剥蚀型汇聚板块边缘大地震成因机理研究:来自国际综合大洋钻探344航次的报告
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摘要
旨在探究剥蚀型汇聚板块边缘大地震成因机理的国际综合大洋钻探(IODP)344航次于2012年10月23日至12月11日在中美洲地震频发的哥斯达黎加西部海域实施钻探。介绍了钻探区域的大地构造特征、该航次的主要科学目标、执行情况、所取得的初步成果以及对航次后研究工作的展望等。航次后更多深入细致的研究工作正在进行中,所取得的研究成果将集中在2014年南京召开的航次后学术研讨会上汇报、交流、集成、总结,从而提升对剥蚀型汇聚板块边缘大地震起源机理的认识。
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program(IODP) expedition 344 was implemented from October 23 to December 11,2012 in the offshore Costa Rica,which is known for the frequent occurrence of earthquakes.This expedition is part of the Costa Rica Seismogenesis Program(CRISP) that has an overarching goal of elucidating the origin,nucleation,and propagation of earthquakes in an erosive convergent margin.We participated in this expedition.Here we present numerous aspects of this expedition in this paper including tectonic settings of the drilling area,major scientific goals,field operation,preliminary results of this expedition,and post-cruise activities.More detailed and much in-depth research is carried out after the cruise and post-cruise results will be reported in the meeting to be held in Nanjing University in 2014.The synthesis of these new results should lead to better understanding of the seismogenesis of the study area.
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program(IODP) expedition 344 was implemented from October 23 to December 11,2012 in the offshore Costa Rica,which is known for the frequent occurrence of earthquakes.This expedition is part of the Costa Rica Seismogenesis Program(CRISP) that has an overarching goal of elucidating the origin,nucleation,and propagation of earthquakes in an erosive convergent margin.We participated in this expedition.Here we present numerous aspects of this expedition in this paper including tectonic settings of the drilling area,major scientific goals,field operation,preliminary results of this expedition,and post-cruise activities.More detailed and much in-depth research is carried out after the cruise and post-cruise results will be reported in the meeting to be held in Nanjing University in 2014.The synthesis of these new results should lead to better understanding of the seismogenesis of the study area.
引文
[1]Harris R,Sakaguchi A,Petronotis K.Integrated Ocean DrillingProgram Expedition 344[J].Scientific Prospectus,2012,doi:10.2204/iodp.sp.344.2012.
[2]Expedition 334 Scientists 2011.Integrated Ocean Drilling ProgramExpedition 334[J].Preliminary Report,2011,doi:10.2204/io-dp.pr.334.2011.
[3]Zhu Junjiang.Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project—Introduction toIODP Expedition 334[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(12):1300-1305.[朱俊江.哥斯达黎加地震起源计划——IODP334航次介绍[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(12):1300-1 305.]
[4]von Huene R,Scholl D W.Observations at convergent marginsconcerning sediment subduc-tion,subduction erosion,and thegrowth of the continental crust[J].Review of Geophysics,1991,29(3):279-316,doi:10.1029/91RG00969.
[5]Clift P,Vannucchi P.Controls on tectonic accretion versus ero-sion in subduction zones:Implications for the origin and recyclingof the continental crust[J].Review of Geophysics,2004,42(2),doi:10.1029/2003RG000127.
[6]Protti M,Guendel F,McNally K.Correlation between the age ofthe subducted Cocos plate and the geometry of the Wadati-BenioffZone under Nicaragua and Costa Rica[C]∥Mann P,ed.Geolog-ic and Tectonic Development of the Caribbean Plate Boundary inSouthern Central America.Special Paper—Geological Society ofAmerica,1995,295:309-326.
[7]Newman A V,Schwartz S Y,Gonzalez V,et al.Along-strike var-iability in the seismogenic zone below Nicoya Peninsula,Costa Ri-ca[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2002,29(20):1 977,doi:10.1029/2002GL015409.
[8]Vannucchi P,Fisher D M,Bier S,et al.From seamount accre-tion to tectonic erosion:Formation of Osa mélange and the effectsof Cocos Ridge subduction in southern Costa Rica[J].Tectonics,2006,25(4),doi:10.1029/2005TC001855.
[9]Heuret A,Lallemand S,Funiciello F,et al.Physical characteris-tics of subduction interface type seismogenic zones revisited[J].Geochemstry,Geophyics,Geosystem,2011,12(1),doi:10.1029/2010GC003230.
[10]Vannucchi P,Sage F,Morgan J P,et al.Toward a dynamicconcept of the subduction channel at erosive convergent marginswith implications for interplate material transfer[J].GeochemistryGeophysics Geosystems,2012,13,doi:10.1029/2011GC003846.
[11]Lallemand S E,Schnürle P,Malavieille J.Coulomb theory ap-plied to accretionary and non-accretionary wedges:Possible cau-ses for tectonic erosion and/or frontal accretion[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,1994,99(B6):12 033-12 055,doi:10.1029/94JB00124.
[12]Meschede M,Zweigel P,Kiefer E.Subsidence and extension ata convergent plate margin:Evidence for subduction erosion offCosta Rica[J].Terra Nova,1999,11(2/3):112-117.
[13]Zhu J,Kopp H,Flueh E R,et al.Crustal structure of the cen-tral Costa Rica subduction zone:Implications for basal erosionfrom seismic wide-angle data[J].Geophysical Journal Interna-tional,2009,178:1 112-1 131.
[14]Walther C H E.The crustal structure of the Cocos Ridge off CostaRica[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B3):2 136,doi:10.1029/2001JB000888.
[15]DeMets C.A new estimate for present-day Cocos-Caribbean platemotion:Implications for slip along the Central American volcanicarc[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28(21):4043-4 046,doi:10.1029/2001GL013518.
[16]Turner H L III,LaFemina P,Saballos A,et al.Kinematics of theNicaraguan forearc from GPS geodesy[J].Geophysical ResearchLetters,2007,34(2):L02302,doi:10.1029/2006GL027586.
[17]Barckhausen U,Ranero C R,von Huene R,et al.Revised tec-tonic boundaries in the Cocos plate off Costa Rica:Implicationsfor the segmentation of the convergent margin and for plate tecton-ic models[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(B9):19 207-19 220,doi:10.1029/2001JB000238.
[18]Harris R N,Spinelli G,Ranero C R,et al.Thermal regime ofthe Costa Rican convergent margin,2.Thermal models of theshallow Middle America subduction zone offshore Costa Rica[J].Geochemstry,Geophyics,Geosystem,2010,11(12),doi:10.1029/2010GC003273.
[19]Lundgren P,Protti M,Donnellan A,et al.Seismic cycle andplate margin deformation in Costa Rica:GPS observations from1994 to 1997[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104(B12):28 915-28 926,doi:10.1029/1999JB900283.
[20]McCaffrey R.Crustal block rotations and plate coupling[C]∥Stein S,Freymueller J,eds.Plate Boundary Zones.Geodynam-ics Series,2002,30:101-122,doi:10.1029/GD030p0101.
[21]Norabuena E,Dixon T H,Schwartz S,et al.Geodetic and seis-mic constraints on some seismogenic zone processes in Costa Rica[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109(B11),doi:10.1029/2003JB002931.
[22]LaFemina P,Dixon T H,Govers R,et al.Fore-arc motion andCocos Ridge collision in Central America[J].Geochemstry,Geo-phyics,Geosystem,2009,10(5),doi:10.1029/2008GC002181.
[23]Vannucchi P,Ujiie K,Stroncik N,et al.Proceedings of the In-tegrated Ocean Drilling Program 334[R/OL].[2012-12-05]To-kyo,2012,doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.334.2012.
[24]Park J O,Tsuru T,Kodaira S,et al.Splay fault branching alongthe Nankai subduction zone[J].Science,2002,297(5584):1 157-1 160,doi:10.1126/science.1074111.
[25]Marone C,Saffer D M.Fault friction and the upper transitionfrom seismic to aseismic faulting[C]∥Dixon T H,Moore J C,eds.The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults.NewYork:Columbia University Press,2007:346-369.
[26]Fagereng A,Sibson R H.Melange rheology and seismic style[J].Geology,2010,38(8):751-754,doi:10.1130/G30868.1.
[27]von Huene R,Ranero C R,Weinrebe W.Quaternary convergentmargin tectonics of Costa Rica,segmentation of the Cocos Plate,and Central American volcanism[J].Tectonics,2000,19:314-334.
[28]Langseth M G,Silver E A.The Nicoya convergent margin:A re-gion of exceptionally low heat flow[J].Geophysical Research Let-ters,1996,23:891-894.
[29]Expedition 344 Scientists 2013.Integrated Ocean Drilling Pro-gram Expedition 344[R/OL].[2012-12-10]Preliminary Re-port,doi:10.2204/iodp.pr.344.2013.http:∥publications.io-dp.org/preliminary_report/344/index.html.
[30]Kutterolf S,Schindlbeck J C,Straub S,et al.Explosive Volcan-ism from the Galapagos Hotspot:Evidence from Miocene MarineTephras Found During IODP Exp.334 and 344[Z].Abstract,Kagoshima:Scientific Assembly of the International Associationof Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior,July 20-24,2013.
[2]Expedition 334 Scientists 2011.Integrated Ocean Drilling ProgramExpedition 334[J].Preliminary Report,2011,doi:10.2204/io-dp.pr.334.2011.
[3]Zhu Junjiang.Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project—Introduction toIODP Expedition 334[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(12):1300-1305.[朱俊江.哥斯达黎加地震起源计划——IODP334航次介绍[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(12):1300-1 305.]
[4]von Huene R,Scholl D W.Observations at convergent marginsconcerning sediment subduc-tion,subduction erosion,and thegrowth of the continental crust[J].Review of Geophysics,1991,29(3):279-316,doi:10.1029/91RG00969.
[5]Clift P,Vannucchi P.Controls on tectonic accretion versus ero-sion in subduction zones:Implications for the origin and recyclingof the continental crust[J].Review of Geophysics,2004,42(2),doi:10.1029/2003RG000127.
[6]Protti M,Guendel F,McNally K.Correlation between the age ofthe subducted Cocos plate and the geometry of the Wadati-BenioffZone under Nicaragua and Costa Rica[C]∥Mann P,ed.Geolog-ic and Tectonic Development of the Caribbean Plate Boundary inSouthern Central America.Special Paper—Geological Society ofAmerica,1995,295:309-326.
[7]Newman A V,Schwartz S Y,Gonzalez V,et al.Along-strike var-iability in the seismogenic zone below Nicoya Peninsula,Costa Ri-ca[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2002,29(20):1 977,doi:10.1029/2002GL015409.
[8]Vannucchi P,Fisher D M,Bier S,et al.From seamount accre-tion to tectonic erosion:Formation of Osa mélange and the effectsof Cocos Ridge subduction in southern Costa Rica[J].Tectonics,2006,25(4),doi:10.1029/2005TC001855.
[9]Heuret A,Lallemand S,Funiciello F,et al.Physical characteris-tics of subduction interface type seismogenic zones revisited[J].Geochemstry,Geophyics,Geosystem,2011,12(1),doi:10.1029/2010GC003230.
[10]Vannucchi P,Sage F,Morgan J P,et al.Toward a dynamicconcept of the subduction channel at erosive convergent marginswith implications for interplate material transfer[J].GeochemistryGeophysics Geosystems,2012,13,doi:10.1029/2011GC003846.
[11]Lallemand S E,Schnürle P,Malavieille J.Coulomb theory ap-plied to accretionary and non-accretionary wedges:Possible cau-ses for tectonic erosion and/or frontal accretion[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,1994,99(B6):12 033-12 055,doi:10.1029/94JB00124.
[12]Meschede M,Zweigel P,Kiefer E.Subsidence and extension ata convergent plate margin:Evidence for subduction erosion offCosta Rica[J].Terra Nova,1999,11(2/3):112-117.
[13]Zhu J,Kopp H,Flueh E R,et al.Crustal structure of the cen-tral Costa Rica subduction zone:Implications for basal erosionfrom seismic wide-angle data[J].Geophysical Journal Interna-tional,2009,178:1 112-1 131.
[14]Walther C H E.The crustal structure of the Cocos Ridge off CostaRica[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B3):2 136,doi:10.1029/2001JB000888.
[15]DeMets C.A new estimate for present-day Cocos-Caribbean platemotion:Implications for slip along the Central American volcanicarc[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28(21):4043-4 046,doi:10.1029/2001GL013518.
[16]Turner H L III,LaFemina P,Saballos A,et al.Kinematics of theNicaraguan forearc from GPS geodesy[J].Geophysical ResearchLetters,2007,34(2):L02302,doi:10.1029/2006GL027586.
[17]Barckhausen U,Ranero C R,von Huene R,et al.Revised tec-tonic boundaries in the Cocos plate off Costa Rica:Implicationsfor the segmentation of the convergent margin and for plate tecton-ic models[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(B9):19 207-19 220,doi:10.1029/2001JB000238.
[18]Harris R N,Spinelli G,Ranero C R,et al.Thermal regime ofthe Costa Rican convergent margin,2.Thermal models of theshallow Middle America subduction zone offshore Costa Rica[J].Geochemstry,Geophyics,Geosystem,2010,11(12),doi:10.1029/2010GC003273.
[19]Lundgren P,Protti M,Donnellan A,et al.Seismic cycle andplate margin deformation in Costa Rica:GPS observations from1994 to 1997[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104(B12):28 915-28 926,doi:10.1029/1999JB900283.
[20]McCaffrey R.Crustal block rotations and plate coupling[C]∥Stein S,Freymueller J,eds.Plate Boundary Zones.Geodynam-ics Series,2002,30:101-122,doi:10.1029/GD030p0101.
[21]Norabuena E,Dixon T H,Schwartz S,et al.Geodetic and seis-mic constraints on some seismogenic zone processes in Costa Rica[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109(B11),doi:10.1029/2003JB002931.
[22]LaFemina P,Dixon T H,Govers R,et al.Fore-arc motion andCocos Ridge collision in Central America[J].Geochemstry,Geo-phyics,Geosystem,2009,10(5),doi:10.1029/2008GC002181.
[23]Vannucchi P,Ujiie K,Stroncik N,et al.Proceedings of the In-tegrated Ocean Drilling Program 334[R/OL].[2012-12-05]To-kyo,2012,doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.334.2012.
[24]Park J O,Tsuru T,Kodaira S,et al.Splay fault branching alongthe Nankai subduction zone[J].Science,2002,297(5584):1 157-1 160,doi:10.1126/science.1074111.
[25]Marone C,Saffer D M.Fault friction and the upper transitionfrom seismic to aseismic faulting[C]∥Dixon T H,Moore J C,eds.The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults.NewYork:Columbia University Press,2007:346-369.
[26]Fagereng A,Sibson R H.Melange rheology and seismic style[J].Geology,2010,38(8):751-754,doi:10.1130/G30868.1.
[27]von Huene R,Ranero C R,Weinrebe W.Quaternary convergentmargin tectonics of Costa Rica,segmentation of the Cocos Plate,and Central American volcanism[J].Tectonics,2000,19:314-334.
[28]Langseth M G,Silver E A.The Nicoya convergent margin:A re-gion of exceptionally low heat flow[J].Geophysical Research Let-ters,1996,23:891-894.
[29]Expedition 344 Scientists 2013.Integrated Ocean Drilling Pro-gram Expedition 344[R/OL].[2012-12-10]Preliminary Re-port,doi:10.2204/iodp.pr.344.2013.http:∥publications.io-dp.org/preliminary_report/344/index.html.
[30]Kutterolf S,Schindlbeck J C,Straub S,et al.Explosive Volcan-ism from the Galapagos Hotspot:Evidence from Miocene MarineTephras Found During IODP Exp.334 and 344[Z].Abstract,Kagoshima:Scientific Assembly of the International Associationof Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior,July 20-24,2013.
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