汶川大震时福建四种观测系统的体应变响应分析
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摘要
采用福建省有关观测点的井水位、地震仪、体应变仪与伸缩仪的分钟值观测资料对福建地区对2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级大震的体应变响应进行了计算,计算结果表明,由井水位、体应变仪与伸缩仪所得到的对汶川大震的体应变响应的振幅为10~(-7)～10~(-8),而由地震仪所得到的体应变响应要比前者大1个数量级;并对此差异进行了分析。
On the basis of the concept that well water observation system is a natural body strain gauge,the calibration method of scale values of well water level observation were given and well level observation were converted into volumetric strains in this paper.Further,the maximum amplitudes and periods of radial and vertical displacements caused by Rayleigh surface waves of Wenchuan earthquake can be measured by seismograph,and volumetric strain responses to surface wave of Wenchuan earthquake can also be calculated according to the displacement divergence formulation.Based on the minutely values obtained from different digital observation system of well water level,seismometer,volumetric strainmeter and extensometer installed at certain observational stations in Fujian province,various volumetric strain responses of the above four observation systems to Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake were computed and analyzed.The results of the four observational systems show that for the well water level,volumetric strainmeter and extensometer systems,the amplitude of volumetric strain response to Wenchuan earthquake varies from 10-7 to 10-8,whereas for the seismograph system the corresponding amplitude is larger by one order of magnitude.Finally,this paper gives analyses on this discrepancy of amplitude.
On the basis of the concept that well water observation system is a natural body strain gauge,the calibration method of scale values of well water level observation were given and well level observation were converted into volumetric strains in this paper.Further,the maximum amplitudes and periods of radial and vertical displacements caused by Rayleigh surface waves of Wenchuan earthquake can be measured by seismograph,and volumetric strain responses to surface wave of Wenchuan earthquake can also be calculated according to the displacement divergence formulation.Based on the minutely values obtained from different digital observation system of well water level,seismometer,volumetric strainmeter and extensometer installed at certain observational stations in Fujian province,various volumetric strain responses of the above four observation systems to Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake were computed and analyzed.The results of the four observational systems show that for the well water level,volumetric strainmeter and extensometer systems,the amplitude of volumetric strain response to Wenchuan earthquake varies from 10-7 to 10-8,whereas for the seismograph system the corresponding amplitude is larger by one order of magnitude.Finally,this paper gives analyses on this discrepancy of amplitude.
引文
[1]P·梅尔基奥尔(杜品仁,吴庆鹏,陈益惠等译).行星地球的固体潮[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
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[4]Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E,Woodcook D,et al.2003.A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes[J].JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,VOL.108,NO.B8,2390, doi:1029/ 2002JB002321,2003,SDE10.1-10.4.
[5]Chia,Y.P.,Wang,Y.S.,Chiu J.J.,et al.Changes of Ground Water Level due to the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake in the Choshui River Alluvial Fan[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,2001,91 (5):1062-1068.
[6]郑小菁,陈莹.福建数字地下流体网对远处大震映震能力分析[J].国际地震动态,2007,3:31-37.
[7]晏锐,陈颙,高福旺,等.从昌平井体应变、水位对地震波的响应特征求算含水层的SKEMPTON常数[J].地震学报,2008,30(2):144-152.
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[10]陆一心.现代工程控制理论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.12-21.
[11]北京大学地球物理系,武汉测绘学院大地测量系,中国科学技术大学地球物理教研室.重力与固体潮[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.349-360.
[12]刘序俨,杨军.地壳形变分析预报方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.100-101.
[13]W.D.米恩斯(丁中一,殷有泉译,王仁校).应力和应变[M],北京:科学出版社,1982.80-114.
[14]王敏中,王炜,武际可.弹性力学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002.21-45.
[15]中国地震局监测预报司.地壳形变数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.66-91.
[16]刘序俨,李平,张雁滨.地表的面应变和体应变固体潮理论值计算及其调和分析[J].地壳形变与地震,1988,4:354-358.
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[18]傅承义.地震波[A].中国大百科全书(固体地球科学卷)[C].北京:科学出版社,1985.
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[20]Menahem A,Singhs.Seismic waves and sources[M].New York:Haideberg Belin,Springer -Verlag, 1981.105-120.
[21]傅承义,陈运泰,祁贵仲.地球物理学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.276-334.
[2]汪成民,车用太,万迪堃,等.地下水微动态研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.20-23.
[3]王吉易,董守玉,陈建民.地下流体地震预报方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.14-65.
[4]Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E,Woodcook D,et al.2003.A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes[J].JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,VOL.108,NO.B8,2390, doi:1029/ 2002JB002321,2003,SDE10.1-10.4.
[5]Chia,Y.P.,Wang,Y.S.,Chiu J.J.,et al.Changes of Ground Water Level due to the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake in the Choshui River Alluvial Fan[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,2001,91 (5):1062-1068.
[6]郑小菁,陈莹.福建数字地下流体网对远处大震映震能力分析[J].国际地震动态,2007,3:31-37.
[7]晏锐,陈颙,高福旺,等.从昌平井体应变、水位对地震波的响应特征求算含水层的SKEMPTON常数[J].地震学报,2008,30(2):144-152.
[8]Hurwitz,S.,M.J.S.Johnston.Groundwater level changes in a deep well in response to a magma intrusion event on Kilauea Volcano,Hawai'i[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(22):2173,ESE10.1-10.4.
[9]曾劲,陈飞,彭安华,杨瑞军.控制工程基础[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.18.
[10]陆一心.现代工程控制理论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.12-21.
[11]北京大学地球物理系,武汉测绘学院大地测量系,中国科学技术大学地球物理教研室.重力与固体潮[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.349-360.
[12]刘序俨,杨军.地壳形变分析预报方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.100-101.
[13]W.D.米恩斯(丁中一,殷有泉译,王仁校).应力和应变[M],北京:科学出版社,1982.80-114.
[14]王敏中,王炜,武际可.弹性力学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002.21-45.
[15]中国地震局监测预报司.地壳形变数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.66-91.
[16]刘序俨,李平,张雁滨.地表的面应变和体应变固体潮理论值计算及其调和分析[J].地壳形变与地震,1988,4:354-358.
[17]Thorne L,Terry C W.Modem Global Seismology[M].Academic Press,1981.34-125.
[18]傅承义.地震波[A].中国大百科全书(固体地球科学卷)[C].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[19]曾融生.固体地球物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.87-103.
[20]Menahem A,Singhs.Seismic waves and sources[M].New York:Haideberg Belin,Springer -Verlag, 1981.105-120.
[21]傅承义,陈运泰,祁贵仲.地球物理学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.276-334.
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