中国大陆地壳地震震中分布的卫星磁异常约束
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摘要
陆壳中的地震更危险,但其分布更具有弥散性,尤其在中国大陆地区;因此可靠且易用的地震警示信息显得非常重要.目前这类信息主要来自历史地震目录,大地测量及构造等资料,还需要补充其它的地学资料.本文提出一种来自卫星地壳磁场的约束.对于中国大陆的壳内地震(MS≥5.0),研究表明其大都(80%以上)位于卫星地壳磁场的垂向磁感应强度分量的零等值线上或附近,并且理论上可以用一作用于半无限磁弹性平面中的集中力所产生的磁场分布来进行相应解释.尽管存在许多不确定因素,这种新的独立于传统资料的约束,提供了更为详细的地震警示性信息.同时,在缺少历史地震目录,大地测量及构造资料的地区,这种约束可作为一种先导性的监测信息加以使用.
Earthquakes in the continental crust are more dangerous,but they are distributed diffusely,especially in China.Therefore available and reliable earthquake risk information is very important.At present the risk information of earthquake is mainly from instrumental and historical catalogs,geodesy or tectonics,which needs more data or constraints from other geo-scientific data.Here we presented such a constraint from satellite geo-magnetic field.For epicenters of the earthquakes in the continental crust of China,study here shows that most of them(>80%) are at or near the zero-contours of the vertical component of the crustal magnetic induction at the surface observed by the satellite,which can be explained by the magnetic induction from a line concentrated force(earthquake) in a magnetized half plane.Although there are many uncertain factors,such a constraint which is independent of traditional data provides more detailed risk information on the seismicity in the crust.This constraint can also be used as an early and rough monitor for the shallow earthquakes before the further work of instrument,geodesy and tectonics.
Earthquakes in the continental crust are more dangerous,but they are distributed diffusely,especially in China.Therefore available and reliable earthquake risk information is very important.At present the risk information of earthquake is mainly from instrumental and historical catalogs,geodesy or tectonics,which needs more data or constraints from other geo-scientific data.Here we presented such a constraint from satellite geo-magnetic field.For epicenters of the earthquakes in the continental crust of China,study here shows that most of them(>80%) are at or near the zero-contours of the vertical component of the crustal magnetic induction at the surface observed by the satellite,which can be explained by the magnetic induction from a line concentrated force(earthquake) in a magnetized half plane.Although there are many uncertain factors,such a constraint which is independent of traditional data provides more detailed risk information on the seismicity in the crust.This constraint can also be used as an early and rough monitor for the shallow earthquakes before the further work of instrument,geodesy and tectonics.
引文
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[19]Yeh C S,Ren C W.Magnetic fields generated by a mechanical singularity in a magnetized anisotropic half plane.Journal of Mechanics,2010,26(2):173-186.
[20]邓起东.中国活动构造图.北京:地震出版社,2007.Deng Q D.The Map of the Active Tectonics of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2007.
[2]Bird P,Kreemer C,Holt W E.A long-term forecast of shallow seismicity based on the global strain rate map.Seism.Res.Lett.,2010,81(2):184-194.
[3]李家发,吴一柱,安振昌等.中国地区地磁异常与地震分布关系.华南地震,1992,12(1):11-16.Li J F,Wu Y Z,An Z C,et al.The relationship between magnetic anomaly and the distribution of earthquakes in China continent.South China Journal of Seismology(in Chinese),1992,12(1):11-16.
[4]安振昌.地磁场模型和卫星磁异常.∥滕吉文,张中杰,白武明等.岩石圈物理学.北京:科学出版社,2004:598-691.An Z C.The model of geo-magnetic field and the satellite magnetic anomaly.∥Teng J W,Zhang Z J,Bai W M,et al.,eds.Physics of the Lithosphere(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004:598-691.
[5]丁鉴海,卢振业,余素荣.地震地磁学概论.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2011.Ding J H,Lu Z Y,Yu S R.Introduction of Seismogeomagnetism(in Chinese).Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China,2011.
[6]韩鹏,黄清华,修济刚.地磁日变与地震活动关系的主成分分析———以日本岩手县北部6.1级地震为例.地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1556-1563.Han P,Huang Q H,Xiu J G.Principal component analysis of geomagnetic diurnal variation associated with earthquakes:case study of the M6.1Iwate-ken Nairiku Hokubu earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(6):1556-1563.
[7]Huang Q H.Retrospective investigation of geophysical data possibly associated with the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,41(4-5):421-427.
[8]Huang Q H.Rethinking earthquake-related DC-ULF electromagnetic phenomena:towards a physics-based approach.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2011,11(11):2941-2949.
[9]Taylor P T,Kim R H,Kutina J,et al.Geohazard assessment from satellite magnetic data modeling with examples from the Arctic Margin along the Canada Basin and the Korean Peninsula along40°N(latitude)parallel.Earth Planets Space,2008,60(5):497-503.
[10]Von Frese1RR B,Kim J W,Hernandez O,et al.Assessingintraplate earthquake hazards from satellite geopotential field observations.Earth Planets Space,2008,60:487-495.
[11]Maus S,Rother M,Holme R,et al.First scalar magnetic anomaly map from CHAMP satellite data indicates weak lithospheric field.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2002,29(14):1702.
[12]Maus S,Rother M,Hemant K,et al.Earth's lithospheric magnetic field determined to spherical harmonic degree 90 from CHAMP satellite measurements.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,164:319-330.
[13]Maus S,Yin F,Lühr H,et al.Resolution of direction of oceanic magnetic lineations by the sixth-generation lithospheric magnetic field model from CHAMP satellite magnetic measurements.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9:Q07021,doi:10.1029/2008GC001949.
[14]Engdahl E R,van der Hilst R,Buland R.Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1998,88(3):722-743.
[15]Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America.EOS Trans,2000,81:F897.
[16]Yeh C S.Magnetic fields generated by a mechanical singularity in a magnetized elastic half-plane.Journal of Applied Mechanics,1989,56(1):89-95.
[17]Pao Y H,Yeh C S.A linear theory for soft ferromagnetic elastic solids.International Journal of Engineering Science,1973,11(4):415-436.
[18]Huang K F,Wang M Z.Complete solution of the linear magnetoelasticity and the magnetic fields in a magnetized elastic half-space.Journal of Applied Mechanics,1995,62(4):930-934.
[19]Yeh C S,Ren C W.Magnetic fields generated by a mechanical singularity in a magnetized anisotropic half plane.Journal of Mechanics,2010,26(2):173-186.
[20]邓起东.中国活动构造图.北京:地震出版社,2007.Deng Q D.The Map of the Active Tectonics of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2007.
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