基于GIS的震后汶川潜在泥石流危险性评价
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摘要
汶川8级地震造成当地极大的生命和财产损失,震后次生地质灾害又给灾区规划重建带来严重影响。本文分析了汶川震后滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害的时空分布特征,以流域为单元,选用改进后的震后泥石流总流量计算公式,以泥石流物源总量与沟床比降为评价因子,建立单沟泥石流危险性评价模型,对57条潜在泥石流沟进行了危险性评价。实地调查及相关资料验证表明,评价结果与实际较为吻合,具有较强实用性,可为汶川灾后重建规划与地质灾害防治提供技术支持。
The May 12,2008 M8.0 earthquake in Wenchuan caused great loss of life and significant destruction of property,and caused a significant amount of discussion of post-disaster reconstruction and planning.This article presents an analysis of the timing and spatial distribution of landslides and collapses after the Wenchuan earthquake,and has established a single-valley hazard assessment model to assess the landslide and collapse risk for a total of 57 potential debris flow valleys using a watrshed model in combination with improved post-earthquake debris flow modeling and evaluation factors derived from the diminishing amount of debris flow material with increasing distance from individual valleys.Field investigations and data validation indicate that our evaluation approach was robust and accurate,and can provide technical support for post-earthquake reconstruction planning and the future prevention of geological disasters.
The May 12,2008 M8.0 earthquake in Wenchuan caused great loss of life and significant destruction of property,and caused a significant amount of discussion of post-disaster reconstruction and planning.This article presents an analysis of the timing and spatial distribution of landslides and collapses after the Wenchuan earthquake,and has established a single-valley hazard assessment model to assess the landslide and collapse risk for a total of 57 potential debris flow valleys using a watrshed model in combination with improved post-earthquake debris flow modeling and evaluation factors derived from the diminishing amount of debris flow material with increasing distance from individual valleys.Field investigations and data validation indicate that our evaluation approach was robust and accurate,and can provide technical support for post-earthquake reconstruction planning and the future prevention of geological disasters.
引文
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[8]徐波,周申立,康艳梅,等.四川华蓥山地地质灾害类型及成因分析[J].上海地质,2006,27(1):33-36,40.Xu B,Zhou S L,Kang Y M,et al.The origin and type of themountainous gravity disaster in Huaying,Sichuan[J].ShanghaiGeology,2006,27(1):33-36,40.
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[10]唐尧.基于3S的震后汶川潜在泥石流危险性评价研究[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2011.Tang Y.Hazard assessment on potential debris flows in Wenchuancounty after Wenchuan earthquake based on RS,GIS and GPS[D].Master’s thesis,Chengdu University of Technology,2011.
[11]刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:1-26,62-66.Liu X L,Tang C.Hazard assessment of debris flow[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995:1-26,62-66.
[12]唐川,朱静.城市泥石流风险评价探讨[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):383-388.Tang C,Zhu J.Approach for urban debris flow risk assessment[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(3):383-388.
[13]耿佳弟.甘洛县矿区乐日沟泥石流危险性评价[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2010.Geng J D.Hazard assessment of debris flow at Leri ditch of minearea in Ganluo county[D].Master’s thesis,Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2010.
[14]庄建琦,裴来政,丁明涛,等.潜在泥石流的界定与判识——以金沙江流域溪洛库区为例[J].灾害学,2009,24(4):86-93.Zhuang J Q,Pei L Z,Ding M T,et al.The definition andidentification of potential debris flow gully—taking the Xiluodureservoir area as an example[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2009,24(4):86-93.
[15]林皆敏.泉州市潜在地质安全隐患点特征与防治研究[J].上海国土资源,2011,32(4):88-92.Lin J M.Study on characteristics and prevention of potentialgeological danger points in Quanzhou city[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2011,32(4):88-92.
[2]龚士良.地震次生地质灾害风险评价集对态势分析[J].四川地质学报,2010,30(1):118-122.Gong S L.SPA of risk assessment of secondary disaster ofearthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2010,30(1):118-122.
[3]庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚.5.12地震后都汶公路沿线泥石流沟危险性评价[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):131-139.Zhuang J Q,Cui P,Ge Y G.Hazard assessment of debrisflow valleys along Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway after 5.12Wenchuan devastating earthquake[J].Journal of SichuanUniversity(Engineering Science Edition),2009,41(3):131-139.
[4]龚士良.地质灾害防治集对论优态共存准则[J].灾害学,2009,24(3):16-21.Gong S L.Superior coexistence criterion of geological disasterscontrol on set pair theory[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2009,24(3):16-21.
[5]汪月鹃.汶川震区北川县暴雨泥石流危险性评价[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.Wang Y J.Hazard assessment on rainstorm induced debris flowsin Beichuan county of Wenchuan Earthquake affected area[D].Master’s thesis,Chengdu University of Technology,2009.
[6]Rico M,Benito G,Barnolas A.Combined palaeoflood and rainfall-runoff assessment of mountain floods(Spanish Pyrenees)[J].International Journal of Hydrology,2001,245:59-72.
[7]龚士良.台湾的地震灾害及其环境地质问题[J].灾害学,2002,17(4):76-81.Gong S L.Earthquake disasters and their environmentalgeological problems in Taiwan[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2002,17(4):76-81.
[8]徐波,周申立,康艳梅,等.四川华蓥山地地质灾害类型及成因分析[J].上海地质,2006,27(1):33-36,40.Xu B,Zhou S L,Kang Y M,et al.The origin and type of themountainous gravity disaster in Huaying,Sichuan[J].ShanghaiGeology,2006,27(1):33-36,40.
[9]韦方强,谢洪,钟敦伦,等.西部山区城镇建设中的泥石流问题与减灾对策[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(4):23-28,52.Wei F Q,Xie H,Zhong D L,et al.Debris flow and its disastermitigation in the construction of mountain towns in westernChina[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2002,13(4):23-28,52.
[10]唐尧.基于3S的震后汶川潜在泥石流危险性评价研究[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2011.Tang Y.Hazard assessment on potential debris flows in Wenchuancounty after Wenchuan earthquake based on RS,GIS and GPS[D].Master’s thesis,Chengdu University of Technology,2011.
[11]刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:1-26,62-66.Liu X L,Tang C.Hazard assessment of debris flow[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995:1-26,62-66.
[12]唐川,朱静.城市泥石流风险评价探讨[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):383-388.Tang C,Zhu J.Approach for urban debris flow risk assessment[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(3):383-388.
[13]耿佳弟.甘洛县矿区乐日沟泥石流危险性评价[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2010.Geng J D.Hazard assessment of debris flow at Leri ditch of minearea in Ganluo county[D].Master’s thesis,Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2010.
[14]庄建琦,裴来政,丁明涛,等.潜在泥石流的界定与判识——以金沙江流域溪洛库区为例[J].灾害学,2009,24(4):86-93.Zhuang J Q,Pei L Z,Ding M T,et al.The definition andidentification of potential debris flow gully—taking the Xiluodureservoir area as an example[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2009,24(4):86-93.
[15]林皆敏.泉州市潜在地质安全隐患点特征与防治研究[J].上海国土资源,2011,32(4):88-92.Lin J M.Study on characteristics and prevention of potentialgeological danger points in Quanzhou city[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2011,32(4):88-92.
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