汶川震中岩浆岩高边坡破坏模式与崩塌机理
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摘要
汶川8.0级大地震触发了大量岩石边坡崩塌次生地质灾害,不同岩性及结构的岩质高边坡,强震作用下的破坏机理不同,震中映秀岩浆岩高边坡在强震中破坏严重,因此急需开展其破坏机理的研究.以震中映秀典型高边坡崩塌-虎嘴崩塌为研究对象,在工程地质条件研究的基础上,采用结构面统计模拟方法,深入分析岩浆岩边坡的结构面组合特征,通过赤平投影法初步确定了该类边坡的破坏模式:由3组主控结构面相互贯通的双平面滑动.恢复老虎嘴岩质边坡在地震前的原始坡形,采用2DUDEC再现地震作用下老虎嘴岩质高边坡的破坏过程,得出在地震作用下的破坏规律:老虎嘴边坡在地震作用下的渐进破坏过程主要表现为边坡前缘岩体首先破坏,坡顶岩体沿着3组结构面的切割贯通面也产生拉裂破坏发生崩塌,最终整个边坡溃塌.在重力和地震的双重作用下坡顶破坏呈现出抛射状.
Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude of 8.0 triggered a large amount of rock slope collapse.In Yingxiu,many high magmatite rock slopes collapsed when Wenchuan earthquake struck,which resulted in huge damage.So it is urgent to study the collapse mechanism.This study takes Laohuzui collapse,a typical high slope collapse located at Yingxiu,the Wenchuan earthquake epicenter,as the object of this research.The engineering geological condition was investigated and the physical and mechanical parameters of rockmass and structural plane was determined.With the stereographic projection method using the discontinuity network simulation results,the basic failure modes of the slope was obtained,which is dual-plane sliding mainly due to the interconnected three group joints.Re-establishing the Laohuzui high slope model before earthquake,the process of dynamic response on the rock slope under earthquake was simulated by using 2DUDEC,and the destruction and collapse mechanism was analyzed.The main conclusion is that the Laohuzui slope collapse is a progressive failure.At first,the tensile failure took place in the slope toe,then the slope top would be subject to tensile failure followed by the front surface failure along the cut-through plane by three group joints,which resulted in the whole slope collapse.The slinging failure took place at the slope top under the seismic and gravity action condition.
Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude of 8.0 triggered a large amount of rock slope collapse.In Yingxiu,many high magmatite rock slopes collapsed when Wenchuan earthquake struck,which resulted in huge damage.So it is urgent to study the collapse mechanism.This study takes Laohuzui collapse,a typical high slope collapse located at Yingxiu,the Wenchuan earthquake epicenter,as the object of this research.The engineering geological condition was investigated and the physical and mechanical parameters of rockmass and structural plane was determined.With the stereographic projection method using the discontinuity network simulation results,the basic failure modes of the slope was obtained,which is dual-plane sliding mainly due to the interconnected three group joints.Re-establishing the Laohuzui high slope model before earthquake,the process of dynamic response on the rock slope under earthquake was simulated by using 2DUDEC,and the destruction and collapse mechanism was analyzed.The main conclusion is that the Laohuzui slope collapse is a progressive failure.At first,the tensile failure took place in the slope toe,then the slope top would be subject to tensile failure followed by the front surface failure along the cut-through plane by three group joints,which resulted in the whole slope collapse.The slinging failure took place at the slope top under the seismic and gravity action condition.
引文
Chen,J.J.,2009.The analysis of seismic dynamic response of slopes in mountains with complex geological back-grounds(Dissertation).Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,L.L.,Chen,M.Z.,Qian,S.G.,2004.Stability analysis of high-steep rocky slope under earthquake loads.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,21(1):33-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
Keefer,D.K.,1984.Landslides caused by earthquake.Geological Society of America Bulletin,95(4):406-421.
Ling,H.I.,Cheng,A.D.,1997.Rock sliding induced by seismic force.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,34(6):1021-1029.
Liu,H.L.,Fei,K.,Gao,Y.F.,2003.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability.Rock and Soil Mechanics,24(4):553-556,560(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qi,S.W.,2004.Slope dynamic responses analysis(Dissertation).Insititue of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qiu,R.D.,Shi,Y.C.,Fu,C.H.,2007.General laws of dy-namic responses of the high slopes under horizontal dy-namic input.World Earthquake Engineering,23(2):131-138(in Chinese with English abstract).
Siad,L.,2003.Seismic stability analysis of fractured rock slopes by yield design theory.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,23(3):203-212.
Tao,L.J.,Su,S.R.,Zhang,Z.Y.,2001.Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slope.Journal of Engineering Geology,9(1):32-38(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,Q.W.,1983.The influence of earthquake on the natural slope stability in mountainous regions.Journal of Mountain Research,1(1):27-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,X.N.,Wang,L.S.,2005.On the mechanism of slope deformation-failures and their distribution characteristics in a high earthquake-intensity area.Journal of Engineering Geology,13(1):68-75(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Yang,Q.H.,Yao,L.K.,Ren,Z.M.,et al.,2008.Centrifugal model test on dynamical characteristics of landslips of loose slope under seismic loading.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(2):368-374(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,Y.R.,Ye,H.L.,Huang,R.Q.,2009.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(8):1714-1723(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈建君,2009.复杂山区斜坡的地震动力响应分析(硕士论文).成都:成都理工大学.
陈玲玲,陈敏中,钱胜国,2004.岩质陡高边坡地震动力稳定分析.长江科学院院报,21(1):33-35.
刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰,2003.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法.岩土力学,24(4):553-556,560.
祁生文,2004.边坡动力反应分析(博士后论文).北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所.
秋仁东,石玉成,付长华,2007.高边坡在水平动荷载作用下的动力响应规律研究.世界地震工程,23(2):131-138.
陶连金,苏生瑞,张倬元,2001.节理岩体边坡的动力稳定性分析.工程地质学报,9(1):32-38.
吴其伟,1983.地震对山区自然斜坡稳定性的影响.山地研究,1(1):27-34.
许向宁,王兰生,2005.岷江上游叠溪地震区斜坡变形破坏分区特征及其成因机制分析.工程地质学报,13(1):6875.
杨庆华,姚令侃,任自铭,等,2008.地震作用下松散体斜坡崩塌动力学特性离心模型试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,27(2):368-374.
郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,2009.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,28(8):1714-1723.
Chen,L.L.,Chen,M.Z.,Qian,S.G.,2004.Stability analysis of high-steep rocky slope under earthquake loads.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,21(1):33-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
Keefer,D.K.,1984.Landslides caused by earthquake.Geological Society of America Bulletin,95(4):406-421.
Ling,H.I.,Cheng,A.D.,1997.Rock sliding induced by seismic force.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,34(6):1021-1029.
Liu,H.L.,Fei,K.,Gao,Y.F.,2003.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability.Rock and Soil Mechanics,24(4):553-556,560(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qi,S.W.,2004.Slope dynamic responses analysis(Dissertation).Insititue of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qiu,R.D.,Shi,Y.C.,Fu,C.H.,2007.General laws of dy-namic responses of the high slopes under horizontal dy-namic input.World Earthquake Engineering,23(2):131-138(in Chinese with English abstract).
Siad,L.,2003.Seismic stability analysis of fractured rock slopes by yield design theory.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,23(3):203-212.
Tao,L.J.,Su,S.R.,Zhang,Z.Y.,2001.Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slope.Journal of Engineering Geology,9(1):32-38(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,Q.W.,1983.The influence of earthquake on the natural slope stability in mountainous regions.Journal of Mountain Research,1(1):27-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,X.N.,Wang,L.S.,2005.On the mechanism of slope deformation-failures and their distribution characteristics in a high earthquake-intensity area.Journal of Engineering Geology,13(1):68-75(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Yang,Q.H.,Yao,L.K.,Ren,Z.M.,et al.,2008.Centrifugal model test on dynamical characteristics of landslips of loose slope under seismic loading.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(2):368-374(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,Y.R.,Ye,H.L.,Huang,R.Q.,2009.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(8):1714-1723(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈建君,2009.复杂山区斜坡的地震动力响应分析(硕士论文).成都:成都理工大学.
陈玲玲,陈敏中,钱胜国,2004.岩质陡高边坡地震动力稳定分析.长江科学院院报,21(1):33-35.
刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰,2003.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法.岩土力学,24(4):553-556,560.
祁生文,2004.边坡动力反应分析(博士后论文).北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所.
秋仁东,石玉成,付长华,2007.高边坡在水平动荷载作用下的动力响应规律研究.世界地震工程,23(2):131-138.
陶连金,苏生瑞,张倬元,2001.节理岩体边坡的动力稳定性分析.工程地质学报,9(1):32-38.
吴其伟,1983.地震对山区自然斜坡稳定性的影响.山地研究,1(1):27-34.
许向宁,王兰生,2005.岷江上游叠溪地震区斜坡变形破坏分区特征及其成因机制分析.工程地质学报,13(1):6875.
杨庆华,姚令侃,任自铭,等,2008.地震作用下松散体斜坡崩塌动力学特性离心模型试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,27(2):368-374.
郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,2009.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,28(8):1714-1723.
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