“构造–沉积分析”及其在沉积盆地中的应用
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摘要
构造沉积分析是基于高分辨率三维地震资料来精细刻画同沉积构造活动与沉积作用之间的动态演化过程、探讨构造与沉积作用间相互关系的一种分析思路。与构造地层学相比,构造沉积分析更强调三维地震处理和解释技术的应用,突出构造活动与沉积过程、沉积充填的动态响应。作者分别从同沉积构造的精细解剖、构造对沉积过程的控制和构造与沉积充填的响应等3个方面展示了近年来构造沉积分析的新思想和新进展。结合实例重点介绍了生长地层法、粒度分析法、地震处理和解释技术等手段在构造沉积分析中的应用,指出构造沉积分析方法在构造过程与沉积产物复杂性研究方面将得到进一步的应用和深化。
The tectono-sedimentary analysis uses 3D seismic data to study dynamic controls of synsedimentary tectonics on sedimentation evolution.It aims to construct the relationship between tectonics and sedimentation.Compared with tectonostratigraphy,the tectono-sedimentary analysis emphasizes application of 3D seismic technique,and tectonic dynamic controls on both sedimentary processes and sedimentary filling.This study provides new thoughts and developments of the tectono-sedimentary analysis in the following aspects: 1) tectonic analysis;2) tectonic controls on sedimentary processes;3) response relationship between tectonics and sedimentary filling.The analysis of growth strata,grain size and 3D seismic technique are the three key methods used for the tectono-sedimentary analysis,which will have further application and deepening in the complex research of tectonics processes and sedimentary products in future.
The tectono-sedimentary analysis uses 3D seismic data to study dynamic controls of synsedimentary tectonics on sedimentation evolution.It aims to construct the relationship between tectonics and sedimentation.Compared with tectonostratigraphy,the tectono-sedimentary analysis emphasizes application of 3D seismic technique,and tectonic dynamic controls on both sedimentary processes and sedimentary filling.This study provides new thoughts and developments of the tectono-sedimentary analysis in the following aspects: 1) tectonic analysis;2) tectonic controls on sedimentary processes;3) response relationship between tectonics and sedimentary filling.The analysis of growth strata,grain size and 3D seismic technique are the three key methods used for the tectono-sedimentary analysis,which will have further application and deepening in the complex research of tectonics processes and sedimentary products in future.
引文
[1]GAWTHORPE R L,COLELLA A.Tectonic controls oncoarse-grained delta depositional system in riftbasins[M]//COLELLE A,PRIOR D B.Coarse-grained deltas.International Association of Sedimentologists specialpublications.Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd,1990:113-120.
[2]李思田.论沉积盆地分析领域的追踪与创新[J].沉积学报,1992,12(3):10-15.
[3]陈守建,李荣社,计文化,等.昆仑造山带晚泥盆世沉积特征及构造古地理环境[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(1):44-51.
[4]CARTWRIGHT J,HUUSE M.3D seismic technology:thegeological‘Hubble’[J].Basin Research,2005,17(1):1-20.
[5]程日辉,游海涛.关于构造地层分析及其油气勘探中的应用[J].世界地质,2001,20(2):142-148.
[6]JACKSON J A,LEEDER M R.Drainage systems and thedevelopment of normal faults:an example from PleasantValley,Nevada[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1994,16:1041-1059.
[7]GAWTHORPE R L,SHARP I,UNDERHILL J R,et al.Linked sequence stratigraphic and structural evolution ofpropagation normal faults[J].Geology,1997,25(9):795-798.
[8]GUPTA S,COWIE P A,DAWERS N H,et al.A mechanismto explain rift-basin subsidence and stratigraphic patternsthrough fault-array evolution[J].Geology,1998,26:595-598.
[9]SHARP I R,GAWTHORPE R L,UNDERHILL J R,et al.Fault-propagation folding in extensional settings:Examplesof structural style and synrift sedimentary response from theSuez Rift,Sinai,Egypt[J].Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2000,112:1877-1899.
[10]COWIE P A,GUPTA S,DAWERS N H.Implications offault array evolution for synrift stratigraphy:insights from anumerical fault growth model[J].Basin Research,2000,12:241-261.
[11]DAWERS N H,UNDERHILL J R.The role of faultinteraction and linkage in controlling synrift stratigraphicsequences;Late Jurassic,Statfjord East area,northern NorthSea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84:45-64.
[12]PEACOCK D C P,SANDERSON D J.Displacement,segment linkage and relay ramps in normal fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(6):721-733.
[13]GUPTA A,SCHOLZ C H.A model of normal faultinteraction based on observation and theory[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,2000,22:865-879.
[14]MARCHAL D,GUIRAUD M,RIVES T.Geometric andmorphologic evolution of normal fault planes and tracesfrom 2D to 4D data[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25(1):135-158.
[15]GAWTHORPE R L,LEEDER M R.Tectono-sedimentaryevolution of active extensional basins[J].Basin Research,2000,12:195-218.
[16]RAVN S R,STEEL R.Architecture of marine rift-basinsuccessions[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82:110-146.
[17]张翠梅,刘晓峰,苏明.南堡凹陷老爷庙地区东营组构造-沉积分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(5):829-834.
[18]KHALIL S M,MCCLAY K R.Structural control on syn-riftsedimentation,northwestern Red Sea margin,Egypt[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):1108-1034.
[19]ROBERT S,JACKSON J.Active normal faulting in centralGreece:an overview[M]//ROBERTS A M,YIELDING G,FREEMAN B.The geometry of normal faults.SpecialPublication.London:Geological Society,1991,56:125-142.
[20]ELIET P P,GAWTHORPE R L.Drainage development andsediment supply within rifts,examples from the Sperchioesbasin,central Greece[J].Journal of the Geological Society,London,1995,152:883-893.
[21]COLLIER R,LEEDER M,JACKSON J.Quaternarydrainage development,sedimentary fluxes and extensionaltectonics in Greece[M]//LEWIN J,MACKLIN M,WOODWARD J.Mediterranean quaternary riverenvironments.Rotterdam:Balkena,1995:31-44.
[22]ALEXANDER J,LEEDER M R.Active tectonic control onalluvial architecture[M]//ETHRIDGE F G,FLORES R M,HARVEY M D.Recent Developments in FluvialSedimentology.Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists Special Publications.Tulsa:SEPM,1987,39:243-252.
[23]MAYNARD J R.2006.Fluvial response to active extension:evidence from 3D seismic data from the Frio Formation(Oligo-Miocene)of the Texas Gulf of Mexico Coast,USA[J].Sedimentology,53:515-536.
[24]PEAKALL J,LEEDER M,BEST J,et al.River response tolateral ground tilting:a synthesis and some implications forthe modelling of alluvial architecture in extensional basins[J].Basin Research,2000,12:413-424.
[25]OUCHI S.Response of alluvial rivers to slow activetectonics movement[J].Geological Society of AmericanBulletin,1985,96:504-515.
[26]SCHUMM S A.Sinuosity of alluvial channels on the GreatPlains[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1963,74:1089-1100.
[27]SCHUMM S A,KHAN H R.Experimental study of channelpatterns[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1972,83:1755-1770.
[28]VANDEN BERG J H.Prediction of alluvial channel patternof perennial rivers[J].Geomorphology,1995,12:259-279.
[29]DEPTUCK M E,STEFFENS G S,BARTON M,et al.Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on theNiger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,2003,20:649-676.
[30]SAMUEL A,KNELLER B,RASLAN S,et al.Prolificdeep-marine slope channels of the Nile Delta,Egypt[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(4):541-560.
[31]GUPTA S.Himalayan drainage patterns and the origin offluvial megafans in the Ganges foreland basin[J].Geology,1997,25:11-14.
[32]MüLLER K,TALLING P J.Geomorphic evidence for tearfaults accommodating lateral propagation of an activefault-bend fold,Wheeler Ridge,California[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,1997,19:397-411.
[33]GHASSEMI M R.Drainage evolution in response to foldgrowth in the hanging-wall of the Khazar fault,north-easternAlborz,Iran[J].Basin Research,2005,17:425-436.
[34]DART C J,COLLIER R E L,GAWTHORP R L,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of Pliocene-Quaternary syn-riftGilbert type deltas,northern Peloponnesos,Greece[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1994,11:545-560.
[35]HARDY S,DART C J,WALTHAM D.Computer modellingof the influence of tectonics on sequence architecture ofcoarse-grained fan deltas[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1994,11:561-574.
[36]YOUNG M J,GAWTHORPE R L,SHARP I R.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a transfer zonecoarse-grained delta,Miocene Suez Rift,Egypt[J].Sedimentology,2000,47:1081-1104.
[37]GUPTA S,UNDERHILL J R,SHARP I R,et al.Role offault interactions in controlling synrift sediment dispersalpatterns:Miocene,Abu Alaqa Group,Suez Rift,Sinai,Egypt[J].Basin Research,1999,11:167-189.
[38]PATTON T L.Numerical models of growth-sedimentdevelopment above an active monocline[J].Basin Research,2004,16:25-39.
[39]CASAS-SAINZ A M,SOTO-MARíNB R,GONZáLEZAá,et al.Folded onlap geometries:implications for recognitionof syn-sedimentary folds[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27:1644-1657.
[40]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-266.
[41]任建业,陆永潮,张青林.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):596-602.
[42]侯艳平,朱德丰,任延广,等.贝尔凹陷构造演化及其对沉积和油气的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):300-307.
[43]陈发景,贾庆素,张洪年.传递带及其在砂体发育中的作用[J].石油与天然气地质.2004,25(2):144-148.
[44]王家豪,王华,肖敦清,等.伸展构造体系中传递带的控砂作用——储层预测的新思路[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):19-25.
[45]解习农,任建业,焦养泉,等.断陷盆地构造作用与层序样式[J].地质论评,1996,42(3):239-244.
[46]陶晓风,刘登忠,朱利东.陆相盆地沉积作用与构造作用的关系[J].沉积学报,2001,19(3):410-414.
[47]林畅松,刘景彦,张英志,等.构造活动盆地的层序地层与构造地层分析——以中国中、新生代构造活动湖盆分析为例[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):365-374.
[48]GARCIA F G,FERNANDEZ J,VISERAS C,et al.Architecture and sedimentary facies evolution in a deltastack controlled by fault growth(Betic Cordillera,southernSpain,late Tortonian)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2006,185:79-92.
[49]VARBAN B L,PLINT A G.Sequence stacking patterns inthe Western Canada foredeep:influence of tectonics,sediment loading and eustasy on deposition of the UpperCretaceous Kaskapau and Cardium formation[J].Sedimentology,2008,55:395-421.
[50]SUN Z,ZHOU D,ZENG Z,et al.Dynamic analysis ofYinggehai basin through analogue modeling[J].Journal ofChina University of Geosciences,2000,11(1):79-83.
[51]SUPPE J,CHOU G T,HOOK S C.Rates of folding andfaulting determined from growth strata[M]//MCCLAY K R.Thrust Tectonics.London:Chapman and Hall,1992:105-121.
[52]POBLET J,MCCLAY K,STORTI F,et al.Geometries ofsyntectonic sediments associated with single-layerdetachment folds[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19(3-4):369-381.
[53]STORTI F,POBLET J.Growth stratal architecturesassociated to decollement folds and fault-propagation folds,inferences on fold kinematics[J].Tectonophysics,1997,282:353-373.
[54]胡宗全.层序地层研究的新思路——构造-层序地层研究[J].现代地质,2004,18(4):549-554.
[55]ZHANG CUIMEI,LIU XIAOFENG,REN JIANYE.Tectonic-hydrocarbon accumulation analysis of Laoyemiaoregion in Nanpu depression,Bohaiwan basin[J].ActaGeologica Sinica(English edition),2009,83(5):802-813.
[56]YOUNG M J,GAWTHORPE R L,HARDY S.Growth andlinkage of a segmented normal fault zone;the Late JurassicMurchison-Statfjord North Fault,Northern North Sea[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2001,23:1933-1952.
[2]李思田.论沉积盆地分析领域的追踪与创新[J].沉积学报,1992,12(3):10-15.
[3]陈守建,李荣社,计文化,等.昆仑造山带晚泥盆世沉积特征及构造古地理环境[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(1):44-51.
[4]CARTWRIGHT J,HUUSE M.3D seismic technology:thegeological‘Hubble’[J].Basin Research,2005,17(1):1-20.
[5]程日辉,游海涛.关于构造地层分析及其油气勘探中的应用[J].世界地质,2001,20(2):142-148.
[6]JACKSON J A,LEEDER M R.Drainage systems and thedevelopment of normal faults:an example from PleasantValley,Nevada[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1994,16:1041-1059.
[7]GAWTHORPE R L,SHARP I,UNDERHILL J R,et al.Linked sequence stratigraphic and structural evolution ofpropagation normal faults[J].Geology,1997,25(9):795-798.
[8]GUPTA S,COWIE P A,DAWERS N H,et al.A mechanismto explain rift-basin subsidence and stratigraphic patternsthrough fault-array evolution[J].Geology,1998,26:595-598.
[9]SHARP I R,GAWTHORPE R L,UNDERHILL J R,et al.Fault-propagation folding in extensional settings:Examplesof structural style and synrift sedimentary response from theSuez Rift,Sinai,Egypt[J].Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2000,112:1877-1899.
[10]COWIE P A,GUPTA S,DAWERS N H.Implications offault array evolution for synrift stratigraphy:insights from anumerical fault growth model[J].Basin Research,2000,12:241-261.
[11]DAWERS N H,UNDERHILL J R.The role of faultinteraction and linkage in controlling synrift stratigraphicsequences;Late Jurassic,Statfjord East area,northern NorthSea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84:45-64.
[12]PEACOCK D C P,SANDERSON D J.Displacement,segment linkage and relay ramps in normal fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(6):721-733.
[13]GUPTA A,SCHOLZ C H.A model of normal faultinteraction based on observation and theory[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,2000,22:865-879.
[14]MARCHAL D,GUIRAUD M,RIVES T.Geometric andmorphologic evolution of normal fault planes and tracesfrom 2D to 4D data[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25(1):135-158.
[15]GAWTHORPE R L,LEEDER M R.Tectono-sedimentaryevolution of active extensional basins[J].Basin Research,2000,12:195-218.
[16]RAVN S R,STEEL R.Architecture of marine rift-basinsuccessions[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82:110-146.
[17]张翠梅,刘晓峰,苏明.南堡凹陷老爷庙地区东营组构造-沉积分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(5):829-834.
[18]KHALIL S M,MCCLAY K R.Structural control on syn-riftsedimentation,northwestern Red Sea margin,Egypt[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):1108-1034.
[19]ROBERT S,JACKSON J.Active normal faulting in centralGreece:an overview[M]//ROBERTS A M,YIELDING G,FREEMAN B.The geometry of normal faults.SpecialPublication.London:Geological Society,1991,56:125-142.
[20]ELIET P P,GAWTHORPE R L.Drainage development andsediment supply within rifts,examples from the Sperchioesbasin,central Greece[J].Journal of the Geological Society,London,1995,152:883-893.
[21]COLLIER R,LEEDER M,JACKSON J.Quaternarydrainage development,sedimentary fluxes and extensionaltectonics in Greece[M]//LEWIN J,MACKLIN M,WOODWARD J.Mediterranean quaternary riverenvironments.Rotterdam:Balkena,1995:31-44.
[22]ALEXANDER J,LEEDER M R.Active tectonic control onalluvial architecture[M]//ETHRIDGE F G,FLORES R M,HARVEY M D.Recent Developments in FluvialSedimentology.Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists Special Publications.Tulsa:SEPM,1987,39:243-252.
[23]MAYNARD J R.2006.Fluvial response to active extension:evidence from 3D seismic data from the Frio Formation(Oligo-Miocene)of the Texas Gulf of Mexico Coast,USA[J].Sedimentology,53:515-536.
[24]PEAKALL J,LEEDER M,BEST J,et al.River response tolateral ground tilting:a synthesis and some implications forthe modelling of alluvial architecture in extensional basins[J].Basin Research,2000,12:413-424.
[25]OUCHI S.Response of alluvial rivers to slow activetectonics movement[J].Geological Society of AmericanBulletin,1985,96:504-515.
[26]SCHUMM S A.Sinuosity of alluvial channels on the GreatPlains[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1963,74:1089-1100.
[27]SCHUMM S A,KHAN H R.Experimental study of channelpatterns[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1972,83:1755-1770.
[28]VANDEN BERG J H.Prediction of alluvial channel patternof perennial rivers[J].Geomorphology,1995,12:259-279.
[29]DEPTUCK M E,STEFFENS G S,BARTON M,et al.Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on theNiger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,2003,20:649-676.
[30]SAMUEL A,KNELLER B,RASLAN S,et al.Prolificdeep-marine slope channels of the Nile Delta,Egypt[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(4):541-560.
[31]GUPTA S.Himalayan drainage patterns and the origin offluvial megafans in the Ganges foreland basin[J].Geology,1997,25:11-14.
[32]MüLLER K,TALLING P J.Geomorphic evidence for tearfaults accommodating lateral propagation of an activefault-bend fold,Wheeler Ridge,California[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,1997,19:397-411.
[33]GHASSEMI M R.Drainage evolution in response to foldgrowth in the hanging-wall of the Khazar fault,north-easternAlborz,Iran[J].Basin Research,2005,17:425-436.
[34]DART C J,COLLIER R E L,GAWTHORP R L,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of Pliocene-Quaternary syn-riftGilbert type deltas,northern Peloponnesos,Greece[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1994,11:545-560.
[35]HARDY S,DART C J,WALTHAM D.Computer modellingof the influence of tectonics on sequence architecture ofcoarse-grained fan deltas[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1994,11:561-574.
[36]YOUNG M J,GAWTHORPE R L,SHARP I R.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a transfer zonecoarse-grained delta,Miocene Suez Rift,Egypt[J].Sedimentology,2000,47:1081-1104.
[37]GUPTA S,UNDERHILL J R,SHARP I R,et al.Role offault interactions in controlling synrift sediment dispersalpatterns:Miocene,Abu Alaqa Group,Suez Rift,Sinai,Egypt[J].Basin Research,1999,11:167-189.
[38]PATTON T L.Numerical models of growth-sedimentdevelopment above an active monocline[J].Basin Research,2004,16:25-39.
[39]CASAS-SAINZ A M,SOTO-MARíNB R,GONZáLEZAá,et al.Folded onlap geometries:implications for recognitionof syn-sedimentary folds[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27:1644-1657.
[40]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-266.
[41]任建业,陆永潮,张青林.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):596-602.
[42]侯艳平,朱德丰,任延广,等.贝尔凹陷构造演化及其对沉积和油气的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):300-307.
[43]陈发景,贾庆素,张洪年.传递带及其在砂体发育中的作用[J].石油与天然气地质.2004,25(2):144-148.
[44]王家豪,王华,肖敦清,等.伸展构造体系中传递带的控砂作用——储层预测的新思路[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):19-25.
[45]解习农,任建业,焦养泉,等.断陷盆地构造作用与层序样式[J].地质论评,1996,42(3):239-244.
[46]陶晓风,刘登忠,朱利东.陆相盆地沉积作用与构造作用的关系[J].沉积学报,2001,19(3):410-414.
[47]林畅松,刘景彦,张英志,等.构造活动盆地的层序地层与构造地层分析——以中国中、新生代构造活动湖盆分析为例[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):365-374.
[48]GARCIA F G,FERNANDEZ J,VISERAS C,et al.Architecture and sedimentary facies evolution in a deltastack controlled by fault growth(Betic Cordillera,southernSpain,late Tortonian)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2006,185:79-92.
[49]VARBAN B L,PLINT A G.Sequence stacking patterns inthe Western Canada foredeep:influence of tectonics,sediment loading and eustasy on deposition of the UpperCretaceous Kaskapau and Cardium formation[J].Sedimentology,2008,55:395-421.
[50]SUN Z,ZHOU D,ZENG Z,et al.Dynamic analysis ofYinggehai basin through analogue modeling[J].Journal ofChina University of Geosciences,2000,11(1):79-83.
[51]SUPPE J,CHOU G T,HOOK S C.Rates of folding andfaulting determined from growth strata[M]//MCCLAY K R.Thrust Tectonics.London:Chapman and Hall,1992:105-121.
[52]POBLET J,MCCLAY K,STORTI F,et al.Geometries ofsyntectonic sediments associated with single-layerdetachment folds[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19(3-4):369-381.
[53]STORTI F,POBLET J.Growth stratal architecturesassociated to decollement folds and fault-propagation folds,inferences on fold kinematics[J].Tectonophysics,1997,282:353-373.
[54]胡宗全.层序地层研究的新思路——构造-层序地层研究[J].现代地质,2004,18(4):549-554.
[55]ZHANG CUIMEI,LIU XIAOFENG,REN JIANYE.Tectonic-hydrocarbon accumulation analysis of Laoyemiaoregion in Nanpu depression,Bohaiwan basin[J].ActaGeologica Sinica(English edition),2009,83(5):802-813.
[56]YOUNG M J,GAWTHORPE R L,HARDY S.Growth andlinkage of a segmented normal fault zone;the Late JurassicMurchison-Statfjord North Fault,Northern North Sea[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2001,23:1933-1952.
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