GRACE和地面重力测量监测到的中国大陆长期重力变化
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摘要
自2002年以来,GRACE卫星探测计划可提供高精度的时变地球重力场,用以探测地球系统的物质分布.自1998年中国大陆重力监测网建立以来,利用FG5绝对重力仪和LCR-G型相对重力仪每2年对该网进行重复测量获取重力场时变信息.基于此,本文利用GRACE和地面重力测量获得了中国大陆重力场的长期年变率,利用位错理论根据USGS发布的断层模型计算了2008年汶川Ms8.0级地震的同震重力变化并进行了300km高斯滤波.GRACE卫星重力和地面重力结果均表明华北地区地下水流失严重,在绝对重力基准站上,GRACE卫星重力与绝对重力变化率较为一致,汶川区域的地面重力变化结果可视为大地震前兆信息.
Since 2002,the GRACE satellite mission has been providing precise survey data of the Earth′s time-variable gravity field,and has greatly improved the understanding of mass distribution on and near the surface of the earth.A gravity network in Chinese mainland is established to determine gravity variations using LCR-G relative gravimeter and FG5 absolute gravimeter about every 2 years since 1998.Based on these observations,the secular trend of gravity changes in Chinese mainland is obtained and analyzed,and co-seismic gravity changes caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake are computed using the dislocation model of USGS and treated with 300 km Gaussian filter.Both GRACE and terrestrial observation results show that in the north part of China,the features have strongest resemblance,indicating the presence of large-scale changes in ground water storage,at the absolute gravity datum stations,the features of the gravity variations observed by GRACE and the absolute gravity measurements agree reasonably well,the terrestrial gravity changes around Wenchuan area could be viewed as a precursor of the great earthquake.
Since 2002,the GRACE satellite mission has been providing precise survey data of the Earth′s time-variable gravity field,and has greatly improved the understanding of mass distribution on and near the surface of the earth.A gravity network in Chinese mainland is established to determine gravity variations using LCR-G relative gravimeter and FG5 absolute gravimeter about every 2 years since 1998.Based on these observations,the secular trend of gravity changes in Chinese mainland is obtained and analyzed,and co-seismic gravity changes caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake are computed using the dislocation model of USGS and treated with 300 km Gaussian filter.Both GRACE and terrestrial observation results show that in the north part of China,the features have strongest resemblance,indicating the presence of large-scale changes in ground water storage,at the absolute gravity datum stations,the features of the gravity variations observed by GRACE and the absolute gravity measurements agree reasonably well,the terrestrial gravity changes around Wenchuan area could be viewed as a precursor of the great earthquake.
引文
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[24]Boy J P,Hinderer J.Study of the seasonal gravity signal insuperconducting gravimeter data.Journal of Geodynamics,2006,41(1-3):227-233.
[25]Zhong M,Duan J B,Xu H Z,et al.Trend of China landwater storage redistribution at medi-and large-spatial scalesin recent five years by satellite gravity observations.ChineseScience Bulletin,2009,54(5):816-821.
[26]Sun W K,Okubo S.Surface potential and gravity changesdue to internal dislocations in a spherical Earth,II.Application to a finite fault.Geophys.J.Int.,1998,132(1):79-88.
[27]Ji C,Hayes G.Preliminary result of the May 12,2008 Mw7.9Eastern Sichuan,China Earthquake.http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008ryan/finite_fault.php.
[28]Sun W K,Okubo S.Coseismic deformations detectable bysatellite gravity missions:a case study of Alaska(1964,2002)and Hokkaido(2003)earthquakes in the spectraldomain.J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109:B04405.
[29]Meng X H,Guo L H,Chen Z X,et al.A method for gravityanomaly separation based on preferential continuation and itsapplication.Applied Geophysics,2009,6(3):217-225.
[2]陈运泰,顾浩鼎,卢造勋.1975年海城地震与1976年唐山地震前后的重力变化.地震学报,1980,2(1):21-31.Chen Y T,Gu H D,Lu Z X.Variations of gravity before andafter the Haicheng earthquake,1975 and the Tangshanearthquake,1976.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1980,2(1):21-31.
[3]Li R H,Fu Z Z.Local gravity variations before and after theTangshan earthquake(M=7.8)and the dilatation process.Tectonophysics,1983,97(1-4):159-169.
[4]申重阳,李辉,孙少安等.重力场动态变化与汶川Ms8.0地震孕育过程.地球物理学报,2009,52(10):2547-2557.Shen C Y,Li H,Su S A,et al.Dynamic variations of gravityand the preparation process of the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(10):2547-2557.
[5]李辉,申重阳,孙少安等.中国大陆近期重力场动态变化图像.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(3):1-10.Li H,Shen C Y,Sun S A,et al.Dynamic gravity change inrecent years in China continent.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2009,29(3):1-10.
[6]祝意青,王庆良,徐云马.我国流动重力监测预报发展的思考.国际地震动态,2008,(9):19-25Zhu Y Q,Wang Q L,Xu Y M.Thoughts on thedevelopment of earthquake monitoring and prediction inmobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2008,9:19-25.
[7]Cazenave A,Chen J L.Time-variable gravity from space andpresent-day mass redistribution in the Earth system.Earthand Planetary Science Letters,2010,298(3-4):263-274.
[8]Tapley B D,Bettadpur S,Watkins M,et al.The gravityrecovery and climate experiment:mission overview and earlyresults.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(9):L09607.
[9]Wahr J,Swenson S,Zlotnicki V,et al.Time-variablegravity from GRACE:First results.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(11):L11501.
[10]Tapley B D,Bettdpur S,Ries J C,et al.GRACEmeasurements of mass variability in the Earth system.Science,2004,305(5683):503-505.
[11]Chen J L,Wilson C R,Famiglietti J S,et al.Spatialsensitivity of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)time-variable gravity observations.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110:B08408.
[12]Chen J L,Tapley B D,Wilson C R.Alaskan mountainglacial melting observed by satellite gravimetry.Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,2006,248(1-2):368-378.
[13]Chen J L,Wilson C R,Tapley B D.Satellite gravitymeasurements confirm accelerated melting of Greenland icesheet.Science,2006,313(5795):1958-1960.
[14]Chen J L,Wilson C R,Famiglietti J S,et al.Attenuationeffect on seasonal basin-scale water storage changes fromGRACE time-variable gravity.Journal of Geodesy,2007,81(4):237-245.
[15]Chen J L,Wilson C R,Tapley B D.The 2009exceptionalAmazon flood and interannual terrestrial water storagechange observed by GRACE.Water Resour.Res.,2010,46(12):W12526.
[16]Chen J L,Wilson C R,Tapley B D,et al.GRACE detectscoseismic and postseismic deformation from the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34:L13302.
[17]Han S C,Shum C K,Bevis M,et al.Crustal dilatationobserved by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andamanearthquake.Science,2006,313(5787):658-662.
[18]Jekeli C.Alternative methods to smooth the Earth′s gravityfield.Rep.327,Dep.of Geod,Departhment of GeodeticScience and Surveying,The Ohio State University,Columbus,1981.
[19]Steffen H,Gitlein O,Denker H,et al.Present rate of upliftin Fennoscandia from GRACE and absolute gravimetry.Tectonophysics,2009,474(1-2):69-77.
[20]Sun W,Miura S,Sato T,et al.Gravity measurements insoutheastern Alaska reveal negative gravity rate of changecaused by glacial isostatic adjustment.J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115:B12406.
[21]Hwang C,Cheng T C,Cheng C C,et al.Land subsidenceusing absolute and relative gravimetry:a case study in centralTaiwan.Survey Review,2010,42(315):27-39.
[22]Xing L L,Li H,Li J C,et al.Comparison of absolutegravity measurements obtained with FG5/232and FG5/214instruments.Geo-spatial Information Science,2009,12(4):307-310.
[23]邢乐林,申重阳,李辉等.欧洲绝对重力仪比对观测(ECGS′07).地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2054-2057.Xing L L,Shen C Y,Li H,et al.European comparison ofabsolute gravimeters(ECGS′07).Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2009,24(6):2054-2057.
[24]Boy J P,Hinderer J.Study of the seasonal gravity signal insuperconducting gravimeter data.Journal of Geodynamics,2006,41(1-3):227-233.
[25]Zhong M,Duan J B,Xu H Z,et al.Trend of China landwater storage redistribution at medi-and large-spatial scalesin recent five years by satellite gravity observations.ChineseScience Bulletin,2009,54(5):816-821.
[26]Sun W K,Okubo S.Surface potential and gravity changesdue to internal dislocations in a spherical Earth,II.Application to a finite fault.Geophys.J.Int.,1998,132(1):79-88.
[27]Ji C,Hayes G.Preliminary result of the May 12,2008 Mw7.9Eastern Sichuan,China Earthquake.http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008ryan/finite_fault.php.
[28]Sun W K,Okubo S.Coseismic deformations detectable bysatellite gravity missions:a case study of Alaska(1964,2002)and Hokkaido(2003)earthquakes in the spectraldomain.J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109:B04405.
[29]Meng X H,Guo L H,Chen Z X,et al.A method for gravityanomaly separation based on preferential continuation and itsapplication.Applied Geophysics,2009,6(3):217-225.
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