下刚果盆地构造特征及油气勘探潜力
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摘要
下刚果盆地位于西非海岸,为一中生代裂谷与被动大陆边缘叠合盆地.盆地被阿普特期盐岩分为盐上及盐下构造层,上下两层构造特征差异明显.盐下以早期裂陷晚期坳陷为特征,盐上地层受盐岩运动和构造背景的双重影响,由东到西分为拉张带、过渡带及挤压带.盆地目前已证实的重要的成藏组合有三套,即盐下裂谷成藏组合、盐下-盐上成藏组合与第三系成藏组合.综合分析认为水深大于2000m深水区是盐上浊积砂体潜力最大的地区,浅水地区为盐上碳酸盐岩潜力区,而大西洋枢纽带两侧为盐下勘探潜力区.
Lower Congo Basin,which is located in West Africa coast,is a superimposed basin of a continental rift basin and a passive continental margin basin.The basin is divided to pre-salt and post-salt tectonic layers by Aptian salt and two layers are of obvious differences in structural characteristic. Pre-salt structure is characterized by early rift and late depression.Post-salt structure is affected by salt movement and tectonic background,with a division of extensional,transitional and compressive belt from east to west.In present three important plays have been proved,which are pre-salt play,pre-salt and post-salt play and Tertiary play.Integrated geological analyses show that the exploratory potential area of turbidite sand of post-salt is the deep-water region with water depth over 2000m,that of carbonate of post-salt is shallow water region and that of pre-salt is lateral Atlantic hinge zone.
Lower Congo Basin,which is located in West Africa coast,is a superimposed basin of a continental rift basin and a passive continental margin basin.The basin is divided to pre-salt and post-salt tectonic layers by Aptian salt and two layers are of obvious differences in structural characteristic. Pre-salt structure is characterized by early rift and late depression.Post-salt structure is affected by salt movement and tectonic background,with a division of extensional,transitional and compressive belt from east to west.In present three important plays have been proved,which are pre-salt play,pre-salt and post-salt play and Tertiary play.Integrated geological analyses show that the exploratory potential area of turbidite sand of post-salt is the deep-water region with water depth over 2000m,that of carbonate of post-salt is shallow water region and that of pre-salt is lateral Atlantic hinge zone.
引文
[1]熊利平,刘延莉,霍红.西非海岸南、北两段主要含油气盆地油气成藏特征对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(4):410-419.Xiong L P,Liu Y L,Huo H.Comparison of the hydrocarbonaccumulation patterns of petroliferous basins between thenorth and south parts of the West African coast[J].Oil&GasGeology(in Chinese),2010,31(4):410-419.
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[16]张洁,尹宏伟,孟令森,等.主动底辟盐构造的二维离散元模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1924-1930.Zhang J,Yin H W,Meng L S,et al.Simulation of activesalt domes using 2Ddiscrete element method[J].Progress inGeophys(in Chinese),2008,23(6):1924-1930.
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[18]丁汝鑫,陈文学,熊利平,等.下刚果盆地油气成藏主控因素与勘探方向[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(5):32-35.Ding R X,Chen W X,Xiong L P,et al.Main factorscontrolling hydrocarbon accumulation and explorationorientation in Lower Congo Basin[J].Special Oil and GasReservoirs(in Chinese),2009,16(5):32-35.
[19]吕福亮,贺训云,武金云,等.安哥拉下刚果盆地吉拉索尔深水油田[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(1):37-42.LüF L,He X Y,Wu J Y,et al.Girassol deepwater oil fieldin lower Congo Basin,Angola[J].Marine Origin PetroleumGeology(in Chinese),2007,12(1):37-42.
[20]Anderson J E,Cartwringht J,Drysdall S J.Controls on turbiditesand deposition during gravity-driven extension of a passivemargin:Examples from Miocene sediments in Block 4,Angola[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(10):1165-1203.
[21]关利群,屈红军,张功成,等.世界主要深水盆地圈闭特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(4):209-215.Guan L Q,Qu H J,Zhang G C,et al.Trap characteristics ofthe main deep-water basins in the world[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2010,30(4):209-215.
[22]林卫东,陈文学,熊利平,等.西非海岸盆地油气成藏主控因素及勘探潜力[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):450-455.Lin W D,Chen W X,Xiong L P,et al.Pool formingconstrains and the hydrocarbon exploration potential of theWest Africa coast basins[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment(in Chinese),2008,30(5):450-455.
[23]张树林,邓运华.下刚果盆地油气勘探策略[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(9):24-29.Zhang S L,Deng Y H.Oil and gas exploratory strategy ofLower Congo Basin[J].Marine Geology Letters(inChinese),2009,25(9):24-29.
[24]邓荣敬,邓运华,于水,等.西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果及勘探潜力分析[J].海洋石油,2008,28(3):11-20.Deng R J,Deng Y H,Yu S,et al.Hydrocarbon explorationachievemetns and exploration potential of coastal basins inWest Africa[J].Offshore Oil(in Chinese),2008,28(3):11-20.
[2]熊利平,王骏,殷进垠,等.西非构造演化及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5):641-646.Xiong L P,Wang J,Yin J Y,et al.Tectonic evolution and itscontrol on hydrocarbon accumulation in West Africa[J].Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),2005,26(5):641-646.
[3]马君,刘剑平,潘校华,等.西非被动大陆边缘构造演化特征及动力学背景[J].中国石油勘探,2008,(3):60-65.Ma J,Liu J P,Pan X H,et al.Evolution characteristics anddynamic background of passive continental margin structure inWest Africa[J].China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),2008,(3):60-65.
[4]Dickson W G,Fryklund R E,Odegard M E,eta l.Constraints forplate reconstruction using gravity data:Implications for sourceand reservoir distribution in Brazilian and West African marginbasins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(3-4):309-323.
[5]李旭.西非地区的石油地质特征[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(13):230-231.Li X.Petroleum geology features in West Africa[J].Journalof Oil and Gas Technology(in Chinese),2006,28(13):230-231.
[6]Karner G D,Driscoll N W,McGinnis J P,et al.Tectonicsignificance of syn-rift sediment packages across the Gabon-Cabinda continental margin[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,1997,14:973-1000.
[7]Brouckea O,Templeb F,Rouby D,et al.The role of deformationprocesses on the geometry of mud-dominated turbiditicsystems,Oligocene and Lower-Middle Miocene of the LowerCongo basin(West African Margin)[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,2004,21(3):327-348.
[8]Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,et al.Polygonal faults-furrowssystem related to early stages of compaction-upper Mioceneto recent sediments of the Lower Congo Basin[J].BasinResearch,2004,16(1):101-116.
[9]Andresen K J,Huuse M.‘Bulls-eye’pockmarks and polygonalfaulting in the Lower Congo Basin:Relative timing andimplications for fluid expulsion during shallow burial[J].Marine Geology,2011,279(1-4):111-127.
[10]Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,eta l.Isolated seafloor pockmarkslinked to BSRs,fluid chimneys,polygonal faults and stackedOligocene-Miocene turbiditic palaeochannels in the LowerCongo Basin[J].Marine Geology,2006,226(1-2):25-40.
[11]Duval B,Cramez C,Jackson M P.Raft tectonics in the Kwanzabasin,Angola[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1992,9(4):389-404.
[12]Lundin E R.Thin-skinned extensional tectonics on a saltdetachment,northern Kwanza Basin,Angola[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,1992,9(4):405-411.
[13]刘剑平,潘校华,马君,等.西部非洲地区油气地质特征及资源概述[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(3):378-387.Liu J P,Pan X H,Ma J,et al.Petroleum geology andresources in West Africa:An overview[J].PetroleumExploration and Development(in Chinese),2008,35(3):378-387.
[14]Rouby D,Raillard S,Guillocheau F,et al.Kinematics of agrowth fault/raft system on the West African margin using 3-D restoration[J].J.Struct.Geol.,2002,24(4):783-796.
[15]Valle P J,Gjelberg J G,Helland-Hansen W.Tectonostratigraphicdevelopment in the eastern lower Congo Basin,offshoreAngola,West Africa[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18(8):909-927.
[16]张洁,尹宏伟,孟令森,等.主动底辟盐构造的二维离散元模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1924-1930.Zhang J,Yin H W,Meng L S,et al.Simulation of activesalt domes using 2Ddiscrete element method[J].Progress inGeophys(in Chinese),2008,23(6):1924-1930.
[17]刘祚冬,李江海.西非被动大陆边缘盆地盐构造对油气的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):196-202.Liu Z D,Li J H.Control of salt structures on hydrocarbonsin the passive continental margin of West Africa[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2011,38(2):196-202.
[18]丁汝鑫,陈文学,熊利平,等.下刚果盆地油气成藏主控因素与勘探方向[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(5):32-35.Ding R X,Chen W X,Xiong L P,et al.Main factorscontrolling hydrocarbon accumulation and explorationorientation in Lower Congo Basin[J].Special Oil and GasReservoirs(in Chinese),2009,16(5):32-35.
[19]吕福亮,贺训云,武金云,等.安哥拉下刚果盆地吉拉索尔深水油田[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(1):37-42.LüF L,He X Y,Wu J Y,et al.Girassol deepwater oil fieldin lower Congo Basin,Angola[J].Marine Origin PetroleumGeology(in Chinese),2007,12(1):37-42.
[20]Anderson J E,Cartwringht J,Drysdall S J.Controls on turbiditesand deposition during gravity-driven extension of a passivemargin:Examples from Miocene sediments in Block 4,Angola[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(10):1165-1203.
[21]关利群,屈红军,张功成,等.世界主要深水盆地圈闭特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(4):209-215.Guan L Q,Qu H J,Zhang G C,et al.Trap characteristics ofthe main deep-water basins in the world[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2010,30(4):209-215.
[22]林卫东,陈文学,熊利平,等.西非海岸盆地油气成藏主控因素及勘探潜力[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):450-455.Lin W D,Chen W X,Xiong L P,et al.Pool formingconstrains and the hydrocarbon exploration potential of theWest Africa coast basins[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment(in Chinese),2008,30(5):450-455.
[23]张树林,邓运华.下刚果盆地油气勘探策略[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(9):24-29.Zhang S L,Deng Y H.Oil and gas exploratory strategy ofLower Congo Basin[J].Marine Geology Letters(inChinese),2009,25(9):24-29.
[24]邓荣敬,邓运华,于水,等.西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果及勘探潜力分析[J].海洋石油,2008,28(3):11-20.Deng R J,Deng Y H,Yu S,et al.Hydrocarbon explorationachievemetns and exploration potential of coastal basins inWest Africa[J].Offshore Oil(in Chinese),2008,28(3):11-20.
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