提高初至波二次定位精度技术的探讨
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摘要
检波器二次定位是浅海地震资料采集的关键技术之一。影响二次定位精度的因素较多,为此,对初至波二次定位精度的影响因素和提高定位精度的技术进行了系统的分析研究。重点讨论了初至拾取的精度控制、关联炮点的选择、速度参数的确定和检波点位置的求解算法等。认为初至拾取是影响定位精度的主要因素,合理选择拾取初至波的地震道、依据数据的信噪比选择合适的初至拾取方式,以及合理选择关联炮点等是提高定位精度的有效措施。设计了5种精度分析措施,可以进行单点和整条拖缆的定位精度误差评价。将提高定位精度的方法应用于山东龙口某浅海地区,并与一次定位和水鸟系统二次定位的结果做对比,结果表明,该方法可以更好地提高地震资料的品质,并具有较好的适应性。
The secondary positioning technique of receivers is one of the key technologies for seismic acquisition in shallow sea.Many factors impact the accuracy of secondary positioning.Therefore,the factors impacting the accuracy of secondary positioning and the technologies improving accuracy were analyzed and studied systematically. The analysis focuses on some key factors,including precision control of first break picking,selection of related source points,identification of velocity parameters,computation algorithm of receiving points,etc.After analysis,we think first break picking is the main factor for impacting the positioning accuracy,and give effective measurements for improving positioning accuracy,including selecting favorable seismic traces for picking first break,selecting favorable picking approach based on S/N of seismic data,and selecting favorable related source points.Five accuracy analysis measurements were designed,which can be used to evaluate the positioning accuracy error of one point or one towing.The measurements are applied to one shallow area at Longkou,Shandong.The results were compared with the results of first positioning and secondary positioning by Water Bird system The result indicates that the method can better improve the quality of seismic data,and has good adaptiveness.
The secondary positioning technique of receivers is one of the key technologies for seismic acquisition in shallow sea.Many factors impact the accuracy of secondary positioning.Therefore,the factors impacting the accuracy of secondary positioning and the technologies improving accuracy were analyzed and studied systematically. The analysis focuses on some key factors,including precision control of first break picking,selection of related source points,identification of velocity parameters,computation algorithm of receiving points,etc.After analysis,we think first break picking is the main factor for impacting the positioning accuracy,and give effective measurements for improving positioning accuracy,including selecting favorable seismic traces for picking first break,selecting favorable picking approach based on S/N of seismic data,and selecting favorable related source points.Five accuracy analysis measurements were designed,which can be used to evaluate the positioning accuracy error of one point or one towing.The measurements are applied to one shallow area at Longkou,Shandong.The results were compared with the results of first positioning and secondary positioning by Water Bird system The result indicates that the method can better improve the quality of seismic data,and has good adaptiveness.
引文
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2曾湘轶,杨文艳.浅析海底电缆地震采集作业二次定位系统[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(20):220- 226
3冯凯,陈刚,罗敏学.二次定位技术的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):346-349
4韩立强,常稳.海底电缆初至波二次定位技术的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):501-504,512
5杨正华,常军.海底电缆地震中二次定位法的探讨[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):330-333
6宁静,刘志田,吴学兵,等.海底水听器的低频声纳—初至波联合定位方法研究[J].石油仪器,2005,19(1): 39-42
7吴学兵,刘志田,宁静.海洋石油勘探水听器二次定位新方法研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), ??2006,20(5):23-26
8张振宇.折射波法检波器二次定位[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(2):22-24
9王成礼,宋玉龙,付强,等.检波器二次剩余定位方法与效果[J].石油物探,2007,46(5):505-508
10倪成洲,全海燕,陈刚,等.一种高精度初至波二次定位新方法——搜索法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008, 43(2):131-133,157
11王建华.地震波初至自动拾取算法研究及三分量测井系统软件设计[D].长沙:中南大学,2007
12王金峰,罗省贤,李录明.改进的神经网络并行算法及其在地震初至拾取中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(3):348-353
13刘志成.初至智能拾取技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(5): 521-530
14李辉峰,邹强,金文昱.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155
15潘树林,高磊,周熙襄,等.基于单道边界检测和样条插值的初至波自动拾取[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):245- 249
16詹毅,钟本善.利用小波变换提高地震波初至拾取的精确度[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004, 31(6):703-707
17张军华,赵勇,赵爱国,等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4): 309-312
18陈立新,王振华.SMODEL层析反演近地表模型静校正[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):128-129
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