报,2000,22(4):360-367.Jia M Y,Zhan J H.The structure and ability of the Chinaseismological gravity monitoring system.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2000,22(4):360-367.
[2]许厚泽.重力观测在中国地壳运动观测网络中的作用.大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):1-3.Xu H Z.Function of gravimetry in CMONOC.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2003,23(3):1-3.
[3]祝意青,梁伟锋,李辉等.中国大陆重力场变化及其引起的地球动力学特征.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007,32(3):246-250.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Li H,et al.On gravity field variationsand geodynamic characteristics in Mainland of China.Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University(inChinese),2007,32(3):246-250.
[4]张为民,王勇,周旭华.我国绝对重力观测技术应用研究与展望.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):69-72.Zhang W M,Wang Y,Zhou X H.Expectation andapplication study of absolute gravity observation technologyin China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1),69-72.
[5]刘冬至,李辉,刘绍府.重力测量资料的处理系统———LGADJ∥地震预报方法实用化研究文集.北京:地震出版社,1991:339-350.Liu D Z,Li H,Liu S F.A management and analysis systemof gravity survey data-LGADJ∥Proceedings of ResearchSymposium of Application of Seismological PredictionMethods(Special Issue on Deformation,Gravity and StrainMeasurement)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1991:339-350.
[6]吴雪芳,陈益惠,李辉等.全国重力联网和精度评定.中国地震,1995,11(1):92-98.Wu X F,Chen Y H,Li H,et al.National network of gravitymeasurement and assessment of its accuracy.Earthquake Researchin China(in Chinese),1995,11(1):92-98.
[7]杨元喜,郭春喜,刘念等.绝对重力与相对重力混合平差的基准及质量控制.测绘工程,2001,10(2):11-14.Yang Y X,Guo C X,Liu N,et al.Datum and quality controlfor synthetic adjustment of absolute and relative gravitynetworks.Engineering of Surveying and Mapping(inChinese),2001,10(2):11-14.
[8]郭春喜,李斐,王斌.应用抗差估计理论分析2000国家重力基本网.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(3):242-245.Guo C X,Li F,Wang B.Application of robust estimationtheory to analyzing 2000China gravity base net.Geomaticsand Information Science of Wuhan University(in Chinese),2005,30(3):242-245.
[9]孙和平.重力场的时间变化与地球动力学.中国科学院院刊,2004,19(3):189-193.Sun H P.Temporal variation of gravity field andgeodynamics.Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),2004,19(3):189-193.
[10]王勇,张为民,詹金刚等.重复绝对重力测量观测的滇西地区和拉萨点的重力变化及其意义.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):95-100.Wang Y,Zhang W M,Zhan J G,et al.Gravity changedetected by repeated absolute gravity measurements in theWestern Yunnan and Lhasa,China and its implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):95-100.
[11]祝意青,王双绪,江在森等.昆仑山口西8.1级地震前重力变化.地震学报,2003,25(3):291-297.Zhu Y Q,Wang S X,Jiang Z S,et al.Gravity variationbefore Kunlun mountain pass western Ms8.1earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(3):291-297.
[12]祝意青,胡斌,李辉等.新疆地区重力变化与伽师6.8级地震.大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):66-69.Zhu Y Q,Hu B,Li H,et al.Variation of gravity field ofXinjiang area and Jiashi Ms6.8 earthquake.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2003,23(3):66-69.
[13]中国岩石圈动力学图集编委会.中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,1991.China Lithosphere Dynamics Atlas Compilation Committee.China Lithosphere Dynamics Outline(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.
[14]马宗晋,陈鑫连,叶叔华等.中国大陆区现今地壳运动的GPS研究.科学通报,2001,46(13):1118-1121.Ma Z J,Chen X L,Ye S H,et al.Contemporary crustalmovement of continental China obtained by global positioningsystem(GPS)measurements.Chinese Science Bulletin(inChinese),2001,46(13):1118-1121.
[15]邓起东,张培震,冉勇康等.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学D辑,2002,32(12):1020-1030.Deng Q D,Zhang P Z,Ran Y K,et al.Basic characteristicsof active tectonics of China.Science in China(EarthSciences),2003,46(4):356-372.
[16]张培震,邓启东,张国民等.中国大陆活动地块与强震.中国科学D辑,2002,32(增刊):5-11.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,et al.Active blocks andstrong earthquakes in mainland China.Science in China(Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2002,32(Suppl.):5-11.
[17]江在森,方颖,武艳强等.汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与变形动态过程.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):505-518.Jiang Z S,Fang Y,Wu Y Q,et al.The dynamic process ofregional crustal movement and deformation before WenchuanMs8.0earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):505-518.
[18]李辉,申重阳,孙少安等.中国大陆近期重力场动态变化图像.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(3):1-10.Li H,Shen C Y,Sun S A,et al.Dynamic gravity change inrecent years in China continent.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2009,29(3):1-10.
[19]曾融生,丁志峰,吴庆举.青藏高原岩石圈构造及动力学过程研究.地球物理学报,1994,37(增刊):99-116.Zeng R S,Ding Z F,Wu Q J.A review on the lithosphericstructures in Tibetan Plateau and constraints for dynamics.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.):99-116.
[20]傅容珊,黄建华,徐耀民等.青藏高原—天山地区岩石层构造运动的地幔动力学机制.地球物理学报,1998,41(5):658-668.Fu R S,Huang J H,Xu Y M,et al.Study of the mantledynamics of the lithosphere movements in the region fromQinghai-Xizang Plateau to Tianshan mountain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(5):658-668.
[21]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402Teng J W,Bai D H,Yang H,et al.Deep processes anddynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake of 2008.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1385-1402.
[22]Zhu Y Q,Zhan F B,Zhou J C,et al.Gravity measurementsand their variations before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5B):2815-2824.
[23]祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川Ms8.0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7):36-39.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M.Medium-term prediction ofMs8.0earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan by mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2008,(7):36-39.
[24]祝意青,徐云马,梁伟锋.2008年新疆于田Ms7.3地震的中期预测.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):13-15.Zhu Y Q,Xu Y M,Liang W F.Medium-term prediction ofYutian,Xinjiang Ms7.3earthquake in 2008.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(5):13-15.
[25]祝意青,刘芳,郭树松.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前的重力变化.大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(1):1-4.Zhu Y Q,Liu F,Gong S S.Gravity changes before YushuMs7.1 earthquake,2010.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2011,31(1):1-4.
[26]贾民育,詹洁辉.中国地震重力监测体系的结构与能力.地震学报,2000,22(4):360-367.Jia M Y,Zhan J H.The structure and ability of the Chinaseismological gravity monitoring system.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2000,22(4):360-367.
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