甘肃舟曲2010年8月8日特大山洪泥石流灾害的基本特征及成因
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摘要
2010年8月8日0时12分,甘肃省舟曲县城区及上游村庄遭受特大山洪泥石流灾害,造成1467人遇难和298人失踪。三眼峪、罗家峪2条山洪泥石流沟共冲出固体堆积物181×104m3。三眼峪山洪泥石流前锋从出山口到达县城的运动时间约为2.1min,罗家峪山洪泥石流前锋从出山口到达县城的运动时间约为4.3min。二者自出山口距离县城均约2km。舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害的形成因素包括:该地历史上就是山洪泥石流灾害多发地,山高沟深具备强大冲击的重力势能条件,沟域崩塌滑坡堆积提供了物源,历史地震导致山体松动破碎,2010年以来区域持续干旱造成雨水更易渗入岩土体,8月7日的局地过程降水量远超过历史记载,山洪泥石流暴发的突然性、毁灭性,舟曲县城部分建筑占用了山洪泥石流进入白龙江的通道等。
The Zhouqu event happened at 0∶12 of Aug.8,2010 in Zhouqu County of Gansu Province of China.It is an oversize mountain torrent-debris flow disaster which brought about momentous casualty and loss of belongings.It is finished with Aug.30.There are 1467 death and 298 lost having been discovered in this disaster.It is calculated for that total volume of the solid deposits are 181×104m3 which rush out from Sanyanyu and Luojiayu gullies through grid calculation.The movement time from two mountains to Zhouqu County is separately 2.1 minutes for Sanyanyu and 4.3 minutes for Luojiayu on velocity calculation of the mountain torrent head in different sections in this disaster.The distances from two mountains to Zhouqu County are all about 2km in Sanyanyu and Luojiayu.The causes of formation about Zhouqu tragedy involved Sanyanyu being a debris flow gully of high frequency in history,the northern mountainous area producing strong potential energy impulsion,a rich of loosing rock or soil body in the gullies,rockmass loosing and cracking derived from many times of historical earthquakes,a long period of drought in this region since 2010 made in rock/soil body crack opening,the maximum rainfall to cause this calamity in the area at Aug.7,the mountain torrent-debris being of concealment in gestation,abruptness in happening and truculency in destruction,etc.Moreover,some buildings occupy and use partly the routeway in which a torrent-debris flows into Bailongjiang River in Zhouqu County in rapid urbanization.
The Zhouqu event happened at 0∶12 of Aug.8,2010 in Zhouqu County of Gansu Province of China.It is an oversize mountain torrent-debris flow disaster which brought about momentous casualty and loss of belongings.It is finished with Aug.30.There are 1467 death and 298 lost having been discovered in this disaster.It is calculated for that total volume of the solid deposits are 181×104m3 which rush out from Sanyanyu and Luojiayu gullies through grid calculation.The movement time from two mountains to Zhouqu County is separately 2.1 minutes for Sanyanyu and 4.3 minutes for Luojiayu on velocity calculation of the mountain torrent head in different sections in this disaster.The distances from two mountains to Zhouqu County are all about 2km in Sanyanyu and Luojiayu.The causes of formation about Zhouqu tragedy involved Sanyanyu being a debris flow gully of high frequency in history,the northern mountainous area producing strong potential energy impulsion,a rich of loosing rock or soil body in the gullies,rockmass loosing and cracking derived from many times of historical earthquakes,a long period of drought in this region since 2010 made in rock/soil body crack opening,the maximum rainfall to cause this calamity in the area at Aug.7,the mountain torrent-debris being of concealment in gestation,abruptness in happening and truculency in destruction,etc.Moreover,some buildings occupy and use partly the routeway in which a torrent-debris flows into Bailongjiang River in Zhouqu County in rapid urbanization.
引文
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