地球深内部探测及动力学研究
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摘要
近20年来人类对于地球深内部的探测和认识已经上升到一个新的层次,滋生出许多新的研究热点。一系列最新发现集中于地球深内部研究领域。简述了这一领域研究的成果,探讨其未来发展和研究的方向。
The geoscience has focused on the explorations of the Earth's deep interiors and its dynamics for a long time.In the past twenty years the study in this area reached a new stage and a series of new discoveries had been published.In this article,we review the main results obtained from the studies so far and explore its developments in the future.
The geoscience has focused on the explorations of the Earth's deep interiors and its dynamics for a long time.In the past twenty years the study in this area reached a new stage and a series of new discoveries had been published.In this article,we review the main results obtained from the studies so far and explore its developments in the future.
引文
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2 Ni Sidao,et al.Sharp sides to the African superplume[J].Science,2002,(296):1 850-1 852.
3 Glatzmaier G A and Roberts PH.A 3-dimensional convec-tive dynamo solution with rotating and finitely conducting in-ner-core and mantle[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter.,1995,91(1–3):63-75.
4 Song X D and Richards P G.Seismological evidence for dif-ferential rotation of the Earth’s inner core[J].Nature,1996,(382):221-224.
5 Su W,Dziewonski A M and Jeanloz R.Planet within a plan-et:rotation of the inner core of the Earth[J].Science,1996,(274):1 883-1 887.
6 Koper Keith D,et al.Evidence for small-scale heterogenei-ty in Earth’s inner core from a global study of PKiKP codawaves[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,(228):227-241.
7 Krasnoshchekov,et al.Seismological evidence for mosaicstructure of the surface of the Earth’s inner core[J].Na-ture,2005,(435):483-487.
8 Wen Lianxing.Localized temporal change of the Earth’s in-ner core boundary[J].Science,2006,(314):967-970.
9 Murakami,et al.Post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3[J].Science,2004,(304):855-858.
10 Wookey J,et al.Efficacy of the post-perovskite phase asan explanation for lowermost-mantle seismic properties[J].Nature,2005,(438):1 004-1 007.
11 Hernlund John W,et al.A doubling of the post-perovskitephase boundary and structure of the Earth’s lowermostmantle[J].Nature,2005,(434):882-886.
12 Anderson and Don L.The scales of mantle convection[J].Tectonophysics,1998,(284):1-17.
13 Trompert R and Hansen U.Mantle convection simulationswith rheologies that generate plate-like behaviour[J].Na-ture,1998,(395):686-689.
14 Tackley P J.Mantle convection and plate tectonics:Towardan integrated physical and chemical theory[J].Science,2000,(288):2 002-2 007.
15 Kelloge B,et al.Stratification in the deep mantle[J].Sci-ence,1999,(283):1 881-1 884.
16 Davaille A.Simultaneous generation of hotspots and super-swells by convection in a heterogeneous planetary mantle[J].Nature,1999,(402):756-760.
17 Van Keken P and Shijie Zhong.Mixing in a 3D sphericalmodel of present-day mantle convection[J].Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,1999,(171):533-547.
18傅容珊,等.现代板块驱动地幔块体置换度及地幔混合的研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1409-1417.(Fu Rongshan,et al.Study of the mantle mixing driving byplate motions[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,5-(5):1409-1417)
19 Lay T,et al.Partial melting in a thermo-chemical boundarylayer at the base of the mantle[J].Physics of the Earthand Planetary Interiors,2004,(146):441-467.
20 Morgan W J.Convection plumes in the lower mantle[J].Nature,1971,(230):42-43.
21 Bijwaard H and Spakman W.Closing the gap between re-gional and global travel time Tomography[J].J Geophy Res.,1998,(103):30 055-30 078.
22 Van der Voo R,Spakman W and Bijiwaard H.Tethyan sub-ducted slab under India[J].Earth.Plant Sci Lett.,1999a,(171):7-20.
23 Van der Voo R.Mesozonic subducted slab under Siberia[J].Nature,1999b,(21):246-249.
24 Fu R S,et al.Effect of rheology structure to flow patternsdriving by density anomaly in mantle[J].Chinese J Geo-phys.,2005,48(4):900-910.
25 Jarvis G T and Lowman J P.Sinking slabs below fossil sub-duction zones[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter.,2005,(152):103-115.
26 Jarvis Gary T,Julian P and Lowman.Survival times of sub-ducted slab remnants in numerical models of mantle flow[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,(26):23-36.
27 Ristema J,et al.Complex shear wave velocity structure im-aged beneath Africa and Iceland[J].Science,1999,(286):1925-1928.
28 Goes S,Spakman W and Bijwaard H.A low source for cen-tral European volcanism[J].Science,1999,(286):1 928-1 932.
29 Zhao D.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes andsubducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2004,(146):3-34.
30 Lei Jianshe and Dapeng Zhao.A new insight into the Ha-waiian plume[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,(241):438-453.
31 Roman L and Smith H J.The terrestrial web[J].Science,2000,(288):1 983
32傅容珊,等.地幔对流与深部物质运移研究的新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):170-179.(FuRongshan,et al.Advancements in the study of mantle con-vection and the material movements in the deep earth interi-or[J].Progress in Geophysics,20-05,20(1):170-179)
2 Ni Sidao,et al.Sharp sides to the African superplume[J].Science,2002,(296):1 850-1 852.
3 Glatzmaier G A and Roberts PH.A 3-dimensional convec-tive dynamo solution with rotating and finitely conducting in-ner-core and mantle[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter.,1995,91(1–3):63-75.
4 Song X D and Richards P G.Seismological evidence for dif-ferential rotation of the Earth’s inner core[J].Nature,1996,(382):221-224.
5 Su W,Dziewonski A M and Jeanloz R.Planet within a plan-et:rotation of the inner core of the Earth[J].Science,1996,(274):1 883-1 887.
6 Koper Keith D,et al.Evidence for small-scale heterogenei-ty in Earth’s inner core from a global study of PKiKP codawaves[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,(228):227-241.
7 Krasnoshchekov,et al.Seismological evidence for mosaicstructure of the surface of the Earth’s inner core[J].Na-ture,2005,(435):483-487.
8 Wen Lianxing.Localized temporal change of the Earth’s in-ner core boundary[J].Science,2006,(314):967-970.
9 Murakami,et al.Post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3[J].Science,2004,(304):855-858.
10 Wookey J,et al.Efficacy of the post-perovskite phase asan explanation for lowermost-mantle seismic properties[J].Nature,2005,(438):1 004-1 007.
11 Hernlund John W,et al.A doubling of the post-perovskitephase boundary and structure of the Earth’s lowermostmantle[J].Nature,2005,(434):882-886.
12 Anderson and Don L.The scales of mantle convection[J].Tectonophysics,1998,(284):1-17.
13 Trompert R and Hansen U.Mantle convection simulationswith rheologies that generate plate-like behaviour[J].Na-ture,1998,(395):686-689.
14 Tackley P J.Mantle convection and plate tectonics:Towardan integrated physical and chemical theory[J].Science,2000,(288):2 002-2 007.
15 Kelloge B,et al.Stratification in the deep mantle[J].Sci-ence,1999,(283):1 881-1 884.
16 Davaille A.Simultaneous generation of hotspots and super-swells by convection in a heterogeneous planetary mantle[J].Nature,1999,(402):756-760.
17 Van Keken P and Shijie Zhong.Mixing in a 3D sphericalmodel of present-day mantle convection[J].Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,1999,(171):533-547.
18傅容珊,等.现代板块驱动地幔块体置换度及地幔混合的研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1409-1417.(Fu Rongshan,et al.Study of the mantle mixing driving byplate motions[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,5-(5):1409-1417)
19 Lay T,et al.Partial melting in a thermo-chemical boundarylayer at the base of the mantle[J].Physics of the Earthand Planetary Interiors,2004,(146):441-467.
20 Morgan W J.Convection plumes in the lower mantle[J].Nature,1971,(230):42-43.
21 Bijwaard H and Spakman W.Closing the gap between re-gional and global travel time Tomography[J].J Geophy Res.,1998,(103):30 055-30 078.
22 Van der Voo R,Spakman W and Bijiwaard H.Tethyan sub-ducted slab under India[J].Earth.Plant Sci Lett.,1999a,(171):7-20.
23 Van der Voo R.Mesozonic subducted slab under Siberia[J].Nature,1999b,(21):246-249.
24 Fu R S,et al.Effect of rheology structure to flow patternsdriving by density anomaly in mantle[J].Chinese J Geo-phys.,2005,48(4):900-910.
25 Jarvis G T and Lowman J P.Sinking slabs below fossil sub-duction zones[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter.,2005,(152):103-115.
26 Jarvis Gary T,Julian P and Lowman.Survival times of sub-ducted slab remnants in numerical models of mantle flow[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,(26):23-36.
27 Ristema J,et al.Complex shear wave velocity structure im-aged beneath Africa and Iceland[J].Science,1999,(286):1925-1928.
28 Goes S,Spakman W and Bijwaard H.A low source for cen-tral European volcanism[J].Science,1999,(286):1 928-1 932.
29 Zhao D.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes andsubducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2004,(146):3-34.
30 Lei Jianshe and Dapeng Zhao.A new insight into the Ha-waiian plume[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,(241):438-453.
31 Roman L and Smith H J.The terrestrial web[J].Science,2000,(288):1 983
32傅容珊,等.地幔对流与深部物质运移研究的新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):170-179.(FuRongshan,et al.Advancements in the study of mantle con-vection and the material movements in the deep earth interi-or[J].Progress in Geophysics,20-05,20(1):170-179)
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