汶川震区陕西省宁强县滑坡灾害危险性分析与评价
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摘要
在分析汶川震区陕西省宁强县滑坡灾害特征和危险性影响因素的基础上,利用开发的县域滑坡灾害风险管理GIS系统,选取斜坡坡度、地层岩性、地震动峰值加速度等8个因素进行滑坡灾害危险性分析。根据研究区13 477个网格单元信息量计算结果,将宁强县滑坡灾害危险性分为极高、高、中、低和极低5个危险等级。研究得出极高危险和高危险区主要集中在勉阳深大断裂带及其次级断裂区,约占研究区总面积的16%,滑坡点密度为20.5/100 km2.中等危险区分布于境内工程地质岩性较为软弱的区域,约占研究区总面积的42%,滑坡灾害点密度为6.3/100 km2.低危险区和极低危险区位于区内人口稀少的高远山区,约占研究区总面积的42%,滑坡灾害点密度为0.64/k100 m2.
On 12 May 2008,Wenchuan earthquake caused nearly a hundred of secondary geo-hazards in Ningqiang county,Shaanxi province.Based on the landslides risk investigation and geo-hazards spatial database analysis,the factors of slope angle,slope aspect,slope elevation,fault structure,formation lithology,rainfall,peak acceleration of ground motion,and engineering activity were selected for landslides hazard assessment.The information model was then applied to calculate landslides hazard by using County Landslide Risk Management Information System(CLRMIS,developed by authors).All of the 13 477 units sized 500 m × 500 m were calculated and analyzed.Finally,the landslides hazard was divided into five classes,i.e.extremely high,high,moderate,low and extremely low.The area with extremely high and high hazard mainly lies in the MIAN-YANG deep fault and its secondary faults zone,accounts for 16% of the study area,and the landslides density is 20.5 /100 km 2.The moderate hazard accounts for 42% of the study area,the landslides density is 6.3 km 2 and mainly in the weak strata region.The low and extremely low hazard area in the sparsely populated region,accounts for 42% of the study area,and the landslides density is 0.64 /100 km 2.
On 12 May 2008,Wenchuan earthquake caused nearly a hundred of secondary geo-hazards in Ningqiang county,Shaanxi province.Based on the landslides risk investigation and geo-hazards spatial database analysis,the factors of slope angle,slope aspect,slope elevation,fault structure,formation lithology,rainfall,peak acceleration of ground motion,and engineering activity were selected for landslides hazard assessment.The information model was then applied to calculate landslides hazard by using County Landslide Risk Management Information System(CLRMIS,developed by authors).All of the 13 477 units sized 500 m × 500 m were calculated and analyzed.Finally,the landslides hazard was divided into five classes,i.e.extremely high,high,moderate,low and extremely low.The area with extremely high and high hazard mainly lies in the MIAN-YANG deep fault and its secondary faults zone,accounts for 16% of the study area,and the landslides density is 20.5 /100 km 2.The moderate hazard accounts for 42% of the study area,the landslides density is 6.3 km 2 and mainly in the weak strata region.The low and extremely low hazard area in the sparsely populated region,accounts for 42% of the study area,and the landslides density is 0.64 /100 km 2.
引文
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[13]王雁林,郝俊卿,赵法锁,等.陕西省地质灾害风险区划初步研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(1):46-52.WANG Yan-lin,HAO Jun-qing,ZHAO Fa-suo,et al.Regional risk zonation of geological hazard in Shaanxi province[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(1):46-52.
[14]赵洲,侯恩科,王建智,等.县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统研发与应用[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):170-182.ZHAO Zhou,HOU En-ke,WANG Jian-zhi,et al.Landslide risk management information system for counties:illustrated with a case study for Ningqiang county[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(2):170-182.
[15]牛富俊,马巍,吴青柏.青藏铁路主要冻土路基工程热稳定性及主要冻融灾害[J].地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(2):196-206.NIU Fu-jun,MA Wei,WU Qing-bai.Thermal stability of roadbeds of the Qinghai-Tibet railway in permafrost regions and the main freezing-thawing hazards[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2011,33(2):196-206.
[16]赵景波,张冲.延安地区明代干旱灾害与气候变化研究[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(4):430-435.ZHAO Jing-bo,ZHANG Chong.Drought disaster and climatic change during the Ming dynasty in Yan’an area[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(4):430-435.
[17]白贵霞,程传录,郭春喜,等.汶川地震地形形变监测与分析[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(2):205-210.BAI Gui-xia,CHENG Chuan-lu,GUO Chun-xi,et al.Analysis and monitoring of crustal deformation in Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(2):205-210.
[2]Neuhauser B,Terhorst B.Landslide susceptibility assessment using“weights-of-evidence”applied to a study area at the Ju-rassic escarpment(SW-Germany)[J].Geomorphology,2007,86(1-2):12-24.
[3]Pradhan B,Lee S.Utilization of optical remote sensing data and GIS tools for regional landslide hazard analysis using an arti-ficial neural network model[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):143-152.
[4]吴树仁,张永双,石菊松,等.三峡库区重庆市丰都县滑坡灾害危险性评价[J].地质通报,2007,26(5):575-581.WU Shu-ren,ZHANG Yong-shuang,SHI Ju-song,et al.Assessments of landslide hazards in Fengdu county,Chongqing City,three gorges reservoir region of the Yangtze river[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(5):575-581.
[5]张桂荣,殷坤龙,陈丽霞.浙江省永嘉县区域滑坡灾害人口易损性评价和伤亡风险预测[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(4):70-75.ZHANG Gui-rong,YIN Kun-long,CHEN Li-xia.Population vulnerability assessment on regional landslide hazards and casual-ty risk forecasting in Yongjia county,Zhejiang province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(4):70-75.
[6]唐亚明,张茂省,薛强.延安市虎头峁滑坡社会风险评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1782-1786.TANG Ya-ming,ZHANG Mao-sheng,XUE Qiang.Social risk assessments of the Hutoumao landslide in Yan’an city,Shaanxi[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1782-1786.
[7]楚敬龙,王金生,滕彦国,等.基于GIS的滑坡灾害危险性区划研究——以重庆市万州区为例[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(4):409-415.CHU Jing-long,WANG Jin-sheng,TENG Yan-guo,et al.Study on landslide hazard zonation based on GIS:taking Wanzhou district of Chongqing city as an example[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(4):409-415.
[8]汪华斌,吴树仁.滑坡灾害风险评价的关键理论与技术方法[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1764-1770.WANG Hua-bin,WU Shu-ren.Key theory and method of landslide hazard risk assessments[J].Geological Bulletin of Chi-na,2008,27(11):1764-1770.
[9]苏生瑞,张永双,李松,等.汶川地震引发高速远程滑坡运动机理数值模拟研究——以谢家店子滑坡为例[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(3):277-287.SU Sheng-rui,ZHANG Yong-shuang,LI Song,et al.Numerical analysis on motion mechanism of highspeed and long runout landslide by Wenchuan earthquake:taking Xiejiadianzi landslide as an example[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environ-ment,2010,32(3):277-287.
[10]杜军,杨青华,严嘉,等.基于GIS与信息量模型的汶川次生地质灾害危险性评价[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2010,35(2):324-330.DU Jun,YANG Qing-hua,YAN Jia,et al.Hazard evaluation of secondary geological disaster based on GIS and information value method[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2010,35(2):324-330.
[11]高克昌,崔鹏,赵纯勇,等.基于地理信息系统和信息量模型的滑坡危险性评价——以重庆万州为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):991-996.GAO Ke-chang,CUI Peng,ZHAO Chun-yong,et al.Landslide hazard evaluation of Wanzhou based on gis information value method in the three gorges reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):991-996.
[12]吴越,刘东升,陆新,等.承灾体易损性评估模型与滑坡灾害风险度指标[J].岩土力学,2011,32(8):2487-2499.WU Yue,LIU Dong-sheng,LU Xin,et al.Vulnerability assessment model for hazard bearing body and landslide risk index[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(8):2487-2499.
[13]王雁林,郝俊卿,赵法锁,等.陕西省地质灾害风险区划初步研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(1):46-52.WANG Yan-lin,HAO Jun-qing,ZHAO Fa-suo,et al.Regional risk zonation of geological hazard in Shaanxi province[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(1):46-52.
[14]赵洲,侯恩科,王建智,等.县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统研发与应用[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):170-182.ZHAO Zhou,HOU En-ke,WANG Jian-zhi,et al.Landslide risk management information system for counties:illustrated with a case study for Ningqiang county[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(2):170-182.
[15]牛富俊,马巍,吴青柏.青藏铁路主要冻土路基工程热稳定性及主要冻融灾害[J].地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(2):196-206.NIU Fu-jun,MA Wei,WU Qing-bai.Thermal stability of roadbeds of the Qinghai-Tibet railway in permafrost regions and the main freezing-thawing hazards[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2011,33(2):196-206.
[16]赵景波,张冲.延安地区明代干旱灾害与气候变化研究[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(4):430-435.ZHAO Jing-bo,ZHANG Chong.Drought disaster and climatic change during the Ming dynasty in Yan’an area[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(4):430-435.
[17]白贵霞,程传录,郭春喜,等.汶川地震地形形变监测与分析[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(2):205-210.BAI Gui-xia,CHENG Chuan-lu,GUO Chun-xi,et al.Analysis and monitoring of crustal deformation in Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(2):205-210.
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